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 PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
19th Century | Spain, Europe | Filipino |

Los Dos Mundos España en Filipinas Asociacion

Print Media; Print Media; Hispano-Filipina
equality of rights and substantive Filipino rights Organization;
opportunities (due process and equal social and administrative
protection of laws) state of PH, recognition of
industry

La Solidaridad (The Solidarity)

Print Media;
Philippine Representation, freedom of press, due
process among accused

1888-1895 | Foundation: New Year’s Eve , London

Organizational structure
President: Galicano Apacible Auditor: Jose Maria Panganiban
Vice president: Graciano Lopez Jaena Honorary president: Jose Rizal
Secretary: Manuel Santa Maria Editors: Del Pilar and Jaena
Treasurer: Mariano Ponce
 Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas
Antonio Morga

1559 1609 1615

born
President of
1598 Published Sucesos de
Royal Audencia
las Islas Filipinas in
in Mexico
1593 Mexico
Judge of the
*found guilty of
Royal graft and
Leutenant Governor Audencia corruption*
(Supreme Court) "An Account of the
in the Philippines
Philippine Islands"
(2nd highest position in the
colony)

Rizal’s Annotations Rizal’s annotation was

the first Philippine
France British history written from
Publishing
Museum the viewpoint of a
Filipino scholar
met Dr. Reinhold
Rost (librarian, (read Chirino and
published September 1889 in Garnier
ministry of foreign Pigafetta) then
Hermanos (printing press)
affairs) Morga

Ferdinand Bluementritt
Ferdinand Bluementritt on the annotation: common mistakes by modern historians

1. Judging the events of the past in light of contemporary ideas

2. The abuses of the friars should not be construed to mean that Catholicism is bad

Conversion Not as general; not all natives were converted Women Practice of “easy virtue”

Southern islands Land of painted people Filipino food Eat fish when it’s starting to turn bad

“Conquest” Admisibble only for some parts of the island Piracy Raids in Mindanao in 1599

Trade
Substantial- annotations made by Rizal to Morga's Sucesos
Outside relations were maintained https://rizalianyouthcouncilhawaii.weebly.com/annotations-to-sucesos-de-las-islas-filipinas.html
 Noli Me Tangere
Publisher Berliner Buchdruckrei (Berlin Germany)
Date of publication March 21, 1887
Financer Maximo Viola
Cost 300 pesos
Number of first set of copies printed 2000 copies
Number of chapters 63 chapters

Inspiration: Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe - portrays the

pathetic conditions suffered by the Negro Slaves in the brutalities of
American-slave owners

Title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means "Touch Me Not"

citing from a Biblical Passage (Gospel of St. John Chapter 20 verses 13
to 17) that depicts the risen Christ

Aim: rational correction

1. All peaceful recourse means must be exhausted first before a bloody
revolution
2. Effective planning and strategy must be adopted to avoid massive loss of
lives
3. Filipino people must have sufficient arms and ammunitions
4. The Filipino mass and the elites must be united for a common cause
5. The Filipino people must be knowledgeable to establish a just government

3 months after publication

"If peaceful means will not work for the Filipino people then he must
advocate violent means but these means must be based on God's will for the
lliberty and justice of the Filipino people" - Bluementritt
 NOLI ME TANGERE
SYMBOLISMS IN BOOK COVER CHARACTERS

 Upper triangle - Rizal's life in the past 1. Crisostomo Ibarra - The courageous,
 Silhouette – believed to be Maria Clara civic minded, liberty-loving, and patriotic
(Inang bayan); Leonor Rivera son of a wealthy landlord
 Cross – Catholic faith; suffering of 2. Maria Clara - The lovely woman
Filipinos betrothed to Crisostomo Ibarra
 Pomelo blossoms and Laurel Leaves – 3. Basilio - The elder of the two sacristans
Fidelity, Honor, and Faith in San Diego
 Torch - awakening of Filipino 4. Crispin - The younger brother of Basilio  Political novel
consciousness who was falsely accused of stealing 32  romantic novel  work of the head
 Sunflower – new beginning; happiness, pesos worth of gold from the church,  work of the  book of thought
humility tortured and not allowed to go home "heart"  contains bitterness,
 Lower Triangle – Rizal’s current situations 5. Capital Tiago - A rich landowner, he  "book of feeling" hatred, pain,
 Chain – Slavery, Imprisonment represents the Filipino oligarchs  freshness, color, violence, sorrow
 Shoes – Wealth, footprints of friars 6. Sisa - a loving wife and mother with humor, lightness  exposed arrogant
teaching Catholicism tragic life story and wit behavior of Spanish
 Hairy legs - represents the legend of the 7. Padre Damaso - the vociferous colonizers
wolf;hiding the true nature of the friars Franciscan priest who is the main villain
 Flogs (Suplina) – cruelties of guardia civil and the real father of Maria Clara • Both are instruments of Filipino awakening
 Helmet- abuses of Spanish authorities 8. Padre Salvi - a Spanish friar who is (eye-opener)
 Whip - abuses secretly in love with Maria Clara and • Sense of nationalism and patriotism
 Bamboo stalks- resilience of the Filipino who plots to eliminate Crisostomo
nation Ibarra
 Rizal's signature- he witnessed all the 9. Victoria delos Reyes de Espadana - A
abuses of the Spaniards paragon of colonial mentality
10. Consolacion - Vulgar, imprudent, and
quarrelsome mistress of an alferez
 El filibusterismo
HISTORY CHARACTERS

 October 1887 (begun writing) - while 1. Simoun (Crisostomo Ibarra) – who returns in the
practicing medicine Philippines after 13 years of absence to destroy
 1888 London, made some changes in the Philippine society
the plot 2. Maria Clara – Simoun’s love interest who suffered
 March 29, 1991 - finished the from physical and spiritual abuse for 13 years
manuscript 3. Elias – courageous thoughtful and humble native
 dedicated to the three martyr priests Filipino coming from a persecuted family
4. Basilio – a medical student whose family suffered
from Spanish abuses and ended up becoming
PUBLISHING insensitive to the need of the society
5. Isagani – young student who has high ideals and
 July 5, 1891 Rizal left Brussels for Gent big dreams for the country; symbolized educated
Filipinos, fell in love with Paulita Gomez
because of the following reasons
6. Paulita Gomez – niece of Donya Victorina,
1. the cost of printing in Ghent was
representing aristocrats during the Spanish era;
cheaper than in Brussels chose Juanito over Isagani
2. escape the enticing attraction of 7. Padre Florentino – a virtous priest who took care
Suzanne Jacoby of the cadaver of Simoun
-lived in a comfortable boarding house with 8. Don Custodio de Salazar – Spanish official
Jose Alejandro occupying many positions in the government and
finds pleasure in making Filipinos inferior
 F-Meyer-Van-Loo-Press 9. Placido Penitente – he developed the desire to go
printed El Filibusterismo on abroad
10. Donya Matutinay (Donya Victorina) – epitome of
installment
colonial mentality
basis but had to be suspended
11. Ben Zayb – journalist who believes “he is only
because of deficit funds thinking in the Philippines”
 Valentin Ventura in Paris immediately sent 12. Father Million – A Dominican friar who was
funds for El Fili printing (September vindictive with Placido
18, 1891)

ABOUT

Revenge ---- Sacrifice ---- Reformation

 Indolence of the Filipinos
Contextualized in the saying Rizal wrote “Sobre la
“Wag kang inutil” ; a Indolencia de los Filipinos”
negative trait in which the because they
natives were heavily (Propagandists) argued this
criticized for. view was misguided.

I Rizal’s Arguments :
MISUSED

Indolence” has been misused (little

N CLIMATE
love for work or energy); it’s natural
for humans are not machines
D Hot climate contributes to Filipino
“indolence”; cold climate incites to
labor and action

COLONIZERS O
DISEASE
Indolence was based on bad L
nourishment of forced labor of

E
colonizers Indolence is a chronic malady but not a hereditary
one
apathy of government towards
commerce and agriculture

deprivation of Filipinos in the hands N FEAR

of Spaniards

Evident racial discrimination C Less encourangement and fear

(especially in government positions) to deal with others individuals
frequently perpetuated
E
leads to loss of motivation
incidence of indolence
 FUTURE OF THE FILIPINO NATION

“Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años

Appeal of Rizal to grant requested reforms

Published in La Solidaridad in 4 series (September 30, 1889-January 31, 1890)

Will PH remain a Spanish colony or not?

YES NO
If Spain will grant reforms on When triggered by a revolution
press freedom and PH
representation
Destiny of Philippines in a hundred years from
Rizal’s time
“Mutatis Mutandis”
Advancement of ethical progress by requiring more liberty from Spain
Recognition of Spain’s
contribution in the
Filipinos will be ashamed
betterment of the PH
of what was distinctively
economy; but condemned
their own in order to
Spain’s brutality
admire and praise what
is foreign.
Gradual loss of ancient Philippines will become
tradition, recollections free; independence is
system of writing, songs, short lived since USA will
customary laws, and Filipino nationalism will acquire and conquer the
poetry die nation.
 Philipppine National Heroes
Trial EO No. 75 Submission
La Liga
Under Judge Advocate National Heroes
Filipina General Nicholas de la Committee to Sec. Ricardo
A civic Peña Execution F. Gloria
evaluate notable
organization - Treason, sedition, (Department
formation of illegal
heroes and
organized by Rizal Under Governor of Education
association recommend a
and attended by general Camilo Culture and
- Defender: Lt. Luis de Filipino National
Andres Bonifacio Andrade
Polavieja Sports
Hero

1896 Dec. 29, 1896 1901 1993-1995

July 3, 1892 Dec. 26, 1896 Dec. 30, 1896 March 23, Nov. 22,
1993 1995

Philippine Death Taft Commission List of Heroes

(American 1. Jose Rizal
Revolution Sentence government) 2. Andres Bonifacio
Provoked by the exile notification Declared Rizal as a 3. Emilio Aguinaldo
of Jose Rizal “consummatum est” national hero 4. Apolinario Mabini
It is finished 5. Marcelo H. Del Pilar
6. Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat
Onofre D. Corpuz “ A HERO is someone who”
7. Juan Luna
1. Have a concept of nation and aspiration for freedom
8. Melchora Aquino
2. Defined and contributed to the attainment of a system of a more orderly nation
9. Gabriela Silang
3. Contributes to the attainment of quality of life of Filipinos and Filipino nation
 Philippines
THEN VS NOW
PHOTO COLLAGE ESSAY: Indolence of the Filipino People”

Capture a photo/photos that will show the modern indolence of Filipino people. To observe
anonymity of the subject, you may blur facial attributes.
 What is a photo essay?
A photo essay is a narrative that uses a
group or series of photographs to tell a
story, evoke emotions or emphasize a
specific concept. It is a powerful source
to bring out suppressed problems in the
societies and other issues that are often
overlooked.
Photography essays can be either just
photographs or photographs with
comments, captions or text that
accompany them to complete the story.
Storyboard of Noli Me Tangere/El Filibusterismo
Novel: ____________________
 Term Paper (Critique paper)
Continuing relevance of Noli Me Tangere and El Filiusterismo

 Resemblance of scenes and/or character from the

novels in the status quo
 Consider how the novels relate to a broader issue or
context

 Minimum of 1 page
 Must include a title
 No strict format
Announcement