Motor Control Circuit

(MCC)

A practical project presented

to the faculty of School of Engineering
Colegio de San Juan de Letran – Calamba

Practical application project in

EE251L – AC Machinery Laboratory

by:

4EE

May 17, 2019

nd
2 Semester, A.Y. 2019-2020

Engr. Alexander T. Montero, REE,RME

Lab Instructor
 CONTENTS
I. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
II. ABSTRACT
III. TABLE OF CONTENTS
IV. LIST OF TABLES
V. LIST OF FIGURES

VI. CHAPTER I: Introduction and its Background

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of the Study
1.3 Project Objectives
1.4 Conceptual Framework
1.5 Significance of the Study/Project
1.6 Scope and Limitation
1.7 Definition of Terms

VII. CHAPTER II: Review Related Literature and Studies

2.1 Related Literature
2.2 Related Studies
2.3 Synthesis

VIII. CHAPTER III: Project Methodology

3.1 Project Design

3.2 Project Assembly and Test Procedures
Assembly Procedures
Test Procedures
3.3 Project Data Gathering Procedures
3.4 Project Work Breakdown

IX. CHAPTER IV: Technical Study

4.1 Project Design / Block Diagram

Functions of each component in the project
4.2 Schematic Diagram
4.3 Materials and Components Specifications/Functions
4.4 Parts Breakdown and Cost Analysis
4.5 PCB Layout
Solder Layer
4.6 Prototype Layout

X. CHAPTER V: Summary, Recommendation, and Conclusion

 5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation

XI. REFERENCES

Websites:

www.wikipedia.com/powersupply/
https://electrosome.com
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/2099/1/Shamsul_Arifin_Zinal_Abidine_(_CD_5306
_).pdf

XII. APPENDICES

Appendix A – Curriculum Vitae

 ACKNOKLEDGMENTS

We would like to express our gratitude towards the people who made
these things possible.

First of all Engr. Alexander T. Montero, for guiding us of this project and
giving us the answers we need in times of confusion. Moreover helping us to
discover out our hidden creativity and skills in this project.

Our friends and classmates in times of trouble, they are there answering
our questions.

To our parents for providing our financial and moral needs also for giving
us motivation to finish this project. And thank you for bringing the best in us in all
ways possible.

And last to the Lord God Almighty, in Him who made all these things
possible. With all his grace, knowledge and wisdom nothing can hinder us from
finishing this project. We lift to Him all our problems that we encounter in this
project and we know it is Him who will make a way for us to finish this. He made
us finish this project in time. Thank you!
 ABSTRACT

Motor control circuits are an effective way to reduce cost by using smaller
wire and reduced-amperage devices to control a motor. Many smaller motors use
the same size conductors for both control and power circuits, but as the
horsepower increases it becomes impractical to do so. Motor control circuits are
often connected to lower voltages than the motor they control to make it safer for
operators and maintenance personnel. A motor control circuit, for the most part,
is simply a switch (or group of switches) and a motor. If you keep the word
“switch” in mind, it helps keep the intimidating subject of “motor control” in its
proper context. For example, the following can be considered motor controls: A
time clock that operates a pool or sprinkler pump is nothing more than an
automatic switch. At a preset time, a set of contacts open or close (turn off or on)
 Lists of Figures

Figure No. Title Page No.

1 .. . . .. .. .. Basic block diagram for a motor control circuit 5

 Lists of Tables

Table No. Title Page No.

1 Component Breakdown 13
.....
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION AND ITS BACKGROUND

The subject of this documentation is motor control circuit. Motor Control

Circuit is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load.
The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy
to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as  electric
power converters. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices,
whereas others are built into larger devices along with their loads.

Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well
as any energy it consumes while performing that task, from an energy source.
Depending on its design, a power supply may obtain energy from various types
of energy sources, including electrical energy transmission systems, energy
storage devices such as a batteries and fuel cells, electromechanical systems
such as generators and alternators, solar power converters, or another power
supply.

Background of the Study

All power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the
energy source, and a power output that delivers energy to the load. In most
power supplies the power input and output consist of electrical connectors or
hardwired circuit connections, though some power supplies employ wireless
energy transfer in lieu of galvanic connections for the power input or output.
Some power supplies have other types of inputs and outputs as well, for
functions such as external monitoring and control.

Power supplies often have protection from short circuit or overload that
could damage the supply or cause a fire. Fuses and circuit breakers are two
commonly used mechanisms for overload protection.
 Project Objectives

The main objective of this practical project is to design a 0-12V variable

DC power supply that is usually used in laboratory experiment.

Specifically, the designer wishes to attend the following:

1. To apply the basic knowledge that we learned in Electronics Circuits

Devices both in lecture and laboratory.
2. To determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the LM317 voltage
regulator in creating a Variable DC power supply.
3. To design and test project created using the Livewire application.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
INPUT of the StudyPROCESS
Significance OUTPUT

An AC power supply typically takes the voltage from a wall outlet and
lowers it to the desired voltage. Some filtering may take place as well.
A power supply unit converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC
power for the internal components of a computer. Modern personal computers
universally use a switched-mode power supply. Some power supplies have a
manual selector for input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the supply
voltage.

Businesses/Retailers engaged in electronics

This project will help people whose business is engaged in electronics to

accurately test a power supply 0 to 12 Volts functioning well. This project is
useful and cheaper. It is also more appealing than the other power supply.

Education sectors

The project aims to provide students, and even the educators, assistance
regarding the study of Electronics. They can see how it works well and also it
was detailed when it comes to designing a PCB.

For researchers

This project can be a reference for future researchers that will be dealing
with the same topic or to any kind of testing equipment of power supply and other
use of it.
 Scope and Limitation

Scope and limitation of the Project

The project is intended to use for testing the efficacy of LM317 voltage
regulator in making a Variable DC power supply 0-12v. The project is limited to
the construction and demonstration of a variable DC. power supply and the
voltage range is from 0 to 12 volts.

Definition of Terms

Block Diagram. A diagram in which the essential parts of a system or process

are presented by labeled rectangles.

Transformer - A transformer is a static machine used for transforming power

from one circuit to another without changing frequency.

Rectifier - device that converts alternating electric current into direct current. A

rectifier is a diode that causes the current to flow in only one direction. 

Voltage Regulator – A device which maintains the direct current power supply
voltage for electronic equipment nearly constant of input alternating current line
voltage variations and output variations.

Capacitor -An electronic component that stores an electric charge and releases 
it when required. A device for storing electrical energy, consisting of two
conductors in close proximity and insulated from each other.

Diode – two terminal electronic device that permits current flow predominantly 

in only one direction.
 
Livewire - is a sophisticated software package for designing and simulating
electronic circuits.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature

There are two most familiar DC power supplies are used which are linear
power supply and switching power supply. Both the DC power supplies have
their own differences based on the characteristics. For linear power supply, it has
the preceding discussion points out two major shortcomings of a linear power
supply. It requires a low-frequency (60Hz) transformer. That means the size and
weight of the transformer are larger than high frequency transformer. Besides
that, the transistors in linear DC power supply operate in active region, incurring
a significant amount of power loss. It affected the overall efficiencies of linear
power supply usually in a range of 30-60%. 6 There is different with the switching
power supply. In this type of DC power supply, the switching elements such as
power transistors or MOSFETs operate as a switch: either completely off and
completely on. By avoiding the operation in active region, power loss of the
system is able to reduce. As a result, its efficiency between 70-90% ranges.
Since a high-frequency isolation transformer is used, the size and weight of
switching power supplies can be significantly reduced.

Related Studies

The function of a linear voltage regulator is to convert a varying DC

voltage to a constant, often specific, lower DC voltage. In addition, they often
provide a current limiting function to protect the power supply and load
from overcurrent (excessive, potentially destructive current).

A constant output voltage is required in many power supply applications,

but the voltage provided by many energy sources will vary with changes in load
impedance. Furthermore, when an unregulated DC power supply is the energy
source, its output voltage will also vary with changing input voltage. To
circumvent this, some power supplies use a linear voltage regulator to maintain
the output voltage at a steady value, independent of fluctuations in input voltage
and load impedance. Linear regulators can also reduce the magnitude of ripple
and noise present appearing on the output voltage.

Synthesis

The 0 to 12 volts power supply has many advantages. The advantages of a

switched power supply is that they are typically small and lightweight, have a
wide input voltage range and a higher output range, and are much more efficient
than a linear supply.
 CHAPTER III

PROJECT METHODOLOGY

Project Design

System Overview

Project Assembly and Test Procedures

Assembly Procedures

Procedures on making the Power Supply

1. First of all, we must make a circuit design of the power supply.

2. Convert the circuit design to a PCB layout using PCB WIZARD
application.
3. Next, prepare all the necessary materials and components that we will use
to make a power supply, such as diodes, transformer, resistors, ferric
chloride, PCB, etc.
4. Print the PCB layout onto the pre-synthesized PCB and etch the PCB
using Ferric Chloride. Drill holes on where the components are to be
placed.
5. Place the components to their proper place on the PCB.
 6. Solder each component on the other side of the PCB and cut the excess
terminals.
7. Prepare the casing, for the final assembling.
8. Properly place each of the components to their designated location on the
casing.

Test Procedures

Testing the device would determine the goodness of the design in terms of
its structure stability, fitness to its applications, and quality of the design project.
Using livewire, the current and the voltages output can be seen. After
making the circuit, run it. And using a voltmeter, the output voltage cam be seen
if it meets the required adjustable 0 to +12V supply of power.

Figure 3. Gantt chart of power supply project

Activity March
st nd
1 week 2 week 3rd week 4th week
Project
conceptualization
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Project
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Final Testing and
finalization of the
project
 CHAPTER IV

TECHNICAL STUDY

Project Design / Block Diagram

Base on the block diagram shown below you can know how each of the
components will interact with one another in order to work as a system. It also
shows how the single component flows to the others to make them work. In this
diagram we can easily see and understand if the project we made is working to
response the other device that will be supplied by our device.

Basic block diagram for a DC regulated power supply

Transformer: This is an electrical device used mainly for voltage transformation

to the required levels. Transformers come in various sizes, some transformers
are as large as a room, and others can be as small as a cube of sugar. The basic
parts of a transformer are primary winding usually connected to the input signals.
The secondary winding is connected to the load. The core of the transformer is
another important part of the device.

Diode as rectifier: Conversion of alternating current or voltage into direct current

is called rectification. A diode whether crystal or electronic is used as a rectifier
because it conduct current only in one direction. Half wave rectification uses one
diode, full wave rectifiers uses two diodes whereas a bridge rectifier has four
diodes.
Capacitor as filter: a device for suppressing or minimizing waves or oscillations of
certain frequencies.

Voltage regulator: a device for controlling the level or amount of voltage.

Schematic Diagram

System Overview

Materials and Components Specifications / Functions

Regulator (LM317t)
 The LM317t has three pins: input, output and adjustment. The device is
conceptually an op amp with a relatively high output current capacity. The
inverting input of the amp is the adjustment pin, while the non-inverting
input is set by an internal bandgap voltage reference which produces a
stable reference voltage of 1.25V.
Transformer
 is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more
circuits through electromagnetic induction.
Heat sink
 is an electronic device that incorporates either a fan or a peltier device to
keep a hot component such as a processor cool.
Diode
 1N5400 series is a similarly popular series for higher current applications,
up to 3 A.
Fuse
 is a type of low resistance resistor that acts as a sacrificial device to
provide overcurrent protection, of either the load or source circuit.
Grommet
 is a ring or edge strip inserted into a hole through thin material, typically a
sheet of textile fabric, sheet metal and or composite of carbon fiber, wood
or honeycomb. often made of metal, plastic, or rubber.
Switch
 is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting
the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
Printed circuit board (PCB)
 Mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components
using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from copper
sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.
Voltmeter
 is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference
between two points in an electric circuit.
Resistor
 is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element.
Wire
 is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal.

Light-emitting diode (LED)

  is a two-lead semiconductor light source. a suitable voltage is applied to
the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the
device, releasing energy in the form of photons.
Potentiometer
 is a simple knob that provides a variable resistance, which we can read
into the Arduino board as an analog value.
Capacitor
 Is a device giving capacitance and usually consisting of conducting plates
or foils separated by thin layers of dielectric (as air or mica) with the plates
on opposite sides of the dielectric layers oppositely charged by a source of
voltage and the electrical energy of the charged system stored in the
polarized dielectric.

Parts Breakdown and Cost Analysis

Description Quantity Amount Total Amount

Cord 1 25 25
LM317T 1 20 20
12-0-12 Transformer 1 150 150
Diode (1N4001) 4 12 48
Fuse Holder 1 10 10
Fuse 1 3 3
Case 1 0 (recycled) 0
Switch 1 15 15
Binding Post 1 20 20
PCB 1 45 45
Voltmeter 1 290 290
Resistors 3 28 28
Connecting Wires 1 0 (recycled) 0
LED 1 10 10
Potentiometer 1 25 25
Capacitors 1 40 40
Knob 1 10 10
Total 22 components 739

PCB Layout

Prototype Layout

CHAPTER V
Summary

Power Supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy

to an electrical load. They don’t only supply power but must also do so without
degrading system performance with noise and/or sagging supply voltages, which
is why the layout of the printed-circuit board (PCB) is extremely important. This
research addresses this gap by exploring, explaining, and outlining how a
specific PCB layout can affect the power supply system, and devising a set of
design guidelines and instructional material based on the circuit.

This project had shown us the importance of familiarization and significant

of each components of a certain device. Knowing the function of each
component will help us criticize the best device or if it is a good quality by
knowing the specification of a device. This project also help us to know more
about electronics, a specific part of what we will be using as an electrical
engineer.

Conclusion
Be knowledgeable of all electronic components. With this, doing an
electronic device will be easy to do. The function of each will be the determinant,
if this specific component will be used in a device. Also, knowing about the
device function will be a great addition to know what components to be used.

Recommendations
We recommend to use different power supplies knowing the specific use
of each. Here are the different power supplies and there uses:

A regulated power supply is one that maintains constant output voltage

or current despite variations in load current or input voltage. Conversely, the
output of an unregulated power supply can change significantly when its input
voltage or load current changes. 
 Adjustable power supply allow the output voltage or current to be
programmed by mechanical controls (e.g., knobs on the power supply front
panel), or by means of a control input, or both. An adjustable regulated power
supply is one that is both adjustable and regulated.

An isolated power supply has a power output that is electrically

independent of its power input; this is in contrast to other power supplies that
share a common connection between power input and output.

APPENDICES

Curriculum Vitae
NAME: MARVIN RANCES COMIA
BIRTHDAY: June 6, 1996
AGE: 19 yrs. old
ADDRESS: Acacia Park Homes, Saimsim, Calamba City,
Laguna
MOBILE NO.:
EMAIL ADDRESS:

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PRE-ELEMENTARY:
Angels of the Lord School of Calamba
ELEMENTARY:
Maranatha Christian Academy
HIGHSCHOOL:
Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba
COLLEGE: 3rd Year
Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba
(Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering)

NAME: WILLIAM JEFFERSON FRIGILLANA CADANG

BIRTHDAY: January 5, 1997
AGE: 19
ADDRESS: 102 B Dap-dap St., Lakeview Subdivision Bo.
Bucal, Calamba City
MOBILE NO.: 09972274530
EMAIL ADDRESS: willjeffcadang@yahoo.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PRE-ELEMENTARY:
Eastern Laguna College
ELEMENTARY:
Eastern Laguna College
Paete Nativity Montessori School
SECONDARY:
Little Shepherd Business and Science Highschool
COLLEGE:
Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba
(Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering)
NAME: ALYSSA DOMAE SALINDO CANCERAN
BIRTHDAY: February 25, 1996
AGE: 20
ADDRESS: 006 Brgy. Sala ,Cabuyao Laguna
MOBILE NO: 09266408421
EMAIL ADDRESS: aiza.canceran@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PRE-ELEMENTARY:
Lady of Rose Academy
ELEMENTARY:
Lady of Rose Academy
SECONDARY:
Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba
COLLEGE:
Colegio de San Juan de Letran-Calamba
(Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering)