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773 views9 pagesSkill 6
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/ 9
READING COMPREHENSION 189
SKILL 6: “WHERE” QUESTIONS.
Sometimes the final question in a reading passage will ask you to determine where
in the passage a piece of information is found. The answer choices will list possi-
ble locations for that information. The best way to approach this type of question
is to study the question to determine the information that you are looking for and
then to go to the lines listed in the answers and skim for that information.
Example
The passage:
The words “capital” and “capitol” are confused in spelling
and in meaning by a lot of people who try to use them. Both
their spellings and their meanings are quite closely related. A
is the location of the center of government, while a
is the actual building where the government officials
meet. Thus, in the United States, for example, the Capitol
building is located in Washington, D.C., which is the capital city
of the United States.
Line
(5)
The questions:
1. Where in the passage does the author define the word
“capital”?
(A) Lines 1-2
(B) Line 3
(C) Line 4
(D) Lines 6-8
2. Where in the passage does the author mention where the
U.S. Capitol can be found?
(A) Lines 1-2
(B) Line 3
(C) Lines 4-5
(D) Line 6-8
To answer the first question, you should skim for the word capital and then look
for its meaning. A capital is the location of the center of government, and this defi-
nition is given in the fourth line. The best answer to this question is therefore
answer (C).
To answer the second question, you should skim for U.S. Capitol and then look
for where the U.S. Capitol is found. The U.S. Capitol is located in Washington,
D.C., and this information is given in the sixth through eighth lines, The best
answer to this question is therefore answer (D).
Escaneado con CamScanner 190 READING COMPREHENSION
Id remember
The following chart outlines the key information that you show!
ing is found.
when you are trying to determine where in the passage something
QUESTIONS ABOUT WHERE IN THE PASSAGE .--
HowTo Darcy inthe 20.2
sor me Where in the passage
fisted i 15 tO
WERE TO FAD ‘The question can be in any of the lines listed in the answet
aneaial the question.
HOW TO ANSWER 1. Chose a key word or idea in the question. s
er 2. Skim the lines in the passage that are listed in the answers
the question. You should skim for the key word or idea.
3. Choose the answer that contains the line numbers of 2
restatement of the key word or idea in the question.
TOEFL EXERCISE 6: Study each of the passages and choose the best answers to
the questions that follow.
PASSAGE ONE (Questions 1-3)
A geyser occurs when rainwater seeps into the ground and volcanic magma beneath
the surface heats it. The rainwater then turns into steam. The pressurized steam rises to
the surface and bursts out as a geyser.
Line Yellowstone National Park
(5) together. The most fernous
steam about once an hour.
There have not been any volcanic eruption:
However, the existence of the geysers is proof
rest of the world
ich erupts in a high arc of
the Yellowstone area for 70,000 years.
that the area is volcanically active.
1. Where in the passage does the author
3. Where in the passage does the author
mention what heats the water in a
state how long it has been since a
geyser? volcano erupted at Yellowstone?
(A) Lines 1-2 (A) Lines 2-3
(B) Line 4 (B) Lines 5-6
(C) Lines 5-6 (C) Line 7
(D) Line 7 (©) Line 8
2. The author indicates how often Old
Faithful erupts in
(A) lines 1-2
(B) line 4
(C) lines 5-6
() line 7
Escaneado con CamScanner Line
(5)
(10)
READING COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE TWO (Questions 4-7)
By 1963 the one-man space flights of Project Mercury had successfully taken place,
and NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) was ready for a new
challenge. That new challenge was to send two men into space at the same time, rather
than one, so that it would be possible to conduct a wide variety of new maneuvers and
tests.
An appropriate name was found for that new project: the new project was called
Project Gemini, The name “Gemini” might seem appropriate because it is the name of
one of the constellations of stars in the sky, but that is not the real reason for the choice
of the name. “Gemini” comes from the Latin word geminus, which means “twin.” The
constellation Gemini received its name because it consists of two very bright stars with
no other bright stars close by, and those stars seem like twins. The NASA project
received its name because of the number of men who would be together in the space
capsule orbiting the Earth.
4, Where in the passage does the author
state what the initials NASA.
represent?
(A) Lines 1-3
(B) Lines 6-7
(©) Line 9
(D) Lines 11-13
5, Where in the passage does the author
describe NASAS new chalienge after
Project Mercury?
(A) Lines 3-5
(B) Lines 6-7
(C) Line 9
(D) Lines 11-13
6. The author explains the derivation of
the word “Gemini” in
(A) lines 1-3
(B) lines 6-7
(© line 9
(D) lines 11-13
7. Where in the passage does the author
describe the composition of the
Gemini constellation?
(A) Lines 3-5
(B) Lines 6-7
(C) Line 9
(D) Lines 10-11
191
Escaneado con CamScanner 192
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
READING COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE THREE (Questions 8-12)
One of the best-known stories in American history—that Betsy Ross created the first
flag of the United States—is believed by a number of scholars to be somewhat
questionable.
‘The official story goes as follows: In 1776, a group that included George Washington
came to the workshop in Philadelphia where Betsy Ross worked as a seamstress; they
brought a drawing of a flag with stars and
The flag with the stars and stripes was
stripes on it and asked if Betsy could make it,
definitely adopted by Congress on June 14,
1777. In the minutes on that day there is a resolution accepting a flag with 13 stars and
13 stripes as the official flag of the nation. However, there is no mention of Betsy Ross
as the one who had made the flag.
The first time that there is a documentec
d reference to Betsy Ross as the one who
‘made the flag came more than a century later, when her grandson gave a speech to the
Philadelphia Historical Society indicating that the family had passed down the story for
a hundred years that grandmother Betsy had made the first flag. Philadelphians
thusiactically supported the story. Betsy Ross's house was restored and renamed Flag
House, and it was opened to the public as a memorial to Betsy Ross.
‘Many historians dispute this story, and certainly no one has been able to come up
with indisputable proof that it was Betsy wI
hho made the first flag. This much is known
dbout Betsy Ross: She did exist, she was a seamstress, and she did sometimes make
flags for the ships of the Pennsylvania State Navy: Ifthe story about the first flag is not
completely true—and who is to know at this point—at least it makes a good story.
8. Where in the passage does the author
mention a group that came to visit
Betsy Ross?
(A) Lines 1-3
(B) Lines 4-6
(C) Lines 7-8
(D) Lines 9-10
9. Where in the passage does the author
state when the flag was adopted by
Congress?
(A) Lines 1-3,
(B) Lines 4-6
(C) Lines 7-9
(D) Lines 11-14
10, The author describes the first
historical reference to Betsy Ross as
the creator of the first U.S. flag in
(A) lines 4-6
(B) lines 9-10
(C) lines 11-14
(D) lines 17-18
11. The author discusses how
Philadelphians responded to the
Betsy Ross story in
(A) lines 9-10
(B) lines 14-16
(C) lines 17-18
(D) lines 20-21
12. Where in the passage does the author
discuss how historians have reacted
to the Betsy Ross story?
(A) Lines 8-9
(B) Lines 11-14
(C) Lines 17-18
(D) Lines 19-20
Escaneado con CamScanner Line
(5)
READING COMPREHENSION 193
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-6): Study each of the passages, and
choose the best answers to the questions that follow.
PASSAGE ONE (Questions 1-10)
The deer is a distinctive animal easily recognized by the antlers that adorn most
species of male deer. These antlers are used by the males primarily to fight, either for
mates or for leadership of the herd. Deer generally lose their antlers each winter and
begin growing new ones in late spring. The new antlers are soft knobs covered with
velvety hairs. Later in the year as the seasons progress, the antlers grow and harden into
solid branches. In the middle of winter, the full-grown antlers fall off and decay on the
ground. The following spring the process begins again.
1. This passage mainly discusses 6. In which month would a deer in
(A) the lifestyle of the deer Ree eae
(B) the seasons of the year soft, velvety antlers?
(©) the antlers of the deer (a) May
(D) how antlers are used (B) December
(C) October
2. The deer is called a distinctive animal (D) January
because it
(A) uses its antlers to recognize ee a
others
(B) has many species (A) soft
(©) has antlers B) long
(D) has to fight for its mates © gray
(D) coarse
3. The word “adorn” in line 1 is closest
in meaning to which of the following? 8. The word “solid” in line 6 could best
be replaced by which of the
cos following?
(B) Decorate
(C) Bother (A) Firm
(D) Hide (B) Thin
(© Leafy
4. The word “primarily” in line 2 is (D) Tiny
closest in meaning to
(A) primitively
9. In winter the mature antlers
(A) are soft knobs
(B) only
(C) mainly (B) come off
(D) once (C) are covered with velvety hair
(D) begin again
5. It is NOT mentioned in the passage ;
that the deer uses its antlers 10. Where in the passage does the author
explain how a deer uses its antlers?
(A) to battle other deer
(A) Lines 2-3
(B) to get a mate
(C) to become a leader ~ — (B) Lines 4-5
(D) to climb branches (C) Line 6
(D) Line7
anit
Escaneado con CamScanner 194
Line
(5)
READING COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE TWO (Questions 11-20)
REM (rapid eye movement) sleep is a type
This type of sleep generally occurs four or five
periods of time ranging from five minutes to forty minutes for each occurrence. The
periods of REM sleep become longer and longer as the night progress®-:.
Physical changes occur in the body to show that a person has transitions from
NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep to REM sleep. Breathing becomes faster, the
heart rate increases and. as the name implies, the eyes begin to move quickly.
‘Accompanying these physical changes in the body is a very important characteristic
of REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that dreams occur.
of sleep that is important to humans.
times during one night of sleep, in
11. The subject of this passage is
(A) the human need for REM sleep
(B) physical changes in the human
body
(© the characteristics of REM sleep
(D) why people sleep
12. According to the passage, how often
does REM sleep occur in one night?
(A) Once
(B) Twice
(C) Four or five times
(D) Forty times
13. AREM sleep period of forty minutes
‘would most likely be which period of
REM sleep?
(A) The first period
(B) The second period
(C) The third period
(D) The fourth period
14. The word “progresses” in line 4 is
closest in meaning to
(A) continues
(B) darkens
(C) falls
(D) sleeps
15, The word “transitioned” in line 5
could best be replaced by which of
the following?
(Aj Breathed
(B} Increased
(C) Fallen
(D) Moved
16. The N in NREM probably stands for
which of the following words?
(A) Nine
(B) Non
(C) Name
(D) Night
Escaneado con CamScanner 17. According to the passage, all of the
following occur during REM sleep
EXCEPT that
(A) the rate of breathing increases
(B) the heart rate speeds up
(C) the eyes remain steady
(D) dreams take place
18. The word “Accompanying” in line 8
could best be replaced by which of
the following?
(A) Along with
(B) Inspite of
(©) Incontrast to
(D) Because of
19,
20.
READING COMPREHENSION 195
Where in the passage does the author
discuss the length of periods of REM
sleep?
(A) Line 1
(B) Lines 2-3
(C) Lines 6-7
(D) Lines 8-9
The author mentions a nonphysical
occurrence during REM sleep in
(A) line 1
(B) lines 3-4
(©) lines 5-6
(D) lines 8-9
Escaneado con CamScanner 196
Line
(5)
(10)
(15)
READING COMPREHENSION
PASSAGE THREE (Questions 21-30)
In the 1930s, Chester F. Carlson was working in the patents depart
electronics firm in New York City. One of the major problems in his wo!
of time and expense involved in getting patents copied; patents
documents, and the only ways to get them copied were to take
photographer. Either way of copying patents took a lot of time and ¢'
He came up with the idea for a machine that would copy docu!
efficiently. He researched the idea in the library and then worked ©
period on developing a machine that used a light, an electrostaticall:
powder to duplicate images on paper. The result of this wo!
ment of a large
rk was the length
‘were lengthy legal
them to a typist or toa
ost a Jot of money.
ments quickly and
wer a three-year
ly charged plate, and
rk was a machine that
produced the first xerographic copy on October 22, 1938. He named the process
“Xerox,” which is derived from a word meaning “dry writing.”
Carlson felt that he had a good idea, one that would be extremely help!
idea to a number of large corporations,
business world. He tried to sell
were not terribly interested in his machine. He was able to get some
the machine from a nonprofit institute, and a few years later he sold the
ful in the
but they
help in developing
process to a
small family-owned company. This small company grew into the giant Xerox
Corporation, and both Carlson and Xerox became rather wealthy in the process.
21. This passage is mainly about
(A) Carlson's job in a patent office
(B) how the Xerox machine works
(C) Carlson's success in business
(D) the development of the Xerox
machine
22. Which of the following is NOT
mentioned as a problem that Carlson
encountered in getting patents
copied?
(A) The time needed for copying
(B) The expense of the copying
(C) The length of the patents
(D) The dependability of the
photographers
23. The word “expense” in line 3 is closest
in meaning to
(A) cost
(B) difficulty
(©) legality
(D) payment
24. The word “researched” in. line 7 is
closest in meaning to which of the
following?
(A) Searched for
(B) Came up with
(C) Looked for information about