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Mobile Network Use

Telecommunications
Training Index
Introduction
1 ABOUT RADIO?
 What is radio?
 What is the main kind modulation?
 How much data can be sent?
 What technology can be used in Radio?
 What are the methods of exchanging data?

2 Multiple access technology & communication types

 Multiple access technology
o FDMA
o TDMA
o CDMA/WCDMA
o OFDMA
 Communication types
o Simplex
o Duplex
2. What is deference between circuit switch (CS) VS packet switch (PS)?
3. Comparison between Single cell system VS Cellular concepts?

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 2G Technology

2G Technology GSM/GPRS/EAGE

1. GSM Technical specifications (Design Aspects)

2. GSM Band (GSM900 ,P-GSM900,E-GSM900 & DCS1800)
3. GSM Network Architecture [Structure]
 Components
o MS
o BSS : BTS & BSC
o NSS
o OMC
o Interface between components
 Geographical : how distributed cells,LAI,BSC, MSC ….etc. in mobile
network
4. Mobile station MS function
 Mobile Equipment ME
 Subscriber Identity Mobile SIM
o SIM Memory
5. Base Station Subsystem BSS : BTS & BSC

5.1 Base Transceiver (Tx & Rx) BTS function

 Cell coverage
o BTS type according coverage (cell range coverage)
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o Site types on field Use
o Antenna types according wave pattern
 Tx & Rx operation
o Modulation & De-modulation in GSM
o Ciphering &De-ciphering
o Interface mobile stations
o Frequency Hopping FH
o Time Advance TA
5.2 Base Station controller BSC functions
 Connection type between BTS & BSC
 Functions BSC
o Maintenance & configurations tasks
o Allocation & Release of traffic channels
o Power control
o Handover
o Synchronization
5.3 Network Switching subsystem NSS
 Mobile Switching center MSC functions [ core network CS-Core]
o Traffic switching
o Number Analysis
o Mobility Management [MM] : paging by LAI
o Connection management [CM]
o Billing/Charging
o Call setup procedure
 Gate MSC
o Public land mobile network [PLMN]
o Public switched Telephone network [PSTN]
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  Home location Register[HLR]& Visitor location Register[VLR]
o Different between HLR & VLR
o How search about SIM in HLR
o Relation between HLR & MSC
 Equipment Identity Register [EIR]
o Investigation about EI
 Short Message center [SMC]
o How process SMS in system
 Authentication Center [AUC]
o Ki secret key
o Kc cipher key
o A3,A8 & A5 Algorithms
o Authentication process
6. Transmission problem & solutions
 Transmission problem
o Problem :Path losses
o Interferences : Co-channel interference & Adjacent-
interference
o Fading
 Multi path fading (Rayliegl ,Fast)
 Shadowing (Normal, Slow
 Fading solution
o Frequency Hoping
o Antenna Diversity
 Time Dispersion
o Increase the direct power
o Compared to reflected path power

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o Viterbi Equalizer Use
 Bandwidth is not enough
o PCM :Analog to digital
 Sampling
 Quantization
 Coding
 Channel Impairment
o Channel Coding
o Interleaving
 Burst formatting
 Modulation & transmission
7. Air Interface
 Channel
o Logical “What”
o Physical “How”
 Logical Channel
o Traffic channel
o Control Channel [Signaling]
 Traffic channel
o TCH/F
o TCH/H
 Control channel
o Broadcast channel: BCCH,FCCH & SCH [DL]
o Common channel: PCH [DL],RACH [UL] & AGCH [DL]
o Dedicate channel :SDCCH,SACCH & FACCH
 Logical Channel Functions
 Call Flow

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  MS Status
o Off
o On
 Idle
 Dedicate (Active)
 Frames in GSM
o TDMA Frame
o Multi Frame
o Super Frame
o Hyper Frame
 Mapping of Logical channel
o TS 0 Broadcast & common control
o TS 1 Dedicate channel
o TS 2 to TS 7 Traffic channel

8. Traffic cases
 Handover HO
o Handover types
 Intra cell HO
 Inter cell/ Intra BSC/ Intra MSC HO
 Inter cell/ Inter BSC/ Intra MSC HO
 Inter cell/ Inter BSC/ Inter MSC HO
o Handover Flow
 Location Area Update
o LAU in same MSC
o LAU in different MSC
 Mobile Originated call MOC

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 Mobile Terminating call MTC
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9. Normal Burst structure

 Normal Burst structure :BCCH,PCH,AGCH,SDCCH,FACCH,SACCH &
TCH
 Abnormal Burst structure : SCH, FCCH & RACH
 Discontinuous transmission DTx
o Dummy Burst structure
10. GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) & EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for
Global Evolution) concepts
11. Introduction to UMTS

3G Technology
UMTS (R99)/HSDPA/HSUPA/HSPA+

1. Why 3G & what CDMA concept?

2. 3G Band frequency DL/UL?

3. Spreading factor , codes concept according users

4. Power control concept

 Open loop
 Close loop
5. OVSF & SC codes Tree codes

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6. UMTS Technical specifications (Design Aspects) & Network Architecture
6.1 User Equipment (UE)
6.2 UTRAN UMTS radio access network
 Node B Function
 RNC Radio Network controller Function
6.3 NSS CS-core
 MSC Mobile switching center Function
 GMSC Gateway MSC Function
6.4 NSS PS-core
 SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node Function
 GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node Function
5.5 Interface between components

7. UMTS Technical specifications

8. Handover types
 Softer handover

 Soft handover SHO

 Hard handover HHO
o InterFrequancy HHO
o Inter-RAT HHO

 RNC types
 Pilot pollution problem
 Rake Receiver Rx
9. User status
 detached [Off]
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 Attached [On] Use

o Idle
o Dedicated (connect , Active)
 Cell-DCH
 Cell-FACH
 Cell-PCH
 URA-PCH
 Radio Bearer RB & Signaling RB
9. Air interface channel
o Logical channel
o Transport channel
o Physical channel
 Channel mapping in UMTS & HSDPA
10. Frames in UMTS
11. UMTS Air interface protocol stack
 Vertical Section
o Control plan (C-plan)
o User or Traffic plan (U-plan)
 Horizontal Section

o L3 Messages
 NAS MM/CM-C plan
 AS RRC C-plan
 NAS AMR (Voice)/IP (Data) U-plan
 AS PDCP U-plan
o L2 RLC & MAC
o L1 Physical layer
 Radio Link Control RLC Function

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  Medium Access control MAC Function
 Physical layer Function
12. High speed family (HS) Introduction
 High Speed Downlink Packet Access HSDPA [3.5]
o Evaluate Bit rate for HSDPA
 High Speed Uplink Packet Access HSUPA [3.75]
o Transmission Time Interval TTI
o 1st Stage 2Mbps
o 2nd stage 5.6Mbps
 Multiple IN- multiple Out MIMO Concept
 HSPA+
o Evaluate Bit rate for HSPA+
 21 Mbps
 42 Mbps
 84 Mbps
13. Introduction to LTE

4G Technology
LTE/LTE-A
1. Why LTE (Long-Term Evolution)?
2. LTE band frequency ?
3. LTE Network Architecture
 LTE-UE
 Evolved RAN (Access)… E-UTRAN Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access Network
o e-node B Function
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 Evolved packet switch EPC Use
o The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) Function
o The serving gateway (S-GW) Function
o The Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) Function
o The mobility management entity (MME) Function
o The Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) Function
 Interface between LTE architecture components
4. LTE Key Feature ?
 Hybrid ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request)… error control admission
o Soft combine technicalt
 CHASE
 Incremental Redundancy [IR]
 Link Adaption : Adaptive Modulation & Coding [AMC]
o Modulation & Coding Scheme MCS
o LTE bit rate
o Channel Quality Indictor CQI
o Rate control
 Fast Scheduling
o Round Robin [RR]
o Max C/I
o Proportional Fair [PF]
o Enhanced PF [EPF]
 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access [OFDMA] DL concept/
Single carrier SC-FDMA UL
o Multipath fading
o Time Dispersion
o ISI
o HPA
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 o IFFT
o Number of sub-carrier
 Frame in LTE
o Resource Element [RE]
o Resource Block [RB]
 Duplexing Technique
o LTE FDD Subframe Allocations
o LTE TDD Subframe Allocations
 Cyclic prefix [CP]
o Normal CP
o Extended [CP]
 IC-IC [IIC] Intercell Interference coordination
 Multiple Antenna
o Diversity
 Diversity DL transmitted Diversity
 SFTD
 STTD
 Diversity UL Receiver Diversity
 Beam Forming (Smart Anntena)
 MIMO
 SU-MIMO Single user
 MU-MIMO Multi user

5. LTE Air interface protocol stack

o Layer 3 Message
o Layer 2 RLC & MAC
o Layer 1 Physical
6. LTE user status
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o Detached Use

o Attached
 Idle
 Connect

7. Air interface channel

 DL Channel
 Logical Channel
o BCCH
o PCCH
o MTCH
o MCCH
o CCCH
o DTCH
o DCCH
o MBMS
 Transport Channel
o BCH
o PCH
o MCH
o DL-SCH
 Physical channel
o PBCH
o PPCH
o PMCH
o PDSCH
o PDCCH
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 o PSS
o SSS
o Reference signal
o PDCCH
o PHICH

 PN code & Reference signal

 UL Channel
 Logical channel
o CCCH
o DTCH
o DCCH
 Transport Channel
o RACH
o UL-SCH
 Physical Channel
o PRACH
o PUSCH
o Access preamble
o PUCCH

Comparison between 2G,3G & 4G overall

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Drive test (DT) & Walk test (WT)for 2G & 3G

1. What is DT & WT
2. Type of DT?
 Continuous wave
 Cluster
 Benchmarking
 New town
 Single site verification
 Swap
 SCFT
 Optimization
3.Tools (Kit)use in DT
 GPS, Laptop, Invertor, TEMS Investigation, dongle,
Mobile devices, Cell file, Map, frequency plan.
4. How connect kits & make DT practical?
5. problems in network
 HO faliur
 Ping-Pong
 Delayed
 Call drop
 Call block
 Cross feeder or sector
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  Overshooting
 Missing Neighbors

6. Summary

Network Design & plan sites in general

1. Coverage
2.Capacity
3.Quality

Final Exam

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