ISSN(Online): 2319-8753
ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2016
Soil Stabilization of Clayey Soil Using Jute
Fibre and Gypsum
Akhil Goyal 1, Ved Parkash 2, Vishal Kumar3
P.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Geeta Institute of Management & Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana,
India1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Geeta Institute of Management & Technology, Kurukshetra,
Haryana, India2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Geeta Institute of Management & Technology, Kurukshetra,
Haryana, India3
ABSTRACT: Generally clay has undesirable engineering properties like low bearing capacity and high compressibility.
Thus the improvement of soil at a site is necessary. There are many stabilizers to improve the strength of soil like jute,
gypsum, fly ash, rise-husk ash, cement, lime, used rubber tyres etc. In the present study, we added jute as stabilizer and
gypsum as additive to improve the properties of Expansive soil. Locally available expansive soil is used in this study.
The objectives of this study are to improve the strength of the expansive soil by making soil- jute and soil-jute-gypsum
mixture. Twelve specimens are prepared to investigate the properties of soil out of which four specimens are prepared
by adding 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of jute with length of approximately 2cm and the remaining specimens are prepared
by adding 5% and 10% gypsum in each of the above sample with approximate length of 2cm of jute. Standard proctor
test and unconfined compressive strength test are conducted to analyze the optimum moisture content (OMC),
Maximum dry density (MDD) and compressive strength of soil mixture.
KEYWORDS: OMC, MDD, Compaction, Fibre, UCS, Gypsum.
I. INTRODUCTION
Many part around the globe such as India, U.S.A. Egypt etc. are facing problems in construction work due to
clayey soil. Damage to the light structures and road pavement has been reported. Replacement of soil with suitable one
and disposal of the former is costly process and this is critical in developing country like ours where construction cost
is quite high.
Moreover pavement on clayey soil requires a greater thickness of base and sub-base course which results
increases the expenditure of project. To set right this problem it becomes mandatory to increase the strength of the soil
which in-turn will help in lessening the thickness of the pavement layers and thus project cost.
Two common additives which are widely used in stabilizing the soil are cement and lime. Lime is preferred
over cement stabilization because lime is cheaper than cement and Carbon-Di-Oxide (C02), which causing detrimental
to the environment, is emitted during the production of cement. Lime stabilization is requires adequate clay content and
a relatively high curing temperature and hence it is more suitable for tropical and sub-tropical countries like India.
Cement is generally used where clay content in soil is comparatively less and the temperature is relatively less.
Researches are going on for alternative by-products to cement and lime which not only satisfy the engineering
requirements and cause no pollution but also be cost effective.
Present thesis makes the use of both Jute and Gypsum with soil and finds the changes in the soil properties.
Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0508209 15513
ISSN(Online): 2319-8753
ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2016
II. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The study is focused on
1. Improvement of locally available soil using some eco-friendly and cheap waste materials.
2. Evaluation of strength characteristics of virgin as well as blended soil using different percentage of jute and
gypsum.
3. Determination of appropriate jute and gypsum content ratio to achieve the maximum gain in strength of soil.
III. MATERIAL COLLECTION
SOIL
Nearly 50 Kg of locally available clayey soil was collected from Kurukshetra and thoroughly hand sorted to
eliminate the vegetative matters and pebbles. Then the soil was sieved through 4.75mm sieve to remove the gravel
fraction. Soil was oven dried for 24 hours before execution of geotechnical tests.
Table 1. Physical Properties of Soil
S. No. Parameters Result
1. Light Compaction Test
I. MDD (gm/cc) 1.62
II. OMC (%) 24.4
2. Liquid Limit (%) 49.67
3. Plastic Limit (%) 20.69
4. Plasticity Index (%) 28.98
5. Specific Gravity 2.67
6. Indian Soil Classification CI
JUTE
Jute Fibres have been purchased from the market of Kurukshetra. The Fibres are cut into pieces of
approximately 20mm lengths and are mixed in percentage of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by dry weight of soil.
Table 2. Properties of Experimental Fibre
Property Range/Value
Fibre length, mm 20 mm
Fibre Diameter, mm 0.3 – 0.45
Specific Gravity 1.3
Bulk Density, Kg/m3 1300
Ultimate tensile strength, N/mm2 3400
Modulus of Elasticity, N/mm2 72
Elongation at Break, (%) 2-3
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ISSN(Online): 2319-8753
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
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Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2016
GYPSUM
Gypsum has been purchased from the market of Kurukshetra. The properties of Gypsum is given in Table 3
Table 3. Physical Properties of Gypsum
Chemical Classification Sulphate
Color Clear, Colorless, White, Gray, Yellow, Red, And Brown.
Cleavage Perfect
Mohs Hardness 2
Specific Gravity 2.3
Chemical Composition Hydrous Calcium Sulphate, CaSO4.2H2O
Crystal System Monoclinic
Uses Use to Manufacture dry wall, Plaster, Joint Compound, An agriculture soil
treatment.
IV. METHODOLOGY
Compaction Test
This Phase of Study involved a detailed investigation of the compaction characteristics of the parent soil and
blended sample containing different length of jute and gypsum contents, in order to obtain the optimum moisture
contents and maximum dry densities. The optimum moisture contents thus obtained is used in preparing samples for
Unconfined Compressive Strength Test. This test confirms to IS: 2720 (Part 7)1980.
Unconfined Compressive Strength
After the compaction test the compressive strength of the sample is measured. Cylindrical specimen is
compacted by static compaction in 3.8 cm diameter and 7.6 cm high mould. The inner surface of the mould is
lubricated with mobile oil so as to extrude the sample from mould with minimum disturbance. The sample is placed
inside the specimen mould in seven layers using spoon, leveled and gently compacted. Pressure pad will be inserted
into the mould and the whole assembly will be statically compacted in loading frame to the desired density. The sample
is to be kept under static load for not less than 10 minutes in order to account for any subsequent increase in height of
sample due to swelling. The sample will then be removed from the mould with the help of sample extruder. Initial
dimensions are measured.
V. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The Compaction and UCS values of soil and soil reinforced with different combinations of Jute fiber and Gypsum
determined in the laboratory. The interpretation of tests result have been discussed in the following sections with
Graphical Results:
A. Effect of Fibre content and Gypsum on MDD and OMC
From the proctor test, it has been observed that the maximum dry density (MDD) increases by the addition of jute
in parent soil upto a certain percentage, after that it gradually decreases and the optimum moisture content varies at
each percentage. Initially the OMC & MDD of the parent soil were 24.4% & 1.62 gm/cc respectively according to
the proctor test conducted. But after the addition of jute with gradual increase in jute percentage with constant
length of jute 2cm, it is observed that the maximum dry density increases with addition of 0.5 and 1 percent of jute
fibre but with further increase in jute percentage MDD starts to decreases. It is also been observed that the
optimum moisture content varies with addition of jute. Further with the addition of gypsum with the above jute
mixture, it shows increment in the optimum moisture content of the respective jute mixture.
Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0508209 15515
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ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
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Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2016
1.85
1.8
Maximum Dry Density gm/cc
1.75
1.7
Jute Fibre + 0%
1.65
Gypsum
1.6 Jute Fibre + 5%
1.55 Gypsum
Jute Fibre + 10%
1.5 Gypsum
1.45
1.4
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Jute Fibre %
Fig 1. Graph Showing Maximum Dry Density Relationship with Different Percentage of Jute Fibres and
Gypsum Mixed with Parent Soil
35
Optimum Moisture Content %
30
Jute Fibre + 0%
25 Gypsum
Jute Fibre + 5%
Gypsum
20
Jute Fibre + 10%
Gypsum
15
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Jute Fibre %
Fig 2. Graph Showing Optimum Moisture Content Relationship with Different Percentage of Jute Fibres and
Gypsum Mixed with Parent Soil
Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0508209 15516
ISSN(Online): 2319-8753
ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2016
1.85
1.8
Maximum Dry Density gm/cc
1.75
1.7 Gypsum + 0.5
% Jute
1.65
Gypsum + 1 %
1.6 Jute
Gypsum + 1.5
1.55 % Jute
1.5 Gypsum + 2 %
Jute
1.45
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Gypsum %
Fig 3. Graph Showing Maximum Dry Density Relationship with Different Percentage of Gypsum and Jute Fibre
Mixed with Parent Soil
35
Optimum Moisture Content %
30
25 Gypsum + 0.5
% Jute
Gypsum + 1 %
20
Jute
Gypsum + 1.5
% Jute
15 Gypsum + 2 %
Jute
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Gypsum %
Fig 4. Graph Showing Optimum Moisture Content Relationship with Different Percentage of Gypsum and Jute
Fibre Mixed with Parent Soil
B. Effect of Fibre and Gypsum on UCS
From UCS test conducted for the same sample as described in proctor test, the strength of samples shows increasing
tendency for some samples with the increment of jute percentage in the soil i.e.; for parent soil strength obtained 1.18
Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0508209 15517
ISSN(Online): 2319-8753
ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2016
kg/cm2. For the jute-soil mixture and jute-gypsum mixture shows incremental results in the compressive strength as
compared to the parent soil.
4
3.5
2.5 Jute Fibre + 0%
UCS Kg/Cm2
Gypsum
2 Jute Fibre + 5%
Gypsum
1.5 Jute Fibre + 10%
Gypsum
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Jute Fibre %
Fig 5. Graph Showing Unconfined Compressive Strength Relationship with Different Percentage of Jute Fibres
and Gypsum Mixed with Parent Soil
3.5
3
UCS Kg/ Cm2
2.5
Gypsum + 0.5 %
2 Jute
Gypsum + 1 %
1.5 Jute
Gypsum + 1.5 %
1 Jute
Gypsum + 2 %
0.5 Jute
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Gypsum %
Fig 6. Graph Showing Maximum Dry Density Relationship with Different Percentage of Gypsum and Jute Fibre
Mixed with Parent Soil
Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0508209 15518
ISSN(Online): 2319-8753
ISSN (Print): 2347-6710
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2016
VI. CONCLUSION
In This thesis, strength characteristics of soil-jute-gypsum have been studied. The following conclusion can be made
based on the test result obtained from jute-gypsum stabilized clayey soil:-
1. With the addition of jute percentage in the soil the maximum dry density increases up to 1% and the optimum
moisture content decreases. But with further addition of jute percentage in the soil the maximum dry density
starts to decreases with an increase in optimum moisture content.
2. Further with addition of gypsum in soil-jute mixture the maximum dry density increases and the optimum
moisture content decreases.
3. In UCS, the strength of soil-jute mixture increase at 0.5% of jute fibre addition and beyond that it decreases.
Further with the addition of gypsum in the mixture the compressive strength increases suddenly.
4. Gypsum not only acts as a activator in this case but also reduces the plasticity of the soil.
5. Soil-jute and soil-jute-gypsum specimen fails by formation of vertical cracks.
REFERENCES
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2. Aziz, M.A. And Ramaswamy, S.D. (1984), Studies, On Jute Fabric Upon Coir Grid Matting For Sub Grade Streng. Henin (In French), Journal
Revue Generale Routes ET Des Aerodromes, Paris, Issue No. 59e, Annee, Pp 775-779.
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