The Global Seafood Revolution

George Chamberlain
President
Global Aquaculture Alliance
Feeding the world through responsible aquaculture

Membership MyGAA Online Community GAA Academy

Annual GOAL Conference GAA Films The Advocate

 Breeding
• L. vannamei Whole Chain Solutions
• P. monodon Sustainability
• Health
• Nutrition • Soy feeds
• Grow-out • Advanced ponds
• Hydroelectric energy
 Topics
• The Opportunity
• Aquaculture Beginnings
• Status
• Vision for the Future
• What do we need?
• How do we get there?
 The Opportunity:
“Fish to 2030” projects strong seafood demand
120

Gro wing fisheries (0.7% p er an num)

Stag n an t fisheries
100
Production (million tonnes)

• Global consumption rises to 22.5 kg/y

80
• Global consumption remains at
1996 levels (15.6 kg/y)

60
Fish

40

•Technological advances in aquaculture

20 •Baseline scenario
•Ecological collapse of fisheries

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Year
Ye (1999)
IFPRI (2003)
FAO (2004)
Wijkstrom (2003)

Source: Hall, S. Blue Frontiers (2011), WorldFish Centre

Gap between 2016 diet and Lancet recommendation

Designing a diet that is healthy

and sustainable for population
of 10 billion in 2050

Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet

Commission on healthy diets from sustainable
food systems.
The Lancet, Feb 02, 2019,Vol 393, P 447-492
 Aquaculture is the only way
to increase the seafood supply

FAO, 2018
 Primitive beginning

• Began centuries ago in natural

impoundments
• Little understanding or control
• Very low productivity

8
Current Status
Percentage Growth, 2008-2018
 Atlantic Salmon
Production by Country
Global Shrimp Production by Region
 13
Production in Mill. metric tonnes

10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
45.0

0.0
5.0
40.0

Source: FAO
1990 8.7
1991 9.0
1992 9.9
1993 11.2
1994 13.1
1995 15.0
1996 16.9
1997 17.9
Production

1998 18.5
1999 19.9
2000 20.8
2001 22.2
2002 23.5
% growth

2003 24.2
2004 26.3
The Dilemma:

2005 28.0
2006 29.9
2007 31.6
2008 34.3
2009 36.1
2010 38.3
2011 41.6
0
50
100
150
200
250
The growth rate of aquaculture is slowing down

% ten year growth rate

 The Challenges
• Disease* (leading to antibiotic use and AMR)
• Environment (global warming, eutrophication)
No. 1 Problem: Disease
• Feed (reliance on marine ingredients)
• Financing S
• Market acceptance L

*Disease is consistently ranked the # 1

challenge
Sea Lice
 Increasing control, but not enough
• Basic net pen and
pond designs are still
self infecting and self
polluting

• The solution to
disease is often
relocate, rather than
resolve
 What do we need?
• Control
• Disease risk
• Environmental impact
• Efficiency
• Produce more with less land, energy, water, feed, labor
• Trust
• Consolidation of production chain
• Certification systems
BREEDING HATCHERY NUTRITION GROWOUT PROCESSING RETAIL

How do we get there? FOOD

SERVICE

EMBRACE INNOVATION TO IMPROVE THE WHOLE CHAIN

17
 How do we get there? Breeding
%
Relative Genetic Merit in Growth Rate
450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

Chicken Beef Cattle Swine Salmon Tilapia Shrimp

Breeding is Driving
Performance Gains
• Growth
• Multi-pathogen
resistance
• Reproductive
performance
• Soy tolerance
 Convergence of SPT and SPF
Shrimp Breeding

SPT System SPF System

Breeding
Hatchery
Hatchery
Broodstock

Broodstock Postlarvae Breeding Postlarvae

Sentinel PLs
Data
Farm Farm

Infected broodstock move from farm to Break transmission of disease from farm to
breeding/hatchery creating a disease cycle hatchery. Only data returns from farm.
 The Future?
Editing a gene to prevent PRRS virus in pigs
CRISPR technology applied to target and delete genes in somatic cells followed by direct zygote injection

Whitworth, Prather, and Wells Pigs bred to be resistant to PRRS virus

21
University of Missouri
 How do we get there? Hatchery/Nursery

• Biosecurity, replace live feeds

• Vaccines
• Intensive recirc
Polychaete replacement Smolt vaccination Intensive nursery systems
 How do we get there? Feeds
• Immunostimulants
• Beta glucans, killed Vibrio, fucoidans, nucleotides, etc.
• RNA interference
• Delivered by engineered gut bacteria to silence viral pathogen
genes
• Antisense RNAs
• To suppress replication and pathogen genes in Vibrio
• Gut health
• Gut mucosal mapping to quantify the effects of feed ingredients
 How do we get there? Shrimp Growout

9.0
Farmed Shrimp Production

8.0

7.0

6.0
(MMT)

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
 The Leading Edge of Shrimp Growout
• Disease exclusion: Biosecure ponds with
waste treatment, RAS, and ionic balance
• Efficient feeding systems
• Sensors and remote controls
 How do we get there? Salmon Growout

6.0
Farmed Salmon Production

5.0

4.0
(MMT)

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
The Leading Edge of Salmon Growout

Indoor recirc systems

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 How do we get there? Processing

On Board Processing/ Full Chain

Waste Treatment Traceability
How do we get there? Consumer Trust
Supermarket antibiotic use policies
 Certification
Market-driven certification
BAP market
endorsers
supporting
four pillars of
sustainability

Food Safety Social Responsibility Environmental Animal Health &

Responsibility Welfare
Assurance that no banned antibiotics Adherence to local laws & Compliance with standards that Best practices in animal husbandry,
or other chemicals are used and that international norms for worker address important issues like habitat addressing issues such as disease
all approved chemical treatments are health & safety, fair labor practices conservation, water quality and control, stocking density &
carried out in a responsible fashion. and community empowerment. effluent control. harvesting .
BAP certification is comprehensive, benchmarked
 Our sustainability journey
is just beginning

• Climate Change
• Social Issues
• Micro Plastics
• Antimicrobial Resistance
• Feed Ingredients
• Animal Welfare

Greta Thunberg, a 16 year old, strikes in front of the

Swedish parliament and starts a global movement.

32
 Collaboration is the way forward:
Is it possible to produce more sustainable eggs?

• Farmers (Styn Claessens & Maurits Groen)

• Breeders (Hendrix Genetics)
• Technical (equipment and systems suppliers)
• Academia (Wageningen University)
• Welfare (Dutch Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals)
• Environment (Milieudefensie)
• Sustainability (Dutch Urgenda Foundation)
• Marketing & Communications (Schuttelaar & Partners)
• Sales (Lidl Nederland)
 Kipster Eggs:
Feed from waste, CO2 neutral, animal welfare, etc.
 Conclusions
• Projected seafood demand is strong, due to rising
middle class and new dietary recommendations
• Disease is the primary obstacle limiting production
• Improved control and efficiency are needed
throughout the production chain
• Buyers are increasingly relying on certification to
assure consumer trust
• Collaboration is needed to solve complex issues like
AMR
 If you want to go fast, go alone.
If you want to go far, go together.
African proverb
THANK YOU