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Indian Food Glossary
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Popular Indian Dishes
Achar: Any kind of pickle
Aloo: Potato
Biryani: A fancy rice casserole, often containing meat, poultry, seafood or vegetables
Chapati/Roti: Thin bread cooked on the griddle
Dal: Any kind of legume--beans, peas, or lentils
Dosa: Crispy, crepe-like southern Indian specialty filled with potatoes or vegetables
Ghee: Clarified butter
Gosht: Meat
Korma: Braised meats in a thick, mild creamy sauce
Kulcha: Tender, pita-like bread cooked in the tandoor
Lassi: A refreshing, creamy yogurt drink that can be sweet or salty
Masala: Spice blend
Naan: Flat, oval bread cooked in the tandoor
Pakora: Fritter dipped in a spicy chickpea batter; can be made with vegetables, cheese,
chicken or seafood
Paneer: Cheese
Pappadum: Spicy lentil wafers
Paratha: Flaky bread fried on the griddle
Poori: Airy, deep-fried bread
Pulao: An aromatic rice pilaf
Raita: A yogurt-based condiment usually containing vegetables
Rasam: A thin, spicy broth
Saag: Spinach, but can also refer to other greens
Sambar: An extremely spicy broth popular in southern India
Samosa: Flaky, pyramid-shaped pastry stuffed with potatoes or ground meat; a traditional
Indian snack
Tandoor: A deep, clay oven that has very high temperatures
Tandoori: Any dish cooked in a tandoor
Vindaloo: An extremely spicy curry dish that's a regional specialty of Goa
A to Z Glossary
Aachar: Indian Pickles are mainly made with vegetables and fruits like mango, lime, green
chilies etc. Made mostly during the summer in India, they are a spicy and delightful addition
to the Indian meal. One has to get aquatinted with the strong flavors of most pickles, so do
try one.
Adrak: Ginger
Appam: Wafer thin, round and flat. They are usually made out of rice, potato and/or various
lentil flours
Aloo: Potato
Aloo chole: A vegetarian dish using chickpeas, potatoes, and tamarind.
Am: Mango
Am chur: Mango powder. A sour flavoring agent.
Appam: Wafer thin, round and flat. They are usually made out of rice, potato and/or various
lentil flours
Ata (Atta): Chapatti flour. Fine whole meal flour used in most Indian breads.
Avial: Vegetable curry from the south of India
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Bandai: Aniseed stars.
Badam: Almond
Bagar or Tadka or Chounk: Spices and herbs are added one at a time to hot oil and this
tempering is either done as the first step in the cooking process, before adding the
vegetables for example, or as the last, pouring the tempered oil over a cooked dish. The oil
extracts and retains all the sharp flavors of the spices and flavors the entire dish.
Balchao as in the Goan recipe Prawn Balchao where the shrimp is marinated in a brine
sauce: a Goan specialty where vegetables like aubergines or seafood like prawns are
"pickled" in sugar, vinegar and spices for a day or two before eating.
Barfi: A dessert made from milk that has been cooked slowly and reduced to a fudge-like
consistency. This sweet is flavored with either saffron, vanilla essence, cocoa, rose water,
etc. Sometimes nuts and fresh coconut is added. Eaten and served in bite-sized pieces
"Barfi" is a very popular after dinner dessert. Just like bringing a bottle fine wine when you
visit someone for the first time, a decorative box filled with different kinds of "Barfi" is a
traditional gift in India.
Basmati rice: Basmati rice is authentic Indian long grained white rice, which has unique
nutty flavor. Basmati rice is very popular in India and all over the world. A wide variety of
rice dishes are made with Basmati rice. They are: plain steamed rice, pulaos, pilafs, biryanis
or just different types of fried rice – which include meat, vegetables, nuts, and even fruits
sometimes. Gourmet cooks prefer to use Basmati rice for its fragrant flavor. Special
occasion rice dishes are mostly made with Basmati rice.
Besan: Chickpea flour.
Bhaaji or Sabji: Deep-fried vegetable dipped in a seasoned batter – usually made with
onion.
Bahare: Stuffed
Bharta: A spicy vegetable dish, with a pulp like consistency. A commonly made bharta is a
"baingan" (eggplant) bharta.
Bhel Puri: One of Bombay’s favorite snack’s. It is a mixture of puffed rice, "sev", "puri",
lentils, finely chopped onions, chopped coriander topped with two kinds of chutneys; one is
the sweet tamarind date chutney and the other is the spicy cilantro chutney.
Bhuna or Bhunao: is to sauté or stir-fry. Usually onions, tomatoes, ginger, garlic and green
chilies are fried in oil, but to make sure that this doesn’t stick, burn or cook unevenly, a
small amount of liquid is added, repeatedly. After the oil separates from the mixture, the
main ingredient (meat or vegetable) is added and cooked.
Biryani: Elaborate dish made from spiced saffron rice cooked with pieces of lamb, chicken or
vegetables. It is usually made on special occasions since it takes a long time to make a
biryani, but it is surely worth the effort. It always tastes better the next day since the spices
marinate and flavor the meat and rice.
Bombay Duck: A smallish fish native to the Bombay area known locally as Bommbil. It is
dried and appears on the table as a crispy shallow-fried starter or as an accompaniment to a
curry.
Bondas or Vadas: Round deep-fried savory snack made in different varieties usually from
lentils, potatoes etc. eaten with a chutney.
Boti Kebab: Marinated boneless cubes of meat cooked in a tandoor.
Brinjol: Eggplant
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Cassia Bark: A corky bark with a sweet fragrance similar to cinnamon and is used
extensively in Northern Indian cookery.
Cayenne pepper: A type of chili powder.
Ceylon curry: Usually cooked with coconut, chili, and lemon.
Chaamp: Chop.
Chakla Belan: A special rolling pin and board.
Chamcha: Spoon or ladle.
Channa: Chickpea.
Chaat: Salty snacks served with an array of sweet and spicy chutneys.
Chai: Indian tea.
Chapatti: Unleavened Indian flatbread made with wheat flour, water, oil and salt. Usually
cooked on a "tava" or thick griddle and brushed with "ghee".
Chaval: Rice.
Chhalni: Sieve
Chili: There are a great many species of chilies, which are the fleshy pods of shrub-like
bushes of the capsicum family. Chilies range from large to small and colors include green,
white, purple, pink, and red. Chilies are the most important heat agent in Indian cooking.
They vary in hotness from mild to incendiary-like potency. Most commonly used are the
small, fresh green or red chilies. Red chilies can be dried and used whole, and chili powder
is made from grinding dried chilies.
Chimta: Tongs
Chutney: Fresh relishes made with fruits, vegetables, and herbs.
Curry: To Indians, the term curry means gravy or sauce, Curries are what made Indian
cuisine famous all over the world, the most famous of all is the Chicken Curry. Residents of
the rest of the world, however, have come to think of "curry" as simply a thick creamy
yellow sauce or any dish seasoned with a curry-powder blend, whether it has a sauce or
not. An authentic Indian curry is an intricate combination of a stir-fried wet masala (mixture
of onion, garlic, ginger, and tomatoes), various spices and seasonings with which meat,
poultry, vegetables or fish is prepared to produce a stew-type dish.
Curry leaves: (Not to be confused with the curry spice blend) The curry leaf plant is a
tropical tree of the citrus family. The long slender leaflets that look a little like bay leaves
are dark green on top and paler underside. The leaves have a strong, warm curry
(combination of nuts and lemons) aroma when bruised or rubbed.
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Dahi: Yogurt
Dal: Dal is an Indian word, which includes dried peas, beans, and lentils that are red, yellow
orange, or pink, plus split peas and other legumes. Dal can also be used to describe a soup
like dish prepared with lentils. Dals are the primary source of protein in a vegetarian diet.
Dals are cooked whole or pureed, depending on the dish. Ground powdered dal is used in
unleavened breads and crackers, and even in spice mixtures
Dalchini or Darchim: Cinnamon
Dewa: Lentils. There are over sixty types of lentils. The most common types are masoor,
channa, and urid.
Dhania: Coriander
Dhansak: Traditional chicken or meat dish cooked in lentil and vegetable puree.
Doroo: Celery
Dosa: A popular delicacy from southern India made from rice and "urad" dal. They are
usually made very thin and pancake-like and sometimes filled with a spiced potato mixture.
Served with chutney and "sambar".
Dum: A way to steam foods in a pot with a tightly covered lid or a sealed pot. A popular
spiced vegetable dish is "Dum Aloo". In the olden days, the utensil was sealed with atta
(dough) to capture the moisture within the food as it cooked slowly over a charcoal fire.
Some coal was placed on the lid to ensure even cooking. The food continued to cook in its
own steam, retaining all its flavor and aroma. Dum means, "to steam" or "mature" a dish.
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Ekuri: Indian version of scrambled eggs, which obviously means the addition of onions and
spices.
Elaichi: Cardamom
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Feni: The Goan drink made from cashews or coconut is the perfect beach drink. It was
originally a very basic and local drink, much like toddy.
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Gajar: Carrot
Garam Masala: A North Indian spice blend, literally meaning, "hot mixture".
Ghee: Clarified butter.
Gobhi: Cauliflower.
Goor or gur: Jaggery (palm sugar) or molasses.
Gosht: Lamb
Gram flour: Chickpea flour.
Gulab Jamun: Deep-fried cake balls served with aromatic syrups.
Gurda: Kidney.
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Haldi or Huldi: Turmeric. Haldi is a very important Indian spice. It is the basis for all Indian
curry spice blends.
Halvah: Indian sweet made from a variety of finely grated vegetables, milk, and sugar and
flavored with cardamom. The consistency is that of a thick pudding. Among the popular
halvah is the "Gajar Halvah".
Hing: Asafetida is the dried gum resin of an East Indian plant. It has a strong odor and the
flavor is a little like "spicy garlic. Usually just a pinch is used for cooking mainly fish,
vegetables and making "Indian pickles". It is available in a yellow powdered form.
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Idli: South Indian steamed rice cakes: a very popular snack from the south of India.
Generally eaten with "sambar" and "chutney".
Imli: Tamarind.
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Jaifal or Taifal: Nutmeg
Jal frezi: Sauté or stir-fry.
Jalebi: These sweet crisp round whirls, made from plain flour and water deep-fried and then
dipped in sugar syrup, served hot or cold, make a favorite Indian dessert.
Javatri: Mace.
Jeera or zeera: Cumin.
Jinga: Prawns or shrimp.
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Kachumber: Indian salad usually made with cucumber, tomatoes, and onions flavored with
salt, sugar and lemon juice.
Kabli channa: Chickpeas.
Kaddu kas: Grater.
Kadhi: Yogurt soup.
Kaju or Kajoo: Cashew nut.
Kala: Black.
Kala jeera: Black cumin seeds.
Kala namak: Black salt.
Kaleji: Liver.
Kalongi: Nigella, similar to wild onion seeds.
Karanji: Pastries made out of whole-wheat flour and filled with a cooked mixture of freshly
grated coconut and sugar. It is a Maharashtrian delicacy.
Karela: Small, dark green, knobby vegetable of the gourd family.
Kashmir Chicken: Whole chicken stuffed with minced meat.
Katori: Small serving bowls which go on a thaali (tray).
Kebabs: Marinated and spiced small pieces of any meat, poultry, fish, ground meat,
vegetables, skewered and grilled in a tandoor/oven or over a grill. Kebabs can also be
shallow fried over a pan.
Keema: Ground meat, raw or cooked.
Kheer: Essentially a rice pudding, made with rice, milk and sugar flavored with cardamom.
Sometimes nuts are added. Served either hot or cold.
Khoya: Also known as "mawa" is made by bringing milk to a boil in a pot and stirring
continuously thereafter on a low flame. It is then reduced and thickened to the consistency
of soft cream cheese. Used widely in the making of many Indian desserts and sweet meats.
Khurzi: Lamb or chicken, whole with spicy stuffing.
Kish mish: Sultanas
Koftas: Spiced meat or vegetable balls deep-fried and served with a curry sauce.
Kokum: A variety of plum, pitted and dried. They are very sour.
Korma: Rich sauce thickened with yogurt, nuts or poppy seeds, fragrantly seasoned with
aromatic spices.
Kulcha: Flatbread often stuffed with onion or potatoes and seasoned with cilantro.
Kulfi: Sweet, aromatic ice cream made from cream, milk, and sugar flavored with mango,
pistachios, saffron etc.
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Lasan: Garlic
Lassi: A tall cool drink made from yogurt and water and made either sweet or salty.
Lavang: Cloves
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Maccchi or macchli: Fish
Makhani: A traditional dish. Tandoori chicken is cooked in ghee and tomato sauce.
Makke: Corn flour
Maiai: Cream
Masala: Spices, herbs and other seasonings ground or pounded together. When wet
ingredients like water, vinegar, yogurt etc. are added to the spice mixture it is appropriately
called a "wet masala". Dry spice mixtures are also called "Garam masala" or commonly
known in the world as "Curry powder". Indian cooks generally don't use pre-prepared curry
powder (originally a British invention to approximate Indian seasoning) but prefer making
their own ever-changing blends.
Malaya: The curries of Malaya are traditionally cooked with coconut, chili, and ginger.
Mama: Puffed basmati rice.
Masala Dabba: Spice box containing the commonly used dry spices and is always kept near
the cooking range for easy and quick access. A spoon is included for ease of use.
Masoor: Red lentil with a green skin.
Mattar or Mutter: Green peas.
Mattar Paneer or Mutter Paneer: Curried peas with cubes of fried homemade cheese.
Methi: Fenugreek.
Mirch: Pepper. For centuries the most important spice, gaining the title king of spices. It
grows on vines that flower triennially and produce clusters of berries, which are picked and
dried which then become peppercorns. Green, black, and white are not different varieties.
All peppercorns are green when picked and must be bottled or freeze-dried at once to retain
the color. Black pepper is the dried berry. White pepper is obtained by soaking off the black
skin of the berry. Peppercorns are a heat agent and can be used whole or ground.
Mollee: Fish dishes cooked in coconut and chili.
Moong: One of the more commonly used lentils. It has a green skin and can be used whole,
split or polished to make various dals.
Munacca: Raisins
Murgh: Chicken
Murgh Masala: A specialty dish of whole chicken, marinated in yogurt and spices for 24
hours then stuffed and roasted.
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Naan: Indian flat bread made from wheat and baked in a tandoor.
Naan keema: Baked naan bread, stuffed with a thin layer of minced meat curry
Naan peshwari: Baked naan bread stuffed with almonds and or cashews and or raisins.
Nargis kebab: Indian scotch egg spiced minced meat around a hard-boiled egg.
Namak: Salt
Namkeen: Salty
Naryal: Coconut
Neem: Curry leaf.
Nimboo: Lime
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Paan: Betel leaf stuffed with supari (betel nut), quick lime paste, kathechu paste, gulukand
(rose petal preserve), fennel seeds and dried grated coconut. Paan is eaten usually after a
meal and has known to aid in digestion. Paan connoisseurs always add tobacco in their
paan. The paan is garnished with edible thin silver foil called "Varak".
Pakoras: Popular Indian crispy and spicy snack served usually hot out of the frying pot
along with coriander chutney. A popular teatime snack served with Indian tea. Slices of
different vegetables like potatoes, onion, chilies, spinach leaves, eggplant etc dipped in a
batter made out of chickpea flour and a few dry spices and deep-fried.
Palak or sag: Spinach or green leafy vegetable
Paneer: Cheese (aka Indian cottage cheese) made from bottled milk that can be fried and
curried.
Papdams (Papad): Thin wafer like discs about 4 to 8 inches in diameter made from a variety
of lentils, potato, shrimp, rice etc. The discs are deep-fried or dry roasted on an open flame
and served as a crispy savory appetizer. Served in many Indian restaurants complimentary
before a meal.
Paratha: Whole-wheat unleavened flatbread. It is sometimes filled with cooked ground meat
or a vegetable mixture. Slightly larger than a Chapatti and shallow fried to perfection.
Pasanda: Meat, usually lamb, beaten and cooked in one piece.`
Pachadi
Panchpuran- Indian Five Spice Blend -
Piaz, peeaz, or pyaz: Onion.
Pista magaz: Pistachio nut
Podina: Mint leaves or powder.
Poha: Pounded rice.
Pooris: Deep-fried whole-wheat flatbreads. They are usually around 4 inches in diameter
and puff up when deep-fried. Delicious when hot!
Pullao: Delicately flavored rice, sautéed in ghee and flavored with whole spices like cumin,
cloves etc. Just like the Indian cuisine there are many varieties of Pullao.
Pulses: Types of lentils.
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Quas chawal or kesar chaval: Rice fried in ghee, flavored and colored with saffron.
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Raan: Leg of lamb marinated in yogurt-based masala.
Rai: Mustard seed.
Raita: A cooling chutney of vegetables and yogurt.
Rajama: Red kidney beans.
Rassgulla: One of the most famous Indian sweets that originated from east India. The
walnut-size balls of semolina and milk are cooked in a light sugar syrup, flavored with
cardamom.
Rogan Josh gosht: Rich lamb curry, literally meaning "red juice lamb". It is a traditional
Northern Indian dish of lamb that is marinated in yogurt, then cooked with ghee and spices
and tomato. It should be creamy and spicy – but not too hot.
Roti: is Bread in Hindi. "Tandoori roti" is bread that is baked in a tandoor, "Rumali Roti" or
literally meaning handkerchief bread is a kind of a thin and flaky partha made up of many
layers.
Ruh gulab: Rose water
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Sag or saag: Spinach
Sagzi: The generic term for vegetables.
Sambhar or sambar: Lentil curry from the south of India. Served as an accompaniment with
"idli"and "dosa".
Samosas: The celebrated triangular deep-fried pastry appetizers filled with vegetable or
meat mixtures.
Sarson ka sag: Mustard leaves
Saunf or souf: Aniseed.
Seekh Kebab or sheek kebab: The word "Seekh" in Hindi means skewer. Seekh kebab
simply means kebabs on a skewer. Kebabs are usually made out of ground lamb mixed with
various spices, cooked in a "tandoor".
Seenl: Allspice. Related to the clove family.
Sev: Thin string-like fried snack preparation made out of gram flour. Used in the
preparation of "Sev puri" and "Bhel Puri" or can be enjoyed just plain. Nowadays there are
many spicy and non-spicy varieties of "sev" available in specialty Indian stores.
Shahi: means "Royal" in Hindi
Shami kebab: Round minced meat rissoles.
Shashlik: Cubes of skewered lamb.
Sonf: Fennel seed.
Sont or Sonth: Dried ginger.
Supari: Mixture of seeds and sweeteners for chewing after a meal. It usually includes
aniseed or fennel, shredded betel nut, sugar balls, marrow seeds, etc.
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Tadka: A garnish of spices and fried onions.
Tadka dal: Fried lentils and spices garnished with spices and onions.
Tandoor: The traditional Indian clay oven is called the "Tandoor". A Tandoor is a clay pot
usually sunken neck deep in the ground. Charcoal is put on the flat bottom of the pot. The
heat generated by the hot charcoal in and on the sides of the clay pot is used for cooking.
Long iron rods, long enough to reach the bottom of the pot, are used in the cooking
process. It is probably the most versatile kitchen equipment in the Indian kitchen.
Barbecues, breads, dal, gravies made in them acquire a unique taste, very different from
the food cooked on the regular kitchen oven.
Tandoori Murgh: This is the bright red world famous Tandoori Chicken. Chicken marinated
with spices, dried red peppers, and yogurt, cooked in a tandoor.
Tej patia: Bay leaf.
Thaali: A tray that holds the complete meal served in individual bowls (katori).
Tikka: Skewered boneless meat cubes cooked in a tandoor.
Toor or toovar: A type of lentil.
Tusci: Basil.
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Udrak: Ginger.
Urid: A type of lentil
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Varak: Fine thin edible silver foil used to decorate or garnish Indian desserts and "paan". It
has been known to aid in digestion.
Vindaloo:: Meat usually pork is used to make this very spicy and flavorful dish. Cooked in
vinegar and typically served 2 to 3 days after it is made.
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Xacutti: A Goan dish using chicken and coconut.
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Yakni: Mutton.
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Zafron or kesar: Saffron – the world’s most expensive spice. Saffron is the stamen of the
crocus flower. It takes 70,000 stamens to give a recipe a delicate yellow coloring and
aroma.
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    ENGLISH                HINDI                 TAMIL                 KANNADA
    Spices/Herbs
    Turmeric               Haldi                 Manjal                Harasina pudi
    Coriander seeds,
                           Dhania                Dhaniya               Kothambari
    Coriander powder
    Cloves                 Lavang                Lavangam, Kirambu Lavanga
    Fennel                 Saunf                 Sombu                 -----
    Cinnamon               Tuj/Dalchini          Pattai                Lavanga pattiai
    Cardamom               Elaichi               Yelakkai              Ellakki
    Cilantro, Coriander
                           Dhania                Kothamalli            -----
    leaves
    Ginger                 Adrak                 Inji                  Shunti
    Garlic                 Lasun                 Poondu                Bellulli
    Pepper corns           Kalimirchi            Milagu                Menasu
    Fenugreek seeds        Methi                 Vendhayam             Menthiyam
                                                 Kaindha milagai,
    Red chili pepper       lal Mirchi                                  -----
                                                 Vatral milagai
    Poppy seeds            Khuskhus              Gasagasa              -----
    Asafetida              Hing                  Perungayam            Ingu
    Saffron                Kesar                 Kungumapoo            -----
    Aniseed                Sauf                  Perunjeeragam         Dodda jeera
    Bay leaf, Cinnamon     Tej/Tuj patta         Birinji ilai          -----
leaf
Cumin seeds           Shah Jeera/Kala Jeera Sombu                 Jeerike
Mustard seeds         Rai/Sarson              Kadugu              Sasuve
Mint leaves           Podina                  Pudhina             Pothina
Nuts/Dried fruit
                                              Verkadalai,
Peanuts, Groundnuts   moongphali                                  veru senaga pappu
                                              Nilakadalai
                                                                  Godambi,   jeedi
Cashew nut            Kaju                    Mundhiri Paruppu
                                                                  pappu
Almonds               Badam
Pistachio             Pista
Walnut                Akroot
Dates                 Kajhoor
dried Apricot         Khumani
Raisin                Kishmish                Kaintha thratchai   Ona drakshi
Grains/Flours
Gram flour            Besan                   Kadalai Mavu        -----
All purpose flour
                      Maida                   Maida mavu          -----
(Maida)
                                              Gothumai mavu,
Wheat flour           Atta, Chappathi flour                       -----
                                              Chapathi mavu
Par-boiled rice       -----                   Puzhungal Arisi     -----
Semolina              Suji                    Ravai               Rave
Lentils               dal                     Paruppu             Bayle
Vermicelli            Seviyan                 Semiya              Semigae
Yellow split peas     Thoor dal               Thuvaram Paruppu    -----
Bengal gram           Channa dal              Kadalai Paruppu     -----
Black gram            Urad dal           Ulundhu          -----
Green gram            Moong dal          Pachai Paruppu   -----
Seasonings
Tamarind              Imli               Puli             Hunase hunnu
Jaggery               Gur                Vellam           Bella
Sesame seeds          til                Ellu             -----
Green hot chili       Hari Mirchi        Pachai milagai   -----
Green pepper,                                             bengaluru
                      bari mirch         Kudai milagai
Capsicum                                                  mirapakayi
Curry leaves          kari Patta         Karivepilai      -----
Shrimp, Prawn         Jinga              Iraal            -----
Vegetables
Egg plant, Brinjal    Biangan            Katharikai       -----
Okra, Ladies Finger   Bhindi             Vendaikai        -----
White Bait            -----              Nethili meen     -----
Gentleman's Toes,
                      tinda              Kovaikai         -----
Tindla
Drumstick             Seeng              Murungaikai      -----
Bottle Guard,Opo
                      Doodhi             Suraikai         -----
Squash
Serrated Guard,
                                         Peerkangkai      -----
Chinese Okra
Amaranth              Chauli, chavleri
Arrowroot             Paniphal, Tikora
Ash gourd             Petha
Asparagus             Shatwar,
                       sootmooli,halyan
Asparagus              Musli
Avocado, butterfruit   Makhanphal
Bell Pepper            Simla Mirch
Bengal gram leaves     Chaney ki bhaji
                       (Hummus)
Bitter gourd           Karela
Bottle gourd           Lauki,doodhi
Cabbage                Patha gobi
Carrot                 Gajar
Cauliflower            Phool gobi
Chilli                 Mirchi
Cluster Beans          Gowaar Phali
Colocasia              Arbi
Coriander Cilantro     Dhania
Corn cobs, maize       Bhutta, makka
Corn kernel            Makai
Cowpea                 Lobia
Cucumber               Kakdi
Dillweed               Suvabhaji
Drumstick leaves       Muranka bhaji
French Beans           Flas Beans
Gardencress            Halim
Gherkins               Kunthroo, Goli, Tondli
Green chilli           Hari mirch
Indian sorrel          Khatti bhaji
Khesari leaves          Masoor bhaji
Lettuce                 Kasmisaag
Lime or Lemon           Nimbu
Lotus Stem              Kamal Kakadior,
                        Bhien
Makhanphal              Avocado, butterfruit
Mushrooms               Goochi
Olives                  Zetoon / Zaitoon
Onion                   Kanda Pyaaz
Peas                    Matar
Potato                  Aloo
Pumpkin                 Kadhu
Radish                  Mooli
Red sorrel              Chukka bhaji
Salad leaves, endives   Gulsuchal
Spinach                 Palak
Sweet potato            Shakarkand
Tapioca                 Simla Aloo
Tomato                  Tamatar
Vegetables              Sabji
Water Chestnuts         Shingara
FRUIT
Apple                   Sabe
Bael, Stone apple,      Bel, siriphal
Bengal quince
Banana                  Kela
   Chakothra               Pomelo
   Chin fruit, litchie     Lichee
   Figs                    Amjeer
   Grapes                  Angoor
   Guavas                  Amrood
   Jackfruit               Kathal
   Jamoon                  Jambul fruit java
                           plum
   Mango                   Aam
   Mashmelon               Kharbooja
   Mulberry                Shehtooth
   Muskmelon Cantalope Kharbooja
   Orange                  Santra
   Papaya                  Papeeta
   Pear                    Nashpati
   Pineapple               Ananas
   Plum                    Aloobukara
   Pomegranate             Anar
   Sweet lime              Mosambi
   Watermelon              Tarbooj, Kalingad
   Zizyphus                Ber, bor
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