The cat (Felis catus) is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal.
[1][2] It is the only
domesticated species in the family Felidae and is often referred to as the domestic cat to
distinguish it from the wild members of the family.[4] A cat can either be a house cat, a farm
cat or a feral cat; the latter ranges freely and avoids human contact.[5] Domestic cats are valued
by humans for companionship and their ability to hunt pests such as rodents. About 60 cat
breeds are recognized by various cat registries.[6]
The cat is similar in anatomy to the other felid species: it has a strong flexible body,
quick reflexes, sharp teeth and retractable claws adapted to killing small prey. Its night vision and
sense of smell are well developed. Cat
communication includes vocalizations like meowing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling and
grunting as well as cat-specific body language. It is a solitary hunter but a social species. It can
hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and
other small mammals. It is a predator that is most active at dawn and dusk.[7] It secretes and
perceives pheromones.[8]
Female domestic cats can have kittens from spring to late autumn, with litter sizes ranging from
two to five kittens.[9] Domestic cats are bred and shown at events as registered pedigreed cats, a
hobby known as cat fancy. Failure to control breeding of pet cats by spaying and neutering, as
well as abandonment of pets, resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, contributing to
the extinction of entire bird species and evoking population control.[10]
Cats were first domesticated in the Near East around 7500 BC.[11] It was long thought that cat
domestication was initiated in Ancient Egypt, as since around 3100 BC veneration was given
to cats in ancient Egypt.[12][13]
As of 2017, the domestic cat was the second-most popular pet in the United States by number of
pets owned, after freshwater fish,[14] with 95 million cats owned.[15][16] In the United Kingdom,
around 7.3 million cats lived in more than 4.8 million households as of 2019.[17]
Contents
1Etymology and naming
2Taxonomy
3Evolution
o 3.1Domestication
4Characteristics
o 4.1Size
o 4.2Skeleton
o 4.3Skull
o 4.4Ambulation
o 4.5Claws
5Senses
o 5.1Vision
o 5.2Hearing
o 5.3Smell
o 5.4Taste
o 5.5Whiskers
o 5.6Balance
6Behavior
o 6.1Sociability
o 6.2Communication
o 6.3Grooming
o 6.4Fighting
o 6.5Hunting and feeding
o 6.6Impact on birds
o 6.7Play
o 6.8Reproduction
7Lifespan and health
o 7.1Disease
8Ecology
o 8.1Habitats
o 8.2Feral cats
9Interaction with humans
o 9.1Cat show
o 9.2Infections transmitted from cats to humans
o 9.3History and mythology
o 9.4Superstitions and rituals
10See also
o 10.1Cats by location
11References
12External links