Manuel S.
Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City, Philippines
Granted Autonomous Status
CHED CEB Res. 076-2009
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN
SRDR5523
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
DULFO, ALLYSON MAE A. ENGR. EVANGELINE CONSTANTINO
BSCE-V
MWF / 9:30-10:30
JANUARY 27, 2020
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City, Philippines
Granted Autonomous Status
CHED CEB Res. 076-2009
(a) LOCAL STRUCTURES THAT APPLIED PRESTRESSED CONCRETE.
MANILA, Dec. 23 – Movement of goods and services in the central part of Iloilo Province
will soon be faster, safer and convenient when the concrete bridge connecting the towns of
Alimodian and Maasin is completed.
The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Regional Office 6 is hastening
works under Phase II of Aganan Bridge along Mandurriao-San Miguel-Alimodian-Maasin-
Cabatuan Road.
The project in the amount of P100 million involves completion of the 2-lane, 6-span pre-
stressed concrete girder bridge on bored pile foundation with a length of 180.80 lineal
meters, including provision of sidewalk and railings, and construction of slope protection
and bridge approaches.
In his report, DPWH Region 6 Assistant Director Jose Al V. Fruto said that with the present
full swing construction of bridge approach in both sides, as well as slope protection works,
Aganan Bridge is expected for completion by the second quarter of 2018.
The bridge will provide an effective and efficient all-weather transportation of goods and
services between Maasin and Alimodian and neighboring other towns.
"People of the towns of Alimodian and Maasin who used to wait for the high water to
subside during rainy days in order to cross the river and facilitate the delivery of their
products will soon benefit with this bridge project," added Fruto.
Other than the construction of the bridge, the DPWH has upgraded from gravel to concrete
paved the road in Maasin leading to Aganan Bridge for a more comfortable and economical
travel. (DPWH)
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City, Philippines
Granted Autonomous Status
CHED CEB Res. 076-2009
The highest bridge in the Philippines, the new Agas-Agas bridge crosses a deep ravine in the Eastern Visayas
region of the country. Funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency as part of the Philippine-Japan
Friendship Highway Rehabilitation Project, the huge prestressed concrete beam bridge has 246 foot (75 mtr)
and 241 foot (73.5 mtr) high piers.
The scenic location inspired the highway department to build a viewing deck on top of one of the piers in the
middle of the bridge as well as parking areas on both sides with comfort rooms to rest. Future plans include the
possibility of a bungee jump operation from the span.
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City, Philippines
Granted Autonomous Status
CHED CEB Res. 076-2009
(b) FOREIGN STRUCTURES APPLIED PRESTRESSED CONCRETE.
Northam Bridge
The Northam Bridge is a road bridge across the River Itchen in Southampton, England, linking
the suburbs of Northam and Bitterne Manor. The current bridge was the first major prestressed
concrete road bridge to be built in the United Kingdom. The bridge carries the A3024 road as
a dual carriageway, with two lanes on each carriageway.
Prior to the construction of the Northam Bridge, the southernmost bridge across the River
Itchen was at Mansbridge. Mansbridge was the lowest crossing point of the river until the early
18th century, when the Itchen Ferry began operating between Woolston and St Mary's,
downriver of Northam.
The Northam Bridge was the idea of David Lance, who acquired land in Bitterne and built
Chessel House there in 1796. Realising that access to his land was poor, he encouraged the
building of a bridge linking Bitterne Manor to Northam, together with roads from the bridge
to Botley and a further bridge over the River Hamble in Bursledon (and onwards to Portsmouth),
with the fork between the Bursledon and Botley roads passing close to Chessel House. The
Northam Bridge Company was formed in 1796, funded mainly by Portsmouth businessmen.
The new route between Portsmouth and Southampton would be four miles (6 km) shorter than
travelling via Mansbridge, and as a result the proposal to improve transport between the two
important port cities was keenly supported by the Admiralty, especially since this was the time
of the Napoleonic Wars. Consequently, when the Northam Bridge Company sought an Act of
Parliament to build a bridge, the Act was passed quickly.
The 1799 Northam Bridge
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City, Philippines
Granted Autonomous Status
CHED CEB Res. 076-2009
The new roads and bridges were built in 1799, and were
originally operated as toll roads. The first Northam Bridge was of wooden construction.
The Northam Bridge Company spent 1834 and 1885 putting much effort into opposing first the
construction of a swing bridge further down the Itchen and then construction of the Woolston
Floating Bridge. In the case of the former they were successful in the later they were not.[3] The
Northam Bridge company responded to the opening of the Woolston Floating Bridge by
reducing their tolls by three quarters.
The wooden Northam Bridge was replaced in 1889 by an iron bridge at a cost of £9,000.
The bridge remained a toll bridge until 1929 when the ownership was transferred from
the private sector to the Southampton Corporation. The bridge cost the council £79,238 after
arbitration. It was this change of ownership that allowed the first bus route across the River
Itchen to be established in Southampton; Southampton Corporation decided against extending
the existing tram lines across the bridge, opting instead to establish a double-decker
bus service. On 18 March 1941 the bridge was damaged during an air raid.
The modern bridge from the eastern (Bitterne Manor) bank
The iron bridge was replaced in 1954 with a third bridge, made of prestressed concrete, and it is
this bridge that still stands today. The third Northam Bridge was the first major prestressed
concrete road bridge to be built in the UK and cost £600,000. However this figure included
the compulsory purchase of land and about 2,000 feet (610 m) of embankment construction as
well as the bridge construction itself.
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City, Philippines
Granted Autonomous Status
CHED CEB Res. 076-2009
In January 2015 the bridge was partially closed to allow
waterproofing work to be carried out at a cost of £1.2m as part of a national £317m programme
of works dubbed the "pinch-point programme".
Construction and dimensions
The parapets of the first (wooden) bridge were 24 feet (7.3 m) apart, as were those of its
wrought-iron successor.
The third bridge utilised the latest technology available at the time but the style of the bridge
was of the pre-war era. The main deck structure has transverse diaphragms and narrowly spaced
beams, which were pre-cast on site using deflected cables. Pre-cast, pre-stressed slabs, known
as junction slabs or continuity slabs, were placed between the tops of the beams by transverse
stressing over a length where the flanges of the tees were removed. These, together with in
situ diaphragms between the ends of the beams, allowed the deck structure to be made
continuous for live and superimposed loads. After the junction slabs were in place, the main
beams were post-tensioned through the diaphragms.
The cement used to make the concrete in the bridge was Ordinary Portland Cement, which was
both cheaper and resulted in less shrinkage than using rapid-hardening cement. It was used in a
ratio of 1:11⁄2:3 - a mix which used more cement than German and British practice at the time -
and a water-to-cement ratio of 0.3.
The consulting engineers responsible for the new bridge were Rendel Palmer & Tritton, the
same firm used for Waterloo Bridge in London nine years earlier.
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City, Philippines
Granted Autonomous Status
CHED CEB Res. 076-2009
At mid-span, the bridge is 44 feet 4 inches (13.51 m) wide, 4.7
metres above mean high water springs and 9.2 metres above chart datum. The bridge is 148
metres long in total, and the supporting piers are up to 32 metres apart.
Local Legend
The bridge is reportedly haunted by the ghost of a soaking wet young girl. In a local variation of
the classic vanishing hitchhiker urban legend the girl is picked up by police but vanishes from
their car before they arrive at the address she has given. Later inquiries at the address reveal she
has been dead for several months.
REFERENCES:
http://www.freyfil.com.ph/
http://www.dot.state.mn.us/historicbridges/prestressed-concrete.html
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=1PX_3LiDNaAC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=local+structures+in+philippines+applied+prestre
ssed+concrete&source=bl&ots=cd5jkSf7Fa&sig=ACfU3U2FQJiTpWo5VPLPQ4L0JjN_6kvBw
&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitocjit6DnAhVXy4sBHbxhBYwQ6AEwGXoECAkQAQ
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Examples-of-prestressed-concrete-
structures_fig1_309149405
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/prestressed-concrete-structure
