CYRUS INOTIAN

Cosmopolitanism can be defined as a global politics that, firstly, projects a sociality of common political
engagement among all human beings across the globe, and, secondly, suggests that this sociality should
be either ethically or organizationally privileged over other forms of sociality.

is the idea that all human beings are, or could or should be, members of a single community. ... Rather,
locales may be called "cosmopolitan" simply because people of various ethnic, cultural and/or religious
background live in proximity and interact with each other.

Global citizen is someone who is aware of and understands the wider world - and their place in it. They
take an active role in their community, and work with others to make our planet more equal, fair and
sustainable. ... Global citizenship helps young people to build their own understanding of world events.

Living respectfully and peacefully with one another, they celebrate diversity, see how their actions affect
another person's experience, and come to understand that being global means being a citizen of the
world.

1. The most common form of cosmopolitanism is _____ cosmopolitanism, according to which those in a
position to do so have an obligation to assist those in need because of poverty and to promote basic
human rights.

a. moral

b. political

c. cultural

d. economic

Answer: A. Moral

2. In societies that have nonconsensual concepts of citizenship, it is

a. Easier to become a citizen.

b. Harder to become a citizen.

c. Neither harder nor easier to become a citizen.

d. Impossible to become a citizen.

Answer b. Harder to become a citizen

a. Sharing a certain ethnicity.

b. Accepting certain political ideals.

c. Showing a certain cultural background.

d. Proving economic self-sufficiency.

Answer: b. Accepting certain political ideals

OTHER OFFICIAL CONCEPTS OF FOOD SECURITY

(Based from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization)

- Ensuring that all people at all times have both physical!and economic access ti the basic food that they
need".

- "Access of all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life" (World Bank, 1986).

-"Food security, at the individual, based household, national, regional and global levels [is achieved]
when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food to
meet their dietary needs of food preferences for an active and healthy life" (World Food Summit, 1996).

- "Food security is a situation that exists when all people, at all times have physical, social and economic
access to suficient, safe and nutrious food to meet their dietary needs of food preferences for an active
and healthy life" (The State of Food and Security,2001).

The most acceptable definition of food security today is coming from FAO which states that security
exists, "when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and
nutrious food which means dietary needs and preferences for an acrive and healthy life.

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY IN NUMBERS

According to FAO (1996), global food production has grown rapidly over the past 30 years managing to
surpass population growth. Yet today, in a world that can produce enough food to supply and adequate
diet for all, hundreds of millions of people go hungry and malnourished. Chronic undernutrition persists
mainly in countries with law incoms, most of which depend heavily on agriculture. The Federal Ministry
of Food and Agriculture in Germany (2016) also describes that the world's population is growing.

There are 2 billion people worldwide who suffer from one or more micronutriets deficiencies. Human
with too much imbalanced in their nutrition are lacking important nutrients definitely. This once being
donated by the Food and Agriculture of the German Federal Ministry, that "Mothers with poor nutrition
give birth to weak babies who are more susceptible to diseases.

We all have food in rising to challenge of food security. Eliminating hunger will require collective effort
to accelerate agricultural and coutryside development in every country especially the developing ones.
Questions:

1. The most acceptable definition of food security today is coming from?

a. World Food Summit

b. FAO

c. The Stae of Food Security

d. Global Food Security

- B. FAO states that security exists, "when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutrious food which means dietary needs and preferences for an acrive and
healthy life.

2. A year where in global food production has grown rapidly?

a. 1995

b.1990

c. 1980

d. 1996

- D. FAO (1996) global food production has grown rapidly over the past 30 years managing to surpass
population growth.

3. How many people worldwide who suffer from one or more micronutriets deficiencies?

a. 2 billion

b. 1 billion

c. 4 billion

d. 3 billion
- A. 2 billion because Human with too much imbalanced in their nutrition are lacking important nutrients
definitely.
SACE

Unit 7

Global Citizenship

We live in a globalized world that gets smaller and flat because people, places and economies are
increasingly interconnected and interdependent. This condition is mainly because of globalization with
its essential drivers migration, technologies and innovations, that paved the way not only to unlimited
possibilities and opportunities but also to challenges and threats.

What is Global Citizenship ?

The accelerating international integration brought about by globalization has led to ethical obligations
beyond national borders Of the brewing global issues and its solutions, it is indeed necessary to take
engaging steps in identifying oneself not just as a national citizen but also as a global citizen.

Global citizenship then is related to cosmopolitanism. Otte (2016) describes the latter as an ideology or
worldview in which the world is inhabited by individuals with fundamentally equal rights and
obligations toward each other. Cabrera (2008) on the other hand puts the former as a conception that
should not be viewed as separate from or synonymous with the cosmopolitan moral orientation , but as
a primary component of it. These two important terms are inter dependent. To be a cosmopolitan, one
must recognize his or her global citizenship.

- Is an integral part of a comprehensive conception of cosmopolitan right (Cabrera 2008).

- Is multi-faceted taking care of each other, sharing with each other and being mindful of the natural
world (Hanson 2016)

- Is the ability to see oneself and the world around one , the ability to "see plurally" the ability to
understand that both "reality" and language come in multiple version, the ability to see power relations
and understand them systematically and the ability to balance awareness of one's own realities with the
realities of entities outside the perceived self (McIntosh, 2005).

- Is the demonstration of concern for the rights and welfare of others (Ladson-Billings, 2005)

Questions
1. He is describes that latter as an ideology

A.Cabrera(2008)

B.Otte (2006)

C.Hanson(2016)

D. Jerome S. Bruner

Ans. Otte(2006)He describes the latter as an ideology or worldview in which the world is inhabited by
individuals with fundamentally equal rights.

2.According to Cabrera, global citizenship is a component of internationalization.

A.True

B.False

C.Maybe

D.None of the above

Ans. false Cabrera said that cosmopolitan moral orientation, but as a primary component of it.

3.Global citizenship then is related to

A.Cosmopolitanism

B.Realist Perspectives

C.Liberal Perspectives

D.Liberalist

Ans. Cosmopolitanism it presents a political theory that posits people as citizens of the world than a
particular nation-state.
EEJAY

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global goals designed to be a
"blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all"The SDGs, set in 2015 by the United
Nations General Assembly and intended to be achieved by the year 2030, are part of UN Resolution
70/1, the 2030 Agenda.

The Sustainable Development Goals are:

No Poverty

Zero Hunger

Good Health and Well-being

Quality Educational

Gender Equality

Clean Water and Sanitation

Affordable and Clean Energy

Decent Work and Economic Growth

Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Reducing Inequality

Sustainable Cities and Communities

Responsible Consumption and Production

Climate Action

Life Below Water

Life On Land

Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

Partnerships for the Goals

The goals are broad based and interdependent. The 17 sustainable development goals each have a list
of targets which are measured with indicators. In an effort to make the SDGs successful, data on the 17
goals has been made available in an easily-understood form.[6] A variety of tools exist to track and
visualize progress towards the goals.The Sustainable Development Goals are:
Food security is a measure of the availability of food and individuals' ability to access it. Affordability is
only one factor. There is evidence of food security being a concern many thousands of years ago, with
central authorities in ancient China and ancient Egypt being known to release food from storage in times
of famine. At the 1974 World Food Conference the term "food security" was defined with an emphasis
on supply. They said food security is the "availability at all times of adequate, nourishing, diverse,
balanced and moderate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food
consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices".

Later definitions added demand and access issues to the definition. The final report of the 1996 World
Food Summit states that food security "exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an
active and healthy life. ".

What does SDGS means?

a. Supreme drug government society

B.seventeen daily goals

C. Sustainable development goals

What is the first goal?

A. Start na goals

B.start developing

C. End poverty

How many goals is in sdgs?

A. 15

B.16

C.17
JOYLYN

REALIST PERSPECTIVES

-According to carter (2001) the traditional realist perspective on international politics highlights the
major role of nation states, which necessarily pursue their own interests. And the inevitable conflicts
that ensue.

-there might be a minimal role of global citizenship especially if is seen as an approach which centers on
a super power promoting the idea of global citizenship using a realpolotik logic (stromquist 2009)

-under this perspective utilize this kind of position as arneil (2006) put it that the endorsement of this
global citizenship idea represents a return to the colonial "civilizing mission" of the past.

LIBERAL PERSPECTIVES

-This perspective is a grotian conception of international politics compared to that of realist perspective
that is hobbesian conception.

-hobessian state of nature ungoverned by law, in which force, self interest and pragmatism are primary
tools while.

-liberal perspectives is grounded then on ideas of pacifism, human rights, and limited national
sovereignty.

-a recognition of most common interests, a growing body of international law and acceptance in the
principle of universal moral principles that should influence states (carter 2001)

-Liberal beliefs and practices spread within and across boarders may enhance clearly the scope of global
citizenship.

1. Thus perspective is a groatian conception of international politics compared to that of realist

a. Realist perspectives

b. Liberal perspectives

c. Hobbesian conception

d. Liberalism
B. Because it is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty consent of the governed and equality
before the law.

2. According to carter 2001 the traditional realist perspectives on international politics highlights the
major role of nation states, which necessarily pursue their own interests.

A. Realist perspective

B. Hobbesian conception

C. Liberalism

D. Liberal perspectives

A. Because it emphasizes the role of the nation state and makes a broad assumption that all nation
states are motivated by national interest disguised aa moral concerns.

3. Statements that may illustrate the description of a realist perspective.

A. I am a filipino citizen and a global citizen but needs to secure first the interest of our nation state than
others

B. I am a global citizens and because of this i do not support countries which nuclear pdojects for it mat
endanger the life of people

C. We are all global citizens regardless of where we're born

D. None of the above

A. Realists view human beings as inherently egoistic and self-interested to the extent that self-interest
overcomes moral principles.
JAMES

Sustainability can be broadly defined as the ability of something to maintain itself. It is the capacity to
endure or continue. A term that is different from stability in an economic sense. It has to do with
preserving resources and energy over the long term rather than exhausting them quickly to meet short
term goals. But the most accepted definition of sustainability or sustainable development is coming
from the Brundtland Report (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987) which
defined as the “development that meet the needs of the present without the compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs.”

To go sustainable will also mean enterprises and or people must use and promote renewable energy
resources such as solar energy, wind energy and hydropower energy over the use of non-renewable
energy sources. Oil, coal and natural gas are the most common form of fossil fuels that are non-
renewable, and that people use and depend on.

The Greentumble website delineares the factors on why we are still using primarily non-renewable
sources viz:

a. Lower cost- Our economies have been built the use of fossil fuels and nuclear energy and to
change these we would need to develop clear plans that provide predictability so that business can
switch to investing and deploying renewables.

b. Infrastructure- Switching to renewable requires a paradigm shift from consumers because there
are consumers who are not willing to renewable sources of energy.

c. Readily covering pour needs- renewable energy technology at this moment cannot be deployed
to such an extent that it can meet our energy needs globally.

Questions:

1. It is the ability of something to maintain itself.

A. Economics C. Sustainability

B. Social D. Culture

Answer: C. Sustainability

Sustainability can be broadly defined as the ability of something to maintain itself.

2. One of still using primally non renewable sources that is switching to renewable requires a
paradigm shift from consumer.

A. Lower Cost C. Readily covering pour needs

B. Infrastructure D. Environmental

Answer: B. Infrastructure
Infrastructure- Switching to renewable requires a paradigm shift from consumers because there are
consumers who are not willing to renewable sources of energy.

3. What is the most accepted definition of sustainability or sustainable development from the
Brundtland Report?

A. (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987)

B. (World Commitment on Environment,1988)

C. (World Commission on Industry and Development, 1989)

D. (World Commission on Environment and Industry, 1986)

Answer: A. (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987)

The most accepted definition of sustainability or sustainable development is coming from the
Brundtland Report (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987)
ROCHELLE

Three Pillars of sustainability

1.Environmental-Sustainable human activities must protect the earths environment viz protect nature
,conserve resources,preserve wildlife

2.social(society)-People ang communities must be treated equally and fairly specifically on eradicating
global poverty and the environmental exploitation of poor countries and communities

3.Sustainability-must be economically reasonable human development depends upon the term

GOAL OF GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE

What type of sustainable model is the united nations using ? Since there is no difinite economic
governance There. Should be three areas f economic models needed to be re-thought and re-designed
as follows are:
1.The issue of what is an effecient market '(that needs to be clarified or some new clarifications perhaps)

2. Accepting the fact that three might be many diff. Economic system stable and better for sustainabilty
that the others and

3. A redesigned needs of a wider look at what is economic growth and what kind of growth is
compatible with the idea of sustainability.

Question

1.Human activities must protect the earths environment viz protect nature ,conserve resources,preserve
wildlife

A.Environmental

B.Social

C.Economic

-A.Environmental (Environmet)

must be treated
2 equally and fairly specifically onb eradicating global poverty and the environmental exploitation of
poor countries and communities.

A.Environmental

B.Social

C.Economic

-B.Social

3. depends upon the term production use and manage of resourcesas part of global economy.

A.Environmental

B.Social

C.Economic

C.Economic
MARK

Stability

-Greater prosperity and economic growth in low-income countries create new and expanding
markets, presenting growth opportunities for American farmers, ranchers, and businesses. For instance,
in Africa alone the value of the agriculture and food sector is expected to reach $1 trillion by 2030.
Rising incomes and changing diets are increasing demand for more diverse and nutritious foods. As
economies grow, so does the demand for agricultural products, benefiting farmers locally and globally.
Growing economic opportunities in the agriculture sector reach well beyond food production into sales
of machinery and inputs, growth in demand for consumer packaged goods, and digital technologies for
agriculture, where American companies are global leaders.

America is facing enormous global challenges at the beginning of 2017, including the threat of rapidly
increasing global instability, conflict, and migration as a result of inadequate global food supplies and
water scarcity. Today’s global population of 7.4 billion people is expected to grow to 8 billion by 2024
and 10 billion by 2056.1 In addition, rising incomes in many low- and middle-income countries are
further increasing the demand for food to satisfy the desire for higher quality, more nutritious, and
diverse diets.

Question:

1. ______ is facing enormous global challenges at the beginning of 2017.

a. Africa c. China

b. America d. Japan

2.________ is often used to describe buildings or structures that won't collapse or fall down. Good tires
will help you maintain stability on snowy or icy roads. You can use the word more figuratively for a safe
environment or a healthy mental state.

a. Stability c. Global food security

b. Sustainability d. Ability

3. Today’s global population of 7.4 billion people is expected to grow to 8 billion by 2024 and 10 billion
by____.

a. 2056 c. 2058

b. 2057 d. 2059
Answer:

1.b

2.a

3.a