SL - No Particulars NO 1: List of Contents
SL - No Particulars NO 1: List of Contents
2 RESEARCH DESIGN
3 COMPANY PROFILE
6 SUGGESTIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNEXURES
A STUDY ON PERCEPTION AND PRACTICE OF EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP STYLES
AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS (WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO SYNGENE INTERNATIONAL LTD, BANGALORE) .
“You must treat your employees with respect and dignity because in the most automated
factory in the world, you need the power of human mind. That is what brings in innovation. If
you want high quality minds to work for you, then you must protect the respect and
dignity.”---Mr N.R. Narayana Murthy, Chairman Emeritus, Infosys Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Organizations are one among the key units of the general public. During their formation and
improvement, a particular sort of organizational culture in the long run shows up. The reason
for authoritative culture is to improve solidarity and union, and to stimulate employee’s
eagerness and creativity to improve the organization’s monetary effectiveness. It is critical to
comprehend that so as to improve the organization’s business management and let the
organizational culture have the correct effect on employees. The consequences of the
investigation show that hierarchical culture mainly impacts inspiration, advances singular
learning, influences correspondence, and improves organizational qualities, group decision
making and deal with the conflicts.
From the research, it was discovered that the employees of syngene international ltd were
much satisfied with their relational connections, co-ordination and integration between
different divisions of the organization, and furthermore the rewards and incentives given by
their administration. But the administration needs to give increasingly practical training
sessions in preparing projects to improve their performance in their particular fields. Such
preparing projects will assist them with enhancing their insight in the particular fields.
Keywords: organization,
INTRODUCTION
Management: refers how to optimize and make best use of such limited or scarce resource
so as to meet the organization goals and objectives.
Meaning
Human Resource Management (HRM) is the strategic approach to the effective management
of people in a company or organization such that they help their business gain a competitive
advantage. It is designed to maximise employee performance in service of an employer’s
strategic objectives.
Definition
Objectives of HRM
Importance of HRM
Managerial functions
Planning
Establishing goals and objectives to be achieved.
Developing rules and procedures.
Determining plans and forecasting techniques.
HR outsourcing.
Organizing
Giving each member a specific task.
Establishing departments and divisions.
Delegating authority to the members.
Establishing channels of authority and communication.
Creating a system to coordinate the works of the members.
Staffing
Determining the type of people to be hired.
Compensating the employees.
Setting performance standards, measuring and evaluating the
employees.
Counselling the employees.
Recruiting prospective employees and selecting the best ones.
HR Metrics.
Directing
Getting work done through subordinates.
Ensuring effective two-way communication for the exchange of
information with the subordinates.
Motivating subordinates to strive for better performance.
Maintaining the group morale.
Controlling
Establishment of standard performance so as to measure the actual
performance of the employees by conducting performance evaluation
for appraisals.
Measurement of actual performance with the established performance
standards of employees for finding out gaps in employee performance.
Operative functions
Procurement
Job analysis
Job design
Recruitment and selection
Human resource planning
Induction and orientation
Socialization
Development
Career planning and career development
Executive development
Employee training and development
Overall development of organisation
Compensation
Job evaluation
Performance evaluation
Wages or salary administration
Employee rewards, perks and benefits
Motivation/ Maintenance
Employee well-being
Social security for employees
Worker’s participation
Motivating employees
Job rotation
Maintaining HR records
Integration
Industrial relation
Employee discipline
Grievance redressed
Dispute settlement
Collective bargaining
Meaning of leadership
Definition of leadership
A simple definition is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act toward
achieving a common goal. In a business setting, this can mean directing workers and
colleagues with a strategy to meet the company's needs.
According to Adeoye Mayowa- “Leadership is the ability to evaluate and or forecast a long
term plan or policy and influence the followers towards the achievement of the said strategy”.
According to John Sculley-“Leadership revolves around vision, ideas, direction, and has
more to do with inspiring people as to direction and goals than with day-to-day
implementation. A leader must be able to leverage more than his own capabilities. He must
be capable of inspiring other people to do things without actually sitting on top of them with
a checklist”.
Leadership style
1. Autocratic Leadership
Autocratic leadership style is centered on the boss. In this leadership the leader holds all
authority and responsibility. In this leadership, leaders make decisions on their own without
consulting subordinates.
They reach decisions, communicate them to subordinates and expect prompt implementation.
An autocratic work environment normally has little or no flexibility.
2. Democratic Leadership
In this leadership style, subordinates are involved in making decisions. Unlike the autocratic
style, this leadership is centered on subordinates’ contributions. The democratic leader holds
final responsibility, but he or she is known to delegate authority to other people, who
determine work projects.
The most unique feature of this leadership is that communication is active upward and
downward. With respect to statistics, democratic leadership is one of the most preferred
styles of leadership, and it entails the following: fairness, competence, creativity, courage,
intelligence and honesty
The strategic leader fills the gap between the need for new possibility and the need for
practicality by providing a prescriptive set of habits. Effective strategic leadership delivers
the goods in terms of what an organization naturally expects from its leadership in times of
change. 55% of this leadership normally involves strategic thinking.
4. Transformational Leadership
Unlike other leadership styles, transformational leadership is all about initiating change in
organizations, groups, oneself and others.
Transformational leaders motivate others to do more than they originally intended and often
even more than they thought possible. They set more challenging expectations and typically
achieve a higher performance.
5. Team Leadership
Team leadership involves the creation of a vivid picture of a team’s future, where it is
heading and what it will stand for. The vision inspires and provides a strong sense of purpose
and direction.
Team leadership is about working with the hearts and minds of all those involved. It also
recognizes that teamwork may not always involve trusting cooperative relationships.
6. Cross-Cultural Leadership
This form of leadership normally exists where there are various cultures in the society. This
leadership has also industrialized as a way to recognize front-runners who work in the
contemporary globalized market.
Organizations, particularly international ones, require leaders who can effectively adjust their
leadership to work in different environs. Most of the leadership environments in the United
States are cross-cultural because of the different cultures that live and work there.
7. Facilitative Leadership
Facilitative leadership is dependent on measurements and outcomes – not a skill, although it
takes much skill to master. The effectiveness of a group is directly related to the efficacy of
its process. If the group is high functioning, the facilitative leader uses a light hand on the
process.
On the other hand, if the group is low functioning, the facilitative leader will be more
directive in helping the group run its process. An effective facilitative leadership involves
monitoring group dynamics, as well as offering process suggestions and interventions to help
the group stay on track.
8. Laissez-faire Leadership
Laissez-faire leadership gives authority to employees. According to azcentral, departments or
subordinates are allowed to work as they choose with minimal or no interference. According
to research, this kind of leadership has been consistently found to be the least satisfying and
least effective management style.
But to a certain extent, delegating is necessary. Famous historical projects led by laissez-faire
leaders include the building of the Panama Canal and the Hoover Dam. With both projects,
the presidents involved had to delegate many responsibilities in order to succeed.
9. Transactional Leadership
This is a leadership style that maintains or continues the status quo. It is also the leadership
that involves an exchange process, whereby followers get immediate, tangible rewards for
carrying out the leader’s orders. Transactional leadership can sound rather basic, with its
focus on exchange.
Being clear, focusing on expectations, giving feedback are all important leadership skills.
Transactional leadership behaviours can include: clarifying what is expected of followers’
performance, explaining how to meet such expectations, and allocating rewards that are
contingent on meeting objectives.
Basically, in this kind of leadership, followers are helped to improve their skills. Coaching
leadership does the following: motivates followers, inspires followers and encourages
followers.
Therefore, charismatic leaders are not merely simply populist leaders who affect attitudes
towards specific objects. Rather, these leaders transform the underlying normative orientation
that structures specific attitudes.
Examples of leaders who had powerful and inspirational visions include Nelson Mandela and
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Outstanding leaders will always transform their visions into
realities.
organizational objectives.
1. Setting Goals:
A leader is expected to perform creative function of laying out goals and policies to persuade
2. Organizing:
The second function of a leader is to create and shape the organization on scientific lines by
assigning roles appropriate to individual abilities with the view to make its various
3. Initiating Action:
The next function of a leader is to take the initiative in all matters of interest to the group. He
should not depend upon others for decision and judgment. He should float new ideas and his
4. Co-Ordination:
A leader has to reconcile the interests of the individual members of the group with that of the
organization. He has to ensure voluntary co-operation from the group in realizing the
common objectives.
It is the primary function of a leader to guide and direct his group and motivate people to do
their best in the achievement of desired goals, he should build up confidence and zeal in the
work group.
A leader works as a necessary link between the management and the workers. He interprets
the policies and programmes of the management to his subordinates and represents the
subordinates’ interests before the management. He can prove effective only when he can act
A successful leader secures desired behaviour from his followers. It depends upon the quality
qualities. A number of authors have mentioned different qualities which a person should
1. Good personality.
2. Emotional stability.
8. Communicating skill.
9. Sociable.
Through dynamic leadership managers can improve motivation and morale of their
subordinates. A good leader influences the behaviour of an individual in such a manner that
Leadership serves as a motive power to group efforts. It leads the group to a higher level of
The use of authority alone cannot always bring the desired results. Leadership acts as an aid
Leadership plays a pivotal role at all levels of management because in the absence of
interest may work beyond the confines of formal relationships. Such informal relationships
are more effective in controlling and regulating the behaviour of the subordinates. Effective
Effective leadership increases the understanding between the subordinates and the
common objectives.
Review of literature
Shekari, 2012- In this study, he concludes that people and process will always be
more important than tasks and organizational structure in accomplishing goals and
productivity. Effective systems and processes are only effective if the people who
make them work are effective. Highly motivated and well-trained human resources
provide the only assurance that any organization will be effective in accomplishing its
goals. Leaders motivate followers through investing in them and empowering them to
do their best.
Ali, 2012- He researches that a series of organizational studies exploring the effects of
Leadership Roles elucidates the connection between Importance of Leadership Roles,
leading to effective human resource management. Roles are the positions that are
defined by a set of expectations about behaviour of any job incumbent. Each role has
a set of 2 tasks and responsibilities that may or may not be spelt out. Roles have a
powerful effect on behaviour because money is paid for the performance of the role,
there is prestige attached to a role, there is a sense of accomplishment or challenge,
etc.
Hard, 2010-He concludes that often, a leader is recognized as one who emerges to
guide a group of individuals through times of relative calm or times of chaos and
hopelessness, inspiring those that follow them to persevere in the face of adversity or
to rally together in order to accomplish a shared goal. Leadership, or the aspiration to
lead, is undeniably one of the most highly respected human qualities. However, as a
concept, leadership is extremely abstract, represented by a vast quantity of diverse
ideals and theories.
Davis, 2002- This study concludes that leadership involves the use of character to
overcome an external challenge. Effective leadership simplifies the complex; sets
aside doubt and make action compelling and successful. Leaders have the capacity to
convert purpose and vision into action. Most leaders are pragmatic dreamers or
practical idealists. The traditional model of leadership is that of the charismatic leader.
Power is the magnet, which attracts such leaders, and most they are corrupted and
destroyed by power.
Douglas & Fredendall, 2004- He studied that the leadership is specifically identified
as a key element of service firm success due to the importance of cooperation,
learning, and customer relations in this environment. The more competitive nature of
the service industry requires more time and effort to be committed to leadership
activities.
Chien, 2004-In his study, leadership is a key component in achieving the outcomes.
To maintain a competitive edge, an organization must be able to adapt and change in
order to improve processes.
Keith, 2009-This study revealed that the organizations must be able to serve
customers well, which entails meeting their needs. And in order to meet customer’s
needs, organizational leaders must first identify and meet the needs of their
employees; otherwise, they will not be interested in helping customers.
Jago, 1982- This study concludes that leaders are made not born. If one has the desire
and willpower, he can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a
never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience. To inspire
workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things one must have, know,
and, do. These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and
study.
Adair J, 2002-He concludes that leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek
defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group
together and motivates it towards goals.
Mintzberg (1973)- He studied that leadership role is one of ten managerial roles,
albeit the most important one. The other nine managerial roles are: figurehead,
liaison, monitor, disseminator, spokesperson, entrepreneur, disturbance handler,
resource allocator, and negotiator.
Research methodology
Aim
The aim of the present investigation is to study the Perception and Practice of Leadership
Styles and Characteristics of Private Organizations.
Objectives
Company profile
Syngene international ltd., a subsidiary of Biocon established in 1993, is India’s leading CRO
and offers integrated discovery and development services with capabilities in medicinal
chemistry, biology, in vivo pharmacology, toxicology, custom synthesis process R&D, GMP
manufacturing and formulation development for small and large molecules. Syngene supports
R&D programs from lead generation to clinical supplies. They are currently offering these
services to over 250 clients globally. These services are offered on a strong platform of
confidentiality and intellectual property protection. There, highly experienced scientific and
strong project management teams ensure execution of projects in a timely and cost effective
manner with high standards of quality. There animal facilities are GLP (good laboratory
practice) certified by the Indian authorities and also AAALAC accredited.
Vision
Core values
Integrity:
To be ethical, honest and transparent in all we do.
Excellence:
To commit ourselves to the highest levels of scientific and operational excellence
Professionalism:
To practice the highest degree of professionalism by encompassing attributes such as
accountability, reliability and customer focus.
Customers
To meet their current and future requirements by providing world-class talent,
infrastructure and systems.
To deliver sustained quality and productivity.
To provide flexible and effective partnership models.
Employees
To ensure a safe and sociable working environment.
To offer work opportunities with high-performing teams.
To develop scientific, managerial and leadership skills and cultivate professional
competencies.
Society and environment
To safeguard the environment by reducing waste, controlling pollution and
creating eco-friendly products.
To support community health and wellness programmes.
Patients, Physicians and Providers
To maintain the highest standards of ethics with regard to patient care.
To conform to best ethical practices envisioned for physicians and providers.
Pharmaceuticals
Biotech
Nutrition
Agrochemicals
Animal health
Specialty chemicals
Consumer goods