Saint Columban’s College
Lingayen, Pangasinan
S.Y. 2019-2020
Performance Task in General Chemistry 2
Science Investigatory Project
(Chapter 1-3)
Betel (Piper betel) leaves, Tagumbao (Jatropha curcas) seeds and
EUCALYPTUS (Eucalyptus globulus) leaves
Extract as A Mosquito Repellent
Peralta, Yvette Roseanne D.
St. Benedict (STEM)
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Betel (Piper betel) leaves that have been known since 600 BC contain
antiseptic substances that can kill bacteria so that it is widely used as an
antibacterial and anti fungal agent. Some literature mentions that betel leaf
which is the main ingredient of this betel has styptic properties (resist
bleeding), vulnerary (heals skin wounds), stomachic (digestive tract medicine),
strengthens teeth, and cleanses the throat. There are also those who say that
the betel leaf besides having the ability of antiseptic, have the strength as an
antioxidant and fungicide. Betel leaf extract contains substances that can
function as larvasida and pupasida of Aedes aegypti mosquito.
Tagumbao (Jatropha curcas) belongs to family Euphorbiaceae, Jatropha
curcas is a valuable multipurpose crop, historically it was used as medicine for
wounds and leaves used as drinks against malaria, jatropha plants used to
control
soil degradation, alleviate erosion, desertification and increase soil fertility,
however, in last decades there is more attention to use jatropha oil for produce
bio-diesel, Jatropha curcas is easily propagated by seeds or stem cutting, it is
tolerant for drought for longtime, it is grow well with treated waste water, also,
it can be grown on marginal land. Jatropha curcas seed have about 32-40%
valuable oil used to produce bio-fuel, therefore, it could be the source for bio-
diesel production particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Jatropha curcas’
seeds are also used to produce insecticides, a medicine for constipation, etc.
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) is a fast-growing evergreen tree native to
Australia. As an ingredient in many products, it is used to reduce symptoms of
coughs, colds, and congestion. It also features in creams and ointments aimed
at relieving muscle and joint pain. The oil that comes from the eucalyptus tree
is used as an antiseptic, a perfume, as an ingredient in cosmetics, as a
flavoring, in dental preparations, and in industrial solvents. Chinese, Indian
Ayurvedic, Greek, and other European styles of medicine have incorporated it
into the treatment of a range of conditions for thousands of years. There are
over 400 different species of eucalyptus. Eucalyptus globulus, also known as
Blue Gum, is the main source of eucalyptus oil used globally. Leaves are steam
distilled to extract the oil, which is a colorless liquid with a strong, sweet,
woody scent. It contains 1,8-cineole, also known as eucalyptol. The leaves also
contain flavonoids and tannin's; flavonoids are plant-based antioxidants, and
tannin’s may help to reduce inflammation. Although native to Australia, this
popular tree now grows in many areas of the world. It has a gum-infused bark,
long stems, and circular leaves that are hard to digest if eaten whole. However,
eucalyptus leaves can be made into a tea that is safe for consumption.
Additionally, the leaves can be made into essential oil for topical use or
inhalation. Eucalyptus tea is high in flavonoids, which are antioxidants that
may lower your risk of certain cancers, heart disease, and dementia.
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) contains a compound called eucalyptol,
which has been found to decrease nasal congestion, cough frequency, and
cold-related headaches. It may also improve asthma symptoms, although more
research is needed. Eucalyptus oil is associated with decreased blood pressure
and anxiety. It is believed to activate the parasympathetic nervous system,
which promotes relaxation. It contains a compound called eucalyptol, which
has been shown to repel mosquitoes and other biting insects.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to test the capability of Betel, Tagumbao seeds, and
Eucalyptus as an effective mosquito repellent. Specifically, this research ought
to answer the following problems:
1. Can Betel (Piper betel) leaves, Tagumbao (Jatropha curcas) seeds, and
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) leaves extract be an effective mosquito
repellent?
2. Is there significant difference between Betel (Piper betel) leaves,
Tagumbao (Jatropha curcas) seeds, and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
globulus) leaves extract mosquito repellent and other commercial
mosquito repellent in terms of:
a. Efficiency of mosquito repellent
b. Amount of CO2 product
3. Is there any difference between this mosquito repellent to other
commercial mosquito killer such as:
a. Cutter Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent
b. Sawyer Picaridin Insect Repellent Spray
c. DEET
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study on Betel leaves, Tagumbao seeds, and Eucalyptus’ leaves
extract as an effective mosquito repellent could be highly significant and
beneficial specifically to the following:
Future Researchers. The outcome of this study will serve as a good source of
useful information and help them understand the purpose why this study was
conducted. That can also serve a guide for the researchers in conducting a
similar study.
Children. Through this study, children will be safe against mosquito-carrying
diseases that may affect their health. And to possibly reduce the number of
children suffering from mosquito-borne diseases such as, dengue fever,
malaria, chikungunya, etc.
Teenagers and Adults. Through the help of this study, teenagers and adults
will somehow be safe against these life-threatening mosquitoes which is one of
the big problem in our lives.
Administration. This study will motivate them to share the product to the
people who mostly need it.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study was conducted during the school year, 2019-2020. It focuses
on determining the effectiveness of Betel (Piper betel) leaves, Tagumbao
(Jatropha curcas) seeds, and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) leaves as a
mosquito repellent. Mosquitoes are chosen as the prospects as they are
dangerous because of their mosquito-borne diseases.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of this study is to determine the efficiency of this mosquito
repellent. The study seeks to attain the following objectives:
1. to determine if this study on making a mosquito repellent is effective
2. to know if there is significant difference between Betel leaves, Tagumbao
seeds, and Eucalyptus leaves extract made as a mosquito repellent and
other commercial mosquito repellent in terms of:
a. Efficiency of mosquito repellent
b. Amount of CO2 product
3. to see if there is any difference between this mosquito repellent and other
commercial mosquito repellents such as:
a. Cutter Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent
b. Sawyer Picaridin Insect Repellent Spray
c. DEET
4. to develop a mosquito repellent made of Betel leaves, Tagumbao seeds,
and Eucalyptus leaves that have same features and quality as other
commercial mosquito repellent.
HYPOTHESIS
If Betel (Piper betel) leaves, Tagumbao (Jatropha curcas) seeds, and
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) leaves will be extracted to its natural
components and made as a mosquito repellent; observing it by applying the
product over a subject that a mosquito might easily approach, if it repels the
mosquito away, we can conclude than it is an effective mosquito repellent.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Antiseptic. A substance that stops or slows down the growth of
microorganisms.
Antibacterial. Anything that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or
their ability to reproduce.
Antioxidant. A substance that inhibits oxidation, especially one used to
counteract the deterioration of stored food products.
Fungicide. Pesticides that kill or prevent the growth of fungi and their spores.
Aedes aegypti. Mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika
fever, Mayaro and yellow fever agents, and other disease agents.
Eucalyptol. An organic compound which is a colorless liquid. It is a cyclic
ether and a monoterpene. It is a natural constituent of a number of aromatic
plants and their essential oil fraction.
Flavonoids. Group of plant metabolites thought to provide health benefits
through cell signaling pathways and antioxidant effects.
Repellent. A substance that deters insects or other pests from approaching or
settling.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The preceding ideas and insights guided the researchers in the
formulation of the study. A paradigm showing the flow of the study is drawn to
have the needed purpose.
The research paradigm on the next page presents three components of
the study that shows the input, process, and the output.
INPUT
Gathering of Betel leaves, Tagumbao seeds, and
Eucalyptus leaves
PROCES
Steam Extraction
S of Oil extraction
distillation of Tagumbao of Eucalyptus
betel leaves seeds
Mixing all
ingredients
Add ethanol
OUTPUT
Testing the
effectiveness of
the mosquito
repellent
THEORETICAL
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature
Local Literature
Foreign Studies
Local Studies
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Bibliography
Literature Cited
References
links
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331411020_Jatropha_curcas_an_overview
https://www.aumkiipure.com/jatropha-tree/uses-of-jatropha/
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/266580
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/eucalyptus-leaves#section8
