Football
The game of football is any of several similar team sports, of similar
origins which involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot in
an attempt to score a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide
is association football, more commonly known as just "football" or
"soccer". Unqualified, the word football applies to whichever form of
football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word
appears, including American football, Australian rules
football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby league, rugby
union and other related games. These variations are known as "codes."
Common elements
The various codes of football share the following common elements:
Two teams of usually between 11 and 18 players; some variations
that have fewer players (five or more per team) are also popular.
A clearly defined area in which to play the game.
Scoring goals or points, by moving the ball to an opposing team's
end of the field and either into a goal area, or over a line.
Goals or points resulting from players putting the ball between
two goalposts.
The goal or line being defended by the opposing team.
Players being required to move the ball—depending on the code—
by kicking, carrying, or hand-passing the ball.
Players using only their body to move the ball.
In most codes, there are rules restricting the movement of
players offside, and players scoring a goal must put the ball either under
or over a crossbar between the goalposts. Other features common to
several football codes include: points being mostly scored by players
carrying the ball across the goal line; and players receiving a free
kick after they take a markor make a fair catch.
Peoples from around the world have played games which involved
kicking or carrying a ball, since ancient times. However, most of the
modern codes of football have their origins in England.
Etymology
While it is widely assumed that the word "football" (or "foot ball")
references the action of the foot kicking a ball, there is a historical
explanation, which is that football originally referred to a variety of
games in medieval Europe, which were played on foot. These games
were usually played by peasants, as opposed to the horse-riding sports
(such as polo) often played byaristocrats. There is no conclusive
evidence for either explanation, and the word football has always
implied a variety of games played on foot, not just those that involved
kicking a ball. In some cases, the word football has even been applied to
games which have specifically outlawed kicking the ball
Association football and descendants
Association football, also known
as football, soccer, footy and footie
Indoor/basketball court varieties of Football:
Five-a-side football — played throughout the world under
various rules including:
Futsal — the FIFA-approved five-a-side indoor game
Minivoetbal — the five-a-side indoor game played in
East and West Flanders where it is hugely popular
Papi fut the five-a-side game played in outdoor
basketball courts (built with goals) in Central America.
Indoor soccer — the six-a-side indoor game, known in Latin
America, where it is often played in open air venues, as fútbol
rápido ("fast football")
Masters Football six-a-side played in Europe by mature
professionals (35 years and older)
Paralympic football — modified Football for athletes with a
disability.[73] Includes:
Football 5-a-side — for visually impaired athletes
Football 7-a-side — for athletes with cerebral palsy
Amputee football — for athletes with amputations
Deaf football — for athletes with hearing impairments
Electric wheelchair soccer
Beach soccer — football played on sand, also known as beach
football and sand soccer
Street football — encompasses a number of informal varieties of
football
Rush goalie — is a variation of football in which the role of the
goalkeeper is more flexible than normal
Headers and Volleys — where the aim is to score goals against a
goalkeeper using only headers and volleys
Crab football — players stand on their hands and feet and move
around on their backs whilst playing football as normal
Swamp soccer — the game is played on a swamp or bog field
