Data and Results:

74LS00 (NAND GATE)

Pin Voltage Current
Number
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 8 12 13 11 2.84 V 0.9µA
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2.84 V 0.9µA
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2.84 V 0.9µA
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2.84 V 0.9µA
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0V 0A

Simulation using Multisim:

Figure 1.1: Circuit Simulation using Multisim

The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 1 which means if the inputs are 0-0, 0-
1, and1-0, the LED is in the “ON” state.

Figure 1.2: Circuit Simulation using Multisim

The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 0 which means if the inputs are 1-1,
the LED is in the “OFF” state.
Actual Simulation using Breadboard:

Figure 1.a: 0-0 input Figure 1.b: 0-1 input Figure 1.c: 1-0 input

Figure 1.d: 1-1 input

The figure shows the actual simulation using breadboard, the output is the same as in the
Multisim. The LED will turn on if it is in 0-0, 0-1 and 1-0 input while it will turn off when the
input is in 1-1.

74LS02 (NOR GATE)

Pin Voltage Current
Number
2 3 1 5 6 4 8 9 10 11 12 13
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3.04 V 2.6µA
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0.12 V 0A
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0.12 V 0A
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0.12 V 0A

Simulation using Multisim:

 Figure 2.1 Circuit Simulation using Multisim
The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 1 which means if the inputs are 0-0,
the LED is in the “ON” state.

Figure 2.2 Circuit Simulation using Multisim

The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 0
which means if the inputs are 0-1, 1-0, and1-1, the LED is
in the “OFF” state.

Actual Simulation using Breadboard:

Figure 2.a: 0-0 input Figure 2.b: 0-1 input Figure 2.c: 1-0 input

Figure 2.d: 1-1 input

The figure shows the actual simulation using breadboard, the output is the same as in the
Multisim. The LED will turn on if it is in the 0-0 input while it will turn off when the input is in
0-1,1-0 and1-1.

74LS04 (NOT GATE)

Pin Voltage Current
Numbe
r
 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 8 11 10 13 12
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2.73 V 0.1 µA
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0.11 V 0A

Simulation using Multisim:

Figure 3.1 Circuit Simulation using Multisim

The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 1 which means if the inputs are 0, the
LED is in the “ON” state.

Figure 3.2 Circuit Simulation using Multisim

The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 0 which means if the inputs are 1, the
LED is in the “OFF” state.

Actual Simulation using Breadboard:

 Figure 3.a: 0 input Figure 3.b: 1 input
The figure shows the actual simulation using breadboard, the output is the same as in the
Multisim. The LED will turn on if it is in 0 input while it will turn off when the input is 1.

Pin Voltage Current

Number
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 8 12 13 11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 mV 0A
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1.5 mV 0A
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1.5 mV 0A
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.727 V 8.4 µA
74LS08 (AND GATE)

Simulation using Multisim:

Figure 4.1 Circuit Simulation using Multisim

The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 0 which means if the inputs are 0-0, 0-
1 and 1-0, the LED is in the “OFF” state.
 Figure 4.2 Circuit Simulation using Multisim
The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 1 which means if the inputs are 1-1,
the LED is in the “ON” state.

Actual Simulation using Breadboard:

Figure 4.a: 0-0 input Figure 4.b: 0-1 input Figure 4.c: 1-0 input

Figure 4.d: 1-1 input

The figure shows the actual simulation using breadboard, the output is the same as in the
Multisim. The LED will turn on if it is in the 1-1 input while it will turn off when the input is in
0-0, 0-1, and 1-0.

Pin Voltage Current

Number
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 8 12 13 11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.06 V 0A
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2.99 V 2.3 µA
 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 3V 2.3 µA
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3V 2.4 µA
74LS32 (OR GATE)

Simulation using Multisim:

Figure 5.1 Circuit Simulation using Multisim

The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 0 which means if the inputs are 0-0,
the LED is in the “OFF” state.

Figure 5.2 Circuit Simulation using Multisim

The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 1 which means if the inputs are 0-1, 1-
0 and 1-1, the LED is in the “ON” state.

Actual Simulation using Breadboard:

 Figure 5.a: 0-0 input Figure 5.b: 0-1 input Figure 5.c: 1-0 input

Figure 5.d: 1-1 input

The figure shows the actual simulation using breadboard, the output is the same as in the
Multisim. The LED will turn on if it is in the 0-1, 1-0 and 1-1input while it will turn off when the
input is in 0-0.

Pin Voltage Current

Number
1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 8 12 13 11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.06 V 0A
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2.73 V 0.1 µA
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2.73 V 0.1 µA
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0.09 V 0A
74LS86 (XOR GATE)

Simulation using Multisim:

 Figure 5.1 Circuit Simulation using Multisim
The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 0 which means if the inputs are 0-0,
and 1-1, the LED is in the “OFF” state.

Figure 5.2 Circuit Simulation using Multisim

The figure shows the simulation if it is in the logic 1 which means if the inputs are 0-1,
and 1-0, the LED is in the “ON” state.

Actual Simulation using Breadboard:

Figure 6.a: 0-0 input Figure 6.b: 0-1 input Figure 6.c: 1-0 input
 Figure 6.d: 1-1 input
The figure shows the actual simulation using breadboard, the output is the same as in the
Multisim. The LED will turn on if it is in the 0-1 and1-0 input while it will turn off when the
input is in 0-0 and 1-1.

Questions:
1. What kind of logic (positive/negative) are this ICs used? Can this be used to display
the other?
7400 or the NAND gate has an output that is normally HIGH (1) and only goes LOW
(0) when all of its inputs are HIGH (1). It is the logical negation of AND gate.
7402 or the NOR gate has HIGH (1) output results if both the input to the gate are LOW
(0), if one or both of the inputs are HIGH (1), a LOW (0) output results. NOR is the
result of the negation of the OR operation.
7408 or the AND gate has an output which is normally LOW (0) and only goes HIGH
(1) when all the inputs are HIGH (1).
7432 or the OR gate performs logical operation which means output is HIGH (1) if at
least one of the inputs is HIGH (1)

2. How does the ICs behave if an input is disconnected?

Based on the performed experiment, in 7400,7404,7408 and 7432, if an input pin
is disconnected or does not connected to anything, the ICs read HIGH (1) that it thinks
that there is 1 connected on the pin. The other gates were similarly behaved according to
their Boolean logic table.
A signal is said to be floating when its state is indeterminate, that is it not connected to
VCC or to ground. The signal’s voltage will float to match the residual voltage. Floating
is often used to describe a pin which is in the high-impedance state.

Conclusion:
Challenge: