BAPP: BUILDING AS POWER PLANT
INVENTION WORKS
CENTER FOR BUILDING PERFORMANCE AND DIAGNOSTICS
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY
BUILDING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
• 6 floors, 7,500 square feet each (not including service cores)
• Building’s L x W: 43.20m (143.7 ft) by 16.20m (55.12 ft)
• Flexibility for various office layouts, daylight, views and the potential for natural ventilation
were goals for this building
• An educational tool as a demonstration of energy efficiency
• It houses classrooms, studios, laboratories, a woodshop, a children’s school, and administrative
offices
• Underground parking garage for 200 cars
• Built adjacent to an existing historic building, Margaret Morrison Carnegie Hall (MMCH), which is
L-shaped and 6 stories
• Connect to MMCH with a 3 story public, central atrium
• The proposed new wing is North-South oriented
• The vertical circulation is designed as modular service cores
(bathroom, AHU, PVD closet) that can be plugged into BAPP.
BUILDING DESIGN
FLOOR TILES
Span:16.20 m (53.15 ft)
Column spacing: 5.40 m (17.72 ft) 5.40
Floor Plate: 43.20 m x 16.20 m (143.7 ft x 55.12 ft) 5.40
5.40
0.60 0.60
Dimensions of Bay: 5.40 m x 16.20 m (17.72 ft x
55.12 ft)
16.20
5.40
5.40
No. of Bays per Floor: 8
Floor Tiles: 0.60 m x 0.60 m (2 ft x 2 ft)
5.40
The floor plan consists of 8 bays
Floor-to-Floor Height: 4.65m (15.25 ft)
Floor-to-Ceiling Height: 3m (9.84 ft)
Raised Floor Plenum: 1.65m (5.41 ft)
Total Building Height: 18.6m (61 ft) above
grade (plus roof)
1.65
3.00
1.65
SITE STRATEGIES
1 b parking lot
staircase
office
parking
Site Features :
• Stormwater collection
• Rain-garden water feature
• Reflecting pool for daylighting
• Solar Decathlon staging ground
• Organic gardening
• Green roof above underground parking
• Protected playing area for children school
• “Energy Cascade” demonstration plaza
• “Living Machine”- On-site bio-gas & compost
MODULAR BAY
INTERIOR SPACES
CLOSED OFFICES AND MEETING SPACES
OPEN AND CLOSED OFFICES
SMALL AND LARGE CLASSR0OMS/MEETING ROOMS
LARGE CLASSROOMS AND SMALL OFFICES
ATRIUM
BUILDING ENCLOSURE SYSTEM
CATEGORIES FOR ENCLOSURE PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
Thermal Quality Air Quality
• Too cold or too hot/ R-value • Ventilation/ pressure induced - A.C., %/
• Simultaneous heating and cooling/ load balancing location/ type of aperture
• Diurnal swing/ thermal mass • Ventilation/ thermally induced - A.C., %/
• Too sunny/ S.C. location/ type of aperture
• Passive solar/ % glass and mass • Ventilation/ solar induced - A.C., height,
• Infiltration/ air tightness absorption, mass
• HVAC Integration - mixed mode • Ventilation/ fan induced
• HVAC Integration – ‘reject’ heat use • HVAC Integration - split thermal and ven-
tilation
Visual Quality
• Daylight/ transmittance/ % and location glass Integrity
• Glare/ diffusion/redirection • Rain-proof - type of operation
• Visual access/ Views and sightlines • Water collection/ plant support
• Lighting Integration - mixed mode • Material conservations/recyclability
• Lighting Integration - split task and ambient
Energy Generation
Spatial Quality • PV integration
• Physical access to outdoors • Solar Thermal
• Layout flexibility/ module and % glazing
• Structural integration
SKETCHES SHOWING THE POSSIBLE VARIATIONS FOR THE MODULAR FACADE: BALCONIES, GLASS, OPAQUE, & GREEN WALL
FACADE VARIATIONS: OPERABLE WINDOWS, GLASS, & DOORS PRELIMINARY FACADE STRAWMAN SKETCH BY CBPD/STEVE LEE
TWO RENDERED SHADING OPTIONS AT THE BALCONIES ALONG THE SOUTHERN FACADE: OPAQUE & TRANSLUCENT GLASS
MECHANICAL SYSTEM
CONCEPT OF PLUG-AND-PLAY TECHNOLOGY
This technology offers: individual comfort and productivity, organizational flexibility, technological
adaptability, and energy and environmental effectiveness.
MECHANICAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE GOALS
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
• User-based infrastructures that are modular, reconfigurable and expandable for all key-services-
ventilation air, thermal conditioning, lighting, data/voice and power networks
• Flexible infrastructures capable of changing both location & density of services, & supporting
reconfiguration of workstations & workgroups
• Ambient-Task Systems, where users set task requirements & the central system responds with
the appropriate ambient conditions.
• Central capacities of power, data, voice, cooling, heating and ventilation must be flexible and
incorporate add-on capacities
• Modular ‘satellite closets’ (service cores) connected to accessible vertical distribution
• Distributed local control for dynamic organization with differing equipment and occupant densities
• Predominantly floor-based infrastructures.
HVAC GUIDELINES
• Ventilation: Deliver breathing air independent of thermal conditioning (heating and cooling).
• Mixed-Mode Conditioning: Integrate natural & mechanical conditioning systems.
• Flexibility: Design a flexible infrastructure that provides user accessibility and control to HVAC
end units.
• Thermal Zones: Design thermal zones for continuous change in zone size and individual control
of local conditions.
• Load Balancing: Integrate enclosure and mechanical systems.
• Energy and Material Conservation: Select mechanical system components considering energy
efficiency, material life cycles, and their service lives.
• Maintenance: Provide easy maintenance access for HVAC equipment.
• Controls: Create modular, distributed, controls; communicating, modifiable building automation
systems.
CONCEPT OF GRID AND NODES
ZONING
HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION AND LAYERING
