BAB XII
EXPLAINING MEDICATION
1 Pendahuluan
1.1 Deskripsi Singkat
Bab ini akan menguraikan mengenai pengobatan sebagai dasar penting yang diperlukan
dalam menerapkan Asuhan Keperawatan dan sebagai dasar pengetahuan untuk mengikuti
pokok bahasan bab berikutnya dimana pada materi ini difokuskan padapengkajian pasien.
1.2 Relevansi
Sebelum mengikuti perkuliahan dengan pokok bahasan ini diharapkan mahasiswa
sebelumnya sudah mendapatkan materi tentang masalah-masalah kesehatan dan diagnose
keperawatan dimana sebagai dasar pemahaman bagi mahasiswa untuk melaksanakan
penerapan paraktek dalam bahasa Inggris Keperaatan.
1.3 Learning Outcame
Setelah mengikuti perkuliahan ini mahasiswa mampu:
1. Menjelaskan mengenai pengobatan
2. Menjelaskan mengenai lebel dalam obat
2 Penyajian
A. NURSING NOTE
Nursing Note 1
There are different ways of giving medication to the patient.
1. Medication by inhalation.
2. Medication by inunctions ( by rubbing of ointment or oil into the skin).
3. Rectal medication ( a tablet or capsule).
4. Medication by dropper.
5. Medication by injection (IV: intravenous injection, IM: intramuscular injection,
Subcutaneous or hypodermic injection/medication, intracutaneous or intradermal
injection/medication).
6. Sublingual medication (a tablet is placed under patient’s tongue until tablet dissolve).
7. Oral Medication (by placing a tablet or capsule on patient’s tongue, then patient swallows
the medicine following a drink of water)
In this module, we focus on the practice of giving: medication by oral insertion, inhalation,
inunction, and dropper.
Nursing note 2
What is the difference between medicine and drugs?
Medicine : a substance which can cure or prevent disease, replace vital substances that the
body lacks and suppress or relieve symptoms. It is especially in the form of liquid that you drink
to cure an illness.
Drug : a substance used for minor complaints which generally have obvious benefits
and negligible risks; otherwise, most of us would prefer to put up with the complaint. For more
serious diseases, more powerful drugs are required and the risk of adverse reaction is usually
higher.
Capsule : a small container which has a measured amount of medicine inside and which
dissolves when you swallow it.
Pill (syn.tablet): a small flat round piece of medicine that you swallow without chewing it.
Ampoule : a small container usually made of glass containing a drug that will be used for an
injection.
Nursing note 3
The following abbreviations are commonly used by doctors when they prescribe drugs:
Abbreviation Latin meaning English meaning
Ac ante cibum before meals
bid bis in die twice a day
c cum with
cap capsule
h hora hour
hs hora somni hour of sleep(bed time)
“o” orally
od omni die every day
OD oculus dexter right eye
OS oculus sinister left eye
pc post cibum after meals
po per ora by mouth
prn pro re nata when needed
qid quater in die four times a day
q2h every 2 hours
q3h every 3 hours
tid ter in die three times a day
tab tab
MAR Medication Administration Record
Nursing note 4
Where do you find the medicine?
Pharmacy : 1. a shop / store that sells medicines and drugs.
2. a place in a hospital where medicines are prepared
Drugstore : a shop / store that sells medicines and also other types of goods, for example:
cosmetics, toiletries
Dispensary: a place in a hospital, shop/store, etc. Where medicines are prepared for patients.
B. VOCABULARY:
Prescription :(n) resep dokter
Receipt :(n) tanda terima
To relive :(v) menghilangkan (sakit…)
To shake :(v) mengocok (kocok)
One spoonful :satu sendok makan/takar
Pill : (n) pil
Adverse reaction : reaksi penolakan (tubuh) terhadap suatu obat/ kontra
indikasi
Drug : (n) obat (pil-kapsul)
Medicine : (n) obat (cough medicine : obat batuk)
Draught : (n) obat berbentuk cairan
To reduce : (v) mengurangi
C. USEFUL EXPRESSION
Task 1. Oral medication.
Please, take this…..(one tablet per day/ one tablet three times a day, every 8 hours)
Syrup one spoonful …. (three times a day)
To reduce ….(your temperature)
To relieve ….+ (physical problem)
Your pain
Your running nose
Your cold etc
Here are some tablets/pills(which) you are take …. (one) of every ….(eight)hours.
Have you taken the medicine?
Task 2. Giving caution.
“Just tell me if there’s anything you don’t understand and I’ll go over it all”.
You must call the nurse if there is an adverse reaction.
Don’t take this more than ….. (three times/8 tablets in 24 hours).
Don’t use it if it makes …..( a skin rash)
Discontinue if an adverse reaction occurs.
Take these antibiotics all up.
In case (the tablets) make you indigestion, please ….(take them during/after
meals).
Task 3. Patient’s expressions related to medication.
How should I take this ....
What is the use of this ….(tablet, medicine, capsule)?(menanyakan kegunaan
obat).
How to use these ….. (tablets)? (menanyakan dosis)
D. ACTIVITY
Translate this into communicative English.
1. Apakah anda sudah minum obat?
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2. Saya akan memberi obat pereda rasa sakit.
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3. Obat ini diminum sehari tiga kali.
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4. Obat ini diminum setelah makan.
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5. Ini untuk meredakan rasa mual.
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6. Ini diminum bila anda panas saja.
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7. Obat ini diminum bila perlu saja, kalau anda merasa sakit sekali.
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8. Kompres dengan cairan ini pada luka anda.
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9. Berikan tiga tetes saja pada mata anda.
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Hentikan minum obat ini kalau anda merasa gatal-gatal.
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Group Work : Explining Medication
Case: Mr. Anderson is going home with several different drugs. He has been in a hospital to
have intravenous antibiotics for cellulites and needs to have a course of oral antibiotics
(phenoxymethylpenicilin, flucloxacillin and metronidazole). He also takes an antiepileptic
drug (sodium valproate) to control generalized seizures and a diuretic ( torasemide) for
hypertension.
Complete this explanation using these words:
After food – on an empty – stomach – to take – every 8 hours –
every 6 hours – three – two – not allergic – antibiotics –
containers – instructions
Nurse : Mr. Anderson “ The antibiotics for you to take home have come from the pharmacy
and I would like to go over (menjelaskan ) what you need to do (bagaimana dosis yang
harus diminum). There are (1) ……… on the labels, but it helps if we talk about it one by
one as well.
There are(2) ………….separate (3) …………(4)...………..-here look at this(5)
…………..There are (6) ……………penicilins: flucloxacillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin.
You need (7) ……………these(8)……………
and an hour before food or (9)……………..These are the best ones for your infection an you
have already told us that you are (10) ……………..to penicillin. The other antibiotic is
metronidazole, which you need (11) ……….............(12) ………….,but this time with or (13)
………………”
Giving instruction.
a. Make a communication exchange.
b. Give instruction about the dose to take according to the doctor’s prescription.
1. A doctor gave a prescription to
A 65-year-old schoolteacher
With osteoarthritis of the left hip
Tab. Naproxen 250 mg
Mitte 100
Sig. 1 tab. T.i.d.
10. A doctor gave prescription to
A 27-year-old teacher of handicapped children
Suffering from a depressive illness.
Tab.Imipramine 25 mg
Mitte 100
Sig. 1 tab. T.i.d
11. A doctor gave a prescription to a 52-year-old cook with carcinoma
of bowel.
Colostomy bags
Mitte 50
12. A doctor gave a prescription to an insulin-dependent 11-year-old
girl accompanied by her parents.
Human soluble insulin
100 IU/ml
Mitte 10 ml x 4
Sig. 6 IU a.m.
4 IU p.m.
13. A doctor gave a prescription to a hypertensive 50-year-old director
of small company.
Tab. Metoprolol 100 mg
Mitte 100
Sig. 1 b.i.d.
14. A doctor gave a prescription to a 6-year-old baby boy suffering
from atopic eczema, accompanied by his parents.
Hydrocortisone cream 1%
Mitte 30 g
Sig. Apply thinly to the affected area b.i.d
15. A doctor gave a prescription to A 23-year-old lorry driver affected
by epilepsy
Tab. Carbamazepine 400 mg
Mitte 60 g
Sig. 1 tab. b.i.d
Giving instruction and caution.
a. Read the following instruction label
b. Make a conversation exchange using to the label instruction
c. Use the clue given below.
N : Nurse C : Client
C : Ask N about the use of the tablets.
N : Explain the use of the tablets.
C : ask the dose of the tablets.
N : explain C the dose.
N : Give cautionary advice.
Conversation 1.
INSTRUCTION LABEL
B-2 COLD TABLETS
Use : Relieves nasal congestion, running nose, watery eyes, and sneezing
Associated with common colds and hay fever.
Dosage : 2 tablets to start, followed by 1 tablet every 4 hours, not to exceed 8
tablets in 24 hours.
Children : 6 – 12 yrs. One half adult dosage
Continue treatment for 72 hours. This preparation may cause drowsiness. Do not
drive or operate machinery while taking this medication.
Conversation 2.
COUGH SYRUP ( COUGH MEDICINE)
Use : For the relief of coughs due to colds. If cough lasts more than a week,
consult your physician.
Dosage :
Adult : 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls.
Children : 2-6 years ½ teaspoonful.
6-12 years ½ to 1 teaspoonful.
May be repeated in 4 hours, if necessary, but not more than
4 times in 24 hours.
Conversation 3.
INSTRUCTION LABEL
NASAL SPRAY
Adults : Spray once or twice in each nostril with head upright. Squeeze
bottle quickly and firmly.
Children : Spray once. Not recommended for children under 6.
The use of this dispenser by more than one person may spread infection.
Conversation 4.
DEEP HEAT
Penetrating pain relief. Relieves muscular aches and pains.
Direction : Spread liberally over painful areas. Repeat every 4 hours if
needed.
Warning : For external use only.
Discontinue if skin rash or itching occurs.
Nurse’s Responsibilities Associated with the Drug Order
1. Verification of the drug order
The nurse has to interpret a prescription and makes a professional judgment on its
acceptability. Judgments must be made regarding the type of drug, the therapeutic intent, the
usual dose and the mathematical and physical preparation the dose. The nurse must also
evaluate the method of administration in relation to the patient’s physical condition, as well
as any allergies and the patient’s disability to tolerate the dosage form. If any part of an
order is vague, the physician who wrote the order should be consulted for further
clarification. Patient safety is of primary importance and the nurse assumes responsibility for
verification and safety of the medication order. If, after gathering all possible information, it
is concluded that it is inappropriate to administer the medication as ordered, the prescribing
physician should be notified immediately. An explanation should be given why the order
should not be executed. If the physician cannot be contacted or does not change the order,
the nurse should notify the director of nurses and/ or the nursing supervisor on duty. The
reasons refusal to administer the drug should be recorded in accordance with the policies of
the employing institution.
a. What must be checked when reading the drug order from the physician?
b. What must be checked related to the patient when a nurse makes verification?
c. What do you do when the prescription is not clear?
d. Can a nurse make a refusal to administer the drug? In what condition?
2. Transcription of the drug
After verification of an order, a nurse or another designated person transcribes the order
from the physician’s order sheet onto a Medication Administration Record (MAR)
3. Right Drug
Many drugs have similar spellings and variable concentration. Before the administration of the
medication, it is imperative to compare the exact spelling and concentration of the prescribed
drug with the medication card or drug profile and medication container. Regardless of the drug
distribution system used, the drug label should be read at least three times.
3 Penutup
Aktifitas Kelas → TugasIndi Kelompok
Mahasiswa mengerjakan tugas secra berkelompok untuk mengejakan latihan
yang ada.
Penjelasan harus menggambarkan :
Pembacaan lebel obat dengan benar
Soal Evaluasi
1. Jelaskanlah mengenai pengobatan
2. Jelaskanlah mengenai lebel obat
4 Catatan Kaki
Leo Pramudya (2005) English for Professional Nurses 1&2, Jakarta : EPN Consultannt.
Maria S. Symonds & Ros Wright(2012) English for Nursing England: Pearson Longman
