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20 - Polio

Poliomyelitis, also known as polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus that can cause muscle weakness or the inability to move as a result of damage to motor neurons in the spinal cord. The virus primarily affects children under 5 years of age and can lead to paralysis, usually in the legs. Up to 70% of polio infections do not have any symptoms. Effective vaccines now prevent polio in most countries. For those who had paralytic polio, about 25-50% may develop post-polio syndrome decades later, with symptoms of new muscle weakness, fatigue, pain and difficulty with mobility. There is no cure for post-polio syndrome.

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39 views1 page

20 - Polio

Poliomyelitis, also known as polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus that can cause muscle weakness or the inability to move as a result of damage to motor neurons in the spinal cord. The virus primarily affects children under 5 years of age and can lead to paralysis, usually in the legs. Up to 70% of polio infections do not have any symptoms. Effective vaccines now prevent polio in most countries. For those who had paralytic polio, about 25-50% may develop post-polio syndrome decades later, with symptoms of new muscle weakness, fatigue, pain and difficulty with mobility. There is no cure for post-polio syndrome.

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Julia Salvio
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Affects upper part of cervical SC (C3-C5),

POLIOMYELITIS/POST-
o
diaphragm paralysis (phrenic nerve),
muscles needed for swallowing
POLIO SYNDROME Prevention
 AKA polio/infantile paralysis  Vaccination
o Salk Vaccine (formalin inactivated
 Infectious dse caused by poliovirus
virulent strains)
 Muscle weakness  inability to move
o Sabin vaccine (attenuated live virus) –
 Involves the legs, less commonly the head,
oral, 2 doses 8 wks apart, booster @ 1 yr
neck, and diaphragm
and before schooling
 Up to 70% of infections have no symptoms
Treatment
Cause
 No cure
 Genus Enterovirus known as Poliovirus (PV)
 Long-term rehab
o Colonize the oropharynx and intestines
 Antibiotics to prevent infections, analgesics for
o Incubation: 3-35 days, commonly 6-20
pain
days
Prognosis
Transmission
 Depends on number of surviving motor neurons
 Highly contagious via fecal-oral and oral-oral
 Recovery fastest in children
routes
 Recovery usually 3-6 mos, may continue for
 Most infectious between 7-10 days a and p
several yrs
appearance of symptoms
Post-polio Syndrome
Paralytic Polio
 Between 25-50% can develop symptoms
 High fever, headache, stiffness in the back and
decades p recovery
neck, asymmetrical weakness of various
o Muscle weakness and extreme fatigue
muscles, sensitivity to touch, difficulty
swallowing, muscle pain, loss of superficial and  Slow, progressive disease
deep reflexes, paresthesia, irritability,  Symptoms
constipation, difficulty urinating o Fatigue – m/c
 Paralysis 1-10 days p early symptoms begin, o Muscle/jt pain
progress for 203 more days, usually complete o Weakness
when fever breaks o Difficulty walking/stair climbing
o Children < 5 y/o: Paralysis of one leg o Cold intolerance
o Adults: Quadriplegia o Atrophy
 Spinal Polio – m/c form of paralytic polio o Dressing difficulties
o Viral invasion of motor neurons of ant
horn cell
o Max paralysis rapidly in 2-4 days, usually
involves fever and muscle pain
o DTR typically absent/diminished
 Bulbar Polio – 2% of cases
o CN IX – swallowing, tongue movement,
taste
o CN X – heart, intestines, lungs
o CN XI – upper neck movement
 Bulbospinal Polio

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