OTDR Simulator Provided By

User’s Manual

OPTICAL TIME DOMAIN

REFLECTOMETER

UOR 100/200 Series

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 Table of Contents

Section 1.0 General Information

Limited Warranty
Safety Information
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Accessories
1.3 Working Principle
1.4 OTDR Specifications

Section 2.0 Software

2.1 Software Installation
2.2 To Change COM Port or Communication Speed
2.3 Operating the OTDR

Section 3.0 Functional Descriptions

3.1 Trace Screen
3.2 Menu Toolbar
3.3 Icon Toolbar
3.4 Information Panel

Section 4.0 Operations

4.1 Measurement Parameters
4.1.1 To set Wavelength and Fiber Type
4.1.2 To set Backscattering Coefficient
4.1.3 To set the Refractive Index
4.1.4 To set the Distance Range
4.2 Number of Averages
4.2.1 To set the Averaging Time
4.2.2 To set the Trace Refresh Time
4.3 To set the Threshold Values for Automatic Trace Analysis
4.4 Trace Screen Overview

Section 5.0 Taking Measurements

5.1 Real-time mode
5.2 Averaging Mode
5.3 Measurement between two points
5.4 Measurement by Approximation
5.5 Measuring an Event
5.6 Reflective Coefficient Measurement
5.7 Measuring Optical Return Loss (ORL)
5.8 Distance Measurement
5.9 Automatic Trace Measurement
5.10 To Turn the Filter On/Off

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Section 6.0 Software Features
6.1 Events Table
6.1.1 Events Table
6.1.2 Sections Table
6.2 To Insert or Delete marks
6.3 To Compare Traces
6.3.1 Creating Templates
6.3.2 Comparing Traces
6.4 To Input User Information
6.4.1 User and Job Description
6.4.2 OTDR information
6.4.3 Measurement Parameters
6.4.4 Automatic Threshold Values
6.5 Opening a Saved Trace
6.6 Printing Traces
6.7 Changing the Vertical or Horizontal Scales

Section 7.0 Operational Preferences

7.1 Changing Distance Units
7.2 Changing the Background Grid
7.3 Start and Exit Menu
7.4 Windows Integration Menu
7.5 To Change the Color Scheme

Section 8.0 Maintenance and Troubleshooting

8.1 Troubleshooting
8.2 Maintenance and Storage
8.3 Transportation
8.4 Full Warranty
8.5 Returns
8.6 Registration Code

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 General Information

Limited Warranty

One Year Limited Warranty

All Advanced Fiber Solutions products are warranted against defective

material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment to the
original customer. Any product found to be defective within the warranty period
will be repaired or replaced by Advanced Fiber Solutions. In no case will
Advanced Fiber Solutions liabilities exceed the original purchase price of the
product.

Exclusions

The warranty on your equipment shall not apply to defects resulting from the
following:

 Misuse, negligence or accident

 Unauthorized repair or modification

For full details of Advanced Fiber Solutions warranty, please go to:

www.afs-i.com
Or call 617-698-2523 for a copy of Advanced Fiber Solutions warranty

Safety Information

Warning! When working with an OTDR, Never look or stare

directly into the optical outputs of fiber optic test equipment, patch cords or test
jumpers.

Use of procedures or adjustments other than those specified herein may

result in hazardous radiation exposure. Optical radiation that is harmful to the eye
may be present. This may result in permanent eye damage. While the chances of
such an occurrence taking place is very unlikely, Advanced Fiber Solutions, Inc.
still strongly advises against this. Refer to your company’s safety procedures
when working with optical systems.

The uOR series OTDR contains no user serviceable parts. Except for
cleaning the optical port, this instrument must be returned to Advanced Fiber
Solutions, Inc. or an authorized agent for repair or calibration.

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1.1 Introduction

Thank you for purchasing Advanced Fiber Solutions, Inc. Optical Time
Domain Reflectometer. The purpose of this users manual is to explain how to
use and maintain this OTDR. If you have any questions regarding your fiber optic
instrument or if you need technical or application support, please contact
Advanced Fiber Solutions, Inc. This manual includes the technical
characteristics, operating principles and operating procedures for the uOR-
100/200 Series OTDR.

The uOR-100 or uOR-200 series OTDR package includes

 OTDR mainframe
 Carrying Case
 Users manual
 USB cable
 OTDR application software

1.2 Recommended Accessories

Fiber optic test cables (launch cables, pulse suppression cables, patch
cords or jumpers) to connect the fiber under test and the OTDR. The test cables
must have the same core and cladding size as the fiber under test. The
connector on the OTDR and the test cable must be the same type. i.e. FC to FC

A supply of optical cleaning pads, isopropyl alcohol or filtered compressed

air is recommended for cleaning the fiber optic connectors.

Important! Proper care in handling should be taken when using any precision
optical test equipment. Scratched or contaminated optical connectors can impact
the performance of the instrument. It is important to keep the optical port door
closed when the unit is not being used.

1.3 Working Principle

The OTDR’s operating principle is based on the measurement of the

Raleigh Backscattering Signal, generated by sending a high power optical pulse
from the OTDR through the optical fiber. Light is reflected back to the OTDR.
This backscattered light is measured by the sensitive optic receiver, converted to
digital form and averaged to improve the signal to noise ratio. The resulting
signal forms a graph called a TRACE. The trace is a visual representation of the
backscattering coefficient created by the OTDR to determine the “events.” The
trace shows the “events” on the fiber optic link such as breaks, splice loss,
bends, attenuation and distance.
This OTDR is the perfect tool for the construction, maintenance and
restoration of cable plants and also as an educational tool. The Micro OTDR is

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accurate enough for laboratory use but portable and rugged enough for field
applications.

There is more to this Micro PC- Based OTDR other than its size and the
fact that it doesn’t require batteries. There are 4 different options with the single
mode version, with dynamic ranges from 31 to 43 dB. The Micro OTDR offers a
fully functional OTDR for much less than the majority of other OTDR’s on the
market today.

The Micro OTDR consists of the single, small rugged case. It is lightweight
and has low power consumption. The Micro OTDR is used in conjunction with a
Laptop or PC with a USB interface, eliminating the need for batteries completely.
The USB connection allows the Micro OTDR to be controlled from a laptop and
runs off of Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP versions. The Micro OTDR software allows
the user to determine all the necessary characteristics of the optical fiber and is
capable of displaying, storing, reading, printing and analyzing several traces at
the same time.

1.4 Technical Specifications

Type Multimode Single mode

850 / 1300 +- 20 nm 1310 / 1550 +-20 nm
Dynamic range, dB 26 / 25 **
Attenuation dead zone, m 12 6
@ < -40dB back reflection
Event dead zone, m 3 1.5
Pulse width, ns 10…1000 10…20000
Distance range, km 2, 5, 10, 20,40,80,120,160,240
Sampling resolution, m 0.32 … 18
Loss resolution, dB 0.001
Refractive index range setting 1.0000 … 2.0000
Size, inches, mm 6 ¼”x 3x 11/4”, 170 x 80 x 30
Weight, lbs, kg 1 lb, 0.5 kg
Supply current from USB port, mA < 200 mA

** 4 versions available:
 32/31 dB
 36/35 dB
 40/39 dB
 43/42 dB

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2.0 Software Installation

A Windows based PC or Laptop is required to use and control the OTDR.

The OTDR software is compatible with a Windows ™ operating system,
95/98/2000/NT and XP. The software is capable of displaying, storing, reading,
printing and analyzing several traces at the same time. The OTDR operates via a
USB cable to a PC or Laptop.

2.1 Software Installation

The OTDR kit includes a CD, which operates the OTDR via a Laptop or
PC.

To install the software:

1. Insert CD in computer

2. In CD drive open “Setup.exe”

4. Install program on Laptop or PC

5 Install USB driver from CD when OTDR is connected to PC or Laptop

**Important**

Before running the OTDR for the first time on any giving PC or Laptop, it may be
necessary to change the communication serial port (COM) and/or the data
communication speed when the OTDR is connected to the PC or Laptop via the
provided USB cable. Check that USB to UART bridge controller under ports
(COM) in the device manager (Settings control panel  system  hardware 
device manager) is set to the correct COM port setting for OTDR hardware
software initialization.

2.2 To change the COM port or Communication speed

On the Menu Bar Select Setup  Port

The following dialog box (figure 2.2) will appear

Figure 2.2

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 Choose a COM-port number and corresponding communication speed.

Note 1 *Maximum Speed is recommended. If you are running an older PC

or Laptop that cannot support such speeds, the initialization of the OTDR will not
be successful. In this case lower your communication speed to the next lowest
speed. The software must be closed and restarted for the changes to take effect.

Congratulations! You have successfully installed your OTDR software.

Now you are ready to use your OTDR.

2.3 Operating the OTDR

1. Turn on computer
2. Connect the OTDR to the PC or Laptop via the USB cable provided
3. Launch OTDR software – software verifies initialization
4. Connect fiber optic cable being tested to OTDR
5. Set measurement parameters according to testing requirement

Helpful Hint. #1

The PC or Laptop must be started up first, then connect the OTDR to the
PC or Laptop for initialization to be successful.

Helpful Hint #2

The software can also be used without the OTDR attached. When the
software is up and running, all of the available functions of the OTDR are
available by opening previously save traces, with the exception of the
Measurement Modes (Run or Fast).

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3.0 Functional Description

3.1 The Trace Screen of the OTDR software looks like this

 Menu Bar

 Button
Toolbar

 Trace Title

 Trace Window

 Information
Panel

Figure 3.1

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3.2 Menu Toolbar

The menu Toolbar is set up in standard Windows™ format. Below is an overview

of the menu options.

3.2.1 File Menu

 Open a saved trace

 Close the current trace window
 Save the current trace
 Save the current trace under another name
 Print Setup
 Print Preview
 Print the current Trace
 Exit

Figure 3.2

3.2.2 Measurement Menu

 Run Normal- Starts measurement with

Averaging
 Run Fast- Starts Measurement in real time
 Stops the measurement process
 Parameter submenu
Figure 3.3

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3.2.3 Mode Menu

 Attenuation between two points

 Attenuation by straight line trace
approximation
 Attenuation measurements of
OF events
 Reflection coefficient
measurement mode
 Optical return loss measurement
 Refractive Index adjustment
 Backscattering coefficient
adjustment
 Trace information
 Inserts line markers
 Delete markers
 Open marks table
 Automatic trace analysis
Figure 3.3  Adjust the automatic trace
threshold values
 Measured trace filtration

3.2.4 Compare Menu

 Copies trace to clipboard

 Inserts trace from clipboard to current
trace
 Deletes inserted trace
 Shifts inserted trace vertically
 Stores current trace as template
 Applies template to trace
 Deletes template
 Copies trace to clipboard

Figure 3.4

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3.2.5 Zoom Menu

 Select the horizontal zoom

ratio
 Zoom-in horizontally
 Zoom-out horizontally
 Restores horizontal zoom
scale to default setting
 Select the vertical zoom
Ratio
 Zoom-in vertically
 Zoom-out vertically
Figure 3.5  Restore zoom scale to
default setting
 Restores both scales to
default setting

3.2.6 Setup Menu

 Serial port and

communication speed set-up
for OTDR
 Software preference set-up
 Various color adjustments
Figure 3.6

3.2.7 Window Menu

 Minimizes trace window

 Allows the user to compare
traces
 Manually arrange all
Figure 3.7 minimized windows
 Windows list shows all open
traces

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3.3 Icon Toolbar Menu

The Icon Toolbar is below the Menu bar, these icons are shortcuts to the items
on the “menu” bar and their corresponding “Hotkeys.”

Figure 3.8

Opens a previously saved trace [CTRL + O] Inserts a mark for the current mode and
marker position [CTRL+ENTER]

Saves a current trace [CTRL + S] Deletes all the marks between markers
[ALT+DEL]

Prints a current trace Opens a table of the current trace marks

[Т]

Starts the measurement process in Normal Automatic trace analysis [A]

mode

Starts the measurement process in real time Copies current trace to clipboard
mode [ENTER] [CTRL+INS]

Cancels the current measurement process Inserts trace from clipboard onto host
[ESC] trace [SHIFT+INS]

Opens up the measurement parameters Deletes inserted trace [CTRL+DEL]

window

Attenuation measurement between two points Applies a template to current trace

mode [P] [CTRL+T]

Attenuation measurement by straight-line Horizontal zoom in control [H]

trace approximation [D]

Attenuation measurement in OF junctions [S] Horizontal zoom out control [CTRL+H]

Reflection coefficient measurement [R] Vertical zoom in control [V]

OF refractive index adjustment [N] Vertical zoom out control [CTRL+V]

Trace information [I] Restores all trace scales [ALT+BKSP]

13

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3.4 Information panel

The information panel appears at the bottom of the main window when the trace
window is open or is in the process of taking a measurement. The information
panel contains all of the data corresponding to the current trace in the window.
The measurement units in the information panel change according to what
measurement mode the OTDR is in. Figure 3.9 is an example of the information
panel with the OTDR in 2 point attenuation mode. The panel will change
depending on the measurement mode.

Figure 3.9

 Left marker position (L, km)

 Right marker position (R, km)
 Distance between the left and right marker (L-R, km)
 Attenuation between markers (dB)
 Attenuation coefficient (dB/km)
 List of traces currently open
 Name of trace in clipboard buffer
 Name of trace in template
 Viewing window of current trace

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Section 4.0 Operations

Remember * Trace measurements are only possible when the OTDR is attached
to a PC or Laptop and also the optical fiber being tested.

4.1 Measurement parameters setup:

Before taking a measurement, it will be necessary to setup or change the testing

parameters.

Select Main Menu  Measurement  Parameters

or
Press the icon on the icon menu.

A dialog box will appear, as shown in Figure 4.1, were the Technician can
modify or change the specific testing parameters in the appropriate box.

Figure 4.1

15

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Important!

For more accurate measurements, it may be necessary for the Technician

adjust certain testing parameters for the specific fiber under test.

Helpful hint #3

The operating parameters should be set according to the fibers being

measured. For short fiber runs, shorter pulse widths and fewer averages are
optimum; with longer fiber runs, longer pulse widths and more averages are best.
The values chosen by the user are dependent upon the testing
requirements and there are tradeoffs that are sometimes necessary, for example:

Distance and Resolution

Or

Distance and Measurement

To explain the possible trade-offs, longer pulse widths permit greater

distances and/or higher attenuation measurement but longer pulse widths also
reduce event resolution.

Increasing the number of averages the OTDR takes will correspondingly

increase the time to complete the test.

For best results: If the approximate length of fiber being tested is known,
then, the distance on the parameter menu (figure 4.1) should be set to the next
longest distance past the length of the fiber under test. Next, choose the smallest
number of averages and the shortest pulse width and take a measurement until
the end of the fiber is seen. Note* If fiber end is not seen initially then
incrementally increase the pulse width until the fiber end is displayed.

Helpful hint #4

Use shorter pulse widths to see the beginning of the Fiber with greater resolution
nearest to the OTDR.

16

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4.1 Measurement Parameters (cont.)

4.1.1 Fiber type- wavelength: Select applicable wavelength to test.

MM-.85nm = Multimode at 850nm

MM-1.3nm = Multimode at 1300nm

Or

SM-1.3nm = Single mode at 1310nm

SM-1.55nm = Single mode at 1550nm

4.1.2 Backscattering Coefficient (BC)

Values of the optical pulses in dB that are scattered back to the OTDR from the
optical fiber being tested.

Default values

-81 dB for SM at 1550 nm

-80 dB for SM at 1310 nm
-75 dB for MM at 1300 nm
-72 dB for MM at 850 nm

4.1.3 Refractive index (n)

The optical fiber’s refractive index can be adjusted in increments of 0.00001.

Help hint #5

For an exact index of refraction value of the cable, contact the fiber optic cable
manufacturer.

Default values

1.4682 for SM at 1550nm

1.4675 for SM at 1310nm
1.486 for MM at 1300nm
1.490 for MM at 850nm

17

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4.1.4 Distance range (Lmax)

This value has to be chosen by the user and the distance must be greater than
the fiber under test.

Available values in km:

2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 240

Helpful Hint #6

GHOSTS!

If the length of the fiber under test is equal to or slightly more than 2/3 the
distance range (Lmax), this can lead to small distortions of attenuation. The
appearances of false scattered pulses on the smooth part of the fiber trace are
called “Ghosts.” Increasing your Lmax value will help you avoid “Ghosts.”

Section Begin (L1) defines the left marker. This marker can be placed anywhere
from 0 to L2 of the fiber under test.

Section End (L2) defines the right marker. This marker can be placed anywhere
from the L1 to the Lmax of the fiber under launch.

Resolution (dL) selects the measurement sampling points.

Helpful Hint #7 use shorter sampling points for shorter fiber runs.

Pulsewidth (TP) Select pulse width. Shorter pulses are generally used for
shorter distances and higher resolution. Longer pulse widths are required for
longer fiber runs. The allowable pulse width is determined by the distance range-
Lmax.

Pulse widths options in nsec:

10, 30, 90, 300, 1000, 3000, 10,000, 30,000

4.2 Measuring with Averaging

Number of Averages (4096*Nav) This defines the number of allowable trace

averages when the OTDR in the “RUN” mode. Nav may be set to any of the
following values:

Nav = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024

18

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4.2.1 Averaging Time (min: sec) The user also has the option to set the time
range that they would like for a particular measurement.

4.2.2 Trace refresh time This defines the screen refresh rate when the OTDR is
in “Run “ or “Real-time” mode. Options are:

0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 sec.

4.3 Threshold values for Automatic Trace Analysis

The parameter menu contains the threshold values that the OTDR compares
with the actual trace values when operating in the Automatic Trace Analysis
mode. These values are inputted by the OTDR operator and are used to
compare expected measurement values to actual measurement values. The
measurement values are displayed on the events table and if the expected
parameters are not met – the results will be indicated by an asterisks “*.”

Event Loss (LT) The maximum threshold value of attenuation in an event in dB.

Reflectance (RT) The maximum threshold value of the reflection coefficient in

dB.

End of Fiber (ET) The maximum attenuation value in dB of any event. Once this
threshold value is exceeded, the automatic trace analysis determines this
position to be the end of the fiber and all subsequent events are ignored.

Fiber Loss (CT) The maximum value of the attenuation coefficient for a section
of fiber in dB/km. If the threshold is exceeded, the coefficient value will be
marked by an asterisk “*” in the marks table. This cannot be construed as
certification – as true attenuation loss, according to the standards (EIA/TIA) are
only determined by a power meter and a source.

Default values of Fiber Loss

0.25 dB/km for Singlemode at 1550nm

0.4 dB/km for singlemode at 1310nm
1.0 dB/km for multimode at 1300bnm
2.0 dB/km for multimode at 850nm

19

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4.4 Information displayed on the Trace Window

Figure 4.2 is a visual representation of the fiber optic link, called, The Trace.
The beginning of the fiber optic link is on the left side. The slope or attenuation of
the fiber link can be seen as the trace moves to the right. There are two “active”
markers, the information containing the location of the markers is located at the
bottom of the screen at shown in figure 3.9

Figure 4.2

The screen also displays several numbers that correspond to

measurement values (attenuation, attenution loss at an event, distance to an
event and Optical Return Loss (ORL), These are the measurements from the
Automatic Trace Analysis that the OTDR performs. The complete information on
the Automatic Trace Analyis is further explained in Sections 4.3 and 5.9

On the bottom of the window in Figure 4.2 (in the gray area) are the testing
parameters that the user set up prior to testing the fiber optic link. See Section
4.1 on measurement parameters for more information.

X = Shows the coordinates of L1 and L2 and the scale of the distance on the
horizontal axis.
Y = Shows the coordinates of L1 and L2 and the scale of the loss per division on
the vertical axis.
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Note* Values are inputted by the user in the measurement parameters window,
prior to testing the fiber.

The eight (8) boxes on the bottom of the trace window represent the users preset
parameter

1st box = Identifies the fiber type (multimode or singlemode) and wavelength
N =The Refractive Index of the fiber
Lmax = Distance Range
Tp = Duration of the Pulse Width
Nav = Number of Averages
L1 = Distance from the beginning of the fiber to the beginning of the
measured section
L2 = Distance from the beginning of the fiber to the end of the measured
section.

21

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Section 5.0 Taking Measurements

Measuring

There are two measurement modes

A. Fast (Real-time mode)

B. Run with averaging

5.1 Launching measurement in the Fast (Real Time) mode

Select Measurement  Fast (Real time) Measuring

or
Press the icon or press the Enter key

Once in the real-time mode, the button becomes the button, which will
stop the measurement process. At the same time, the information panel displays
a danger laser symbol .

To stop the Real time measurement

Select Measurement  Stop

or
Press the button or press the Esc key

Note: It is possible to change from Real time measuring to Run (with averaging)
by hitting the ENTER button twice.

The OTDR’s analysis of the fiber under test is shown in the trace window. The
attenuation will be shown as a number horizontally on the fiber trace with a unit
of measurement. I.E. 0.175 dB/Km, which means the trace, has 0.175 dB of loss
per kilometer

Helpful hint #8

The “real-time” measurement mode is helpful when the Technician is adjusting

two fibers, i.e. when splicing or adjusting a fiber optic link. The Technician can
see the loss during alignment of two fibers.

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5.2 Launching a measurement in the Normal mode

The measurement mode with averaging is designed for measuring and analyzing
all of the parameters of the fiber optic cable. When using this feature, the
measurement average counter is displayed on the bottom of the main screen.
The OTDR displays a progress bar (Nav=Number of Averages) at the bottom of
the screen. This indicates time elapsed verses total measurement time. The
software will beep when the total measurement is completed.

To Start the Measurement with Averaging

Select Measurement  Run Normal

or
Press the icon or press the ENTER key twice

Once the OTDR is in the measuring mode with averaging, the button now
becomes the button, which when pressed, will stop the measurement
process. At the same time, the information panel displays a danger laser symbol
.

To stop the Measuring mode with averaging

Select Measurement  Stop

or
Press the button or press the Esc key

5.3 Measuring Attenuation between two marker points

To measure the attenuation between any two points on the fiber under test.

Select Mode  2PT Attenuation

or
Press the icon or press the “P” key

In this mode, the measurement values are shown on the bottom of the screen in
the information panel (Figure 5.1). The measurement values are based upon
where the left hand marker (L) and right hand marker (R) are positioned on the
trace screen. The dB field in the information panel displays the attenuation
between the left and right hand markers, while the dB/km field displays the
attenuation coefficient.
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5.4 Measuring the Attenuation by Approximation

The attenuation measurement by approximation mode is used to measure “non-

event” sections of the fiber optic link. This mode increases the accuracy of the
attenuation measurement between the two markers by using a straight line to
approximate the measurement.

Select Mode Attenuation LSA

or
Press the or press the “D” key

Figure 5.1

The approximation straight-line measurement values are shown at the bottom of

the screen in the information panel (Figure 5.1). The measurement values are
based upon where the left hand (L) and right hand (R) markers are positioned on
the trace screen. The dB field in the information panel displays the attenuation
between the left and right hand markers, while the dB/km field displays the
attenuation coefficient.

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5.5 Attenuation Measurement of an “Event”

Using the “Five Markers” method (Figure 5.2) the OTDR measures the
attenuation of a specific event. To measure event attenuation, follow these
procedures:

Place the left and right marker on the outer edge of the event (i.e. a splice)
(Figure 5.2)

Select ModeSplice Loss

or
Press the icon or press the “S” key

Figure 5.2

The “five marker” method works as follows; the red and blue vertical lines are
placed on either side of the event, as close as possible to the edges of the event,
without touching the event itself. The two outermost markers are used to
calculate the straight line approximation of the fibers on both sides of the event
and the fifth marker is used to locate the center of the event.

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The measurement results are displayed in the fourth and fifth table lines on the
information panel.

Spl, dB = Attenuation of the event

Spl, km = Distance to the middle of the event being tested (middle
marker)

5.6 Reflective Coefficient Measurement

To measure the reflection coefficient of a specific connector, follow these

procedures

1. Place the right marker on the peak of the reflected event

2. Place the left marker on the trace directly before the event as in Figure
5.3
Select ModeReflectance
or
Press the icon or press the “R” key

Figure 5.3

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The measurement results will be displayed in the fourth and fifth table lines on
the information panel.

R, dB = Reflection Coefficient
R, km = Distance to the beginning of the left marker

5.7 Optical Return Loss (ORL) measurements

ORL, db = the ratio (in dB) of the optical power entered into the fiber link
verses the power which is returned to the beginning of the fiber.

For ORL measurements of a partial fiber link or the whole fiber link use the
following procedure

1. Place the left and right markers on the fiber link that is being tested.
(Figure 5.4)
Select ModeORL
or
Press the “O” key

Figure 5.4

The resulting ORL measurement will be displayed in the fifth column on the
information panel.
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5.8 Measuring Distance

To calculate the distance to an event, place the left marker on the left side of the
event. The distance to the marker will be displayed on the information panel (L)
of the screen.

Figure 5.5

For greater distance measurement accuracy, it may be necessary to stretch the

trace horizontally and vertically. (See Section 6.7)

The distance accuracy is dependent on the fibers refractive index value.

Helpful Hint #9

If the refractive index value is unknown but the fiber length is known, then the
refractive index can be estimated by comparing the index of refraction with a
known value from a previous trace.

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5.8 To Change the Refractive Index

Select ModeRefractive index

or
Press the button or press the “N” key

The following box appears (Figure 5.6):

Figure 5.6

The Refractive Index box allows the user to adjust the refractive index setting
according to the specific fiber under test.

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5.9 Automatic Trace Analysis

When the OTDR takes a measurement it also performs an automatic trace

analysis. Once the trace analysis is completed, the OTDR will determine the
following

 Distance of the fiber link

 Attenuation of the fiber link
 The fibers ORL
 Splice loss
 Connector loss

For the OTDR’s automatic trace analysis, perform the following procedure:

Select ModeAnalysis
or
Press the icon or press the “A” Key

Figure 5.7

Once the OTDR completes the test, the OTDR displays the results on the trace
screen, as shown in figure 5.7. The results are also displayed in the Events
Table (Section 6.1)

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The OTDR will establish “marks” with the “” symbol. From these marks, the
OTDR determines the appropriate values.

 The event distance(s) is represented vertically on the trace.

 Fiber attenuation values are displayed as dB/distance (unit
measurements).
 Optical return loss is displayed as a single value (no unit measurements).

In the auto mode, the OTDR compensates for the “Dead Zone” of the fiber link
and calculates the attenuation from the end of the dead zone.

Helpful Hint #10: In longer fiber links, the pulse signal to noise ratio becomes
more of an issue. The noise can cause measurement discrepancies. For
example, splice events with small losses are difficult to distinguish from
background noise. These sections should be analyzed “manually” by erasing the
marks “” and placing correct marks closer to the event under test, See section
6.2 for more details on moving markers.

The threshold values can be adjusted for the automatic analysis mode.

Select ModeThreshold. A window will appear (figure 5.8)

Figure 5.8

5.10 Filter

The filter is a device used to take away (Filter) the background noise and make
the trace smoother

Helpful Hint #9 Leaving the filter off, allows the OTDR to take more accurate
measurements

Select ModeFilter
or
Press the F icon or press the “F” key

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Section 6.0 Software features

6.1 The Events Table lists the measurement values of the data points (marks, )
on the particular trace under test. The Events Table (Figure 6.1) has two fields.
The “Events” field and the “Sections” Field.

Select ModeEvents Table

or
Press the icon or press the “T” key

Figure 6.1

6.1.1 The “Events” field contains

 Events in numeric order
 The type of event
R = Event with reflection
S = Event without reflection
 Distance from the beginning of the fiber to the event
 Reflective coefficient in an event (if any) in dB
 Attenuation of an event (if any) in dB
 Attenuation coefficient of a non-event in dB/km
 Total attenuation from the beginning of the fiber under test to the next
event in dB

The “Delete” Button will delete the highlighted marks from the trace window and
the corresponding data from the Events table. (Note* it is impossible to remove
the pre-established markers from the beginning and the end of the fiber trace.)

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When in the events table, the “Markers” button, when pressed, will jump to the
appropriate marks on the trace window related to the highlighted data.

The “Move” button allows the user to adjust the markers position incrementally
back and forth around the highlighted event in the trace window, allowing the
user to adjust any measurements made by the automatic trace analysis.

6.1.2 The Sections Field contains

 Distance to the first mark on the trace screen

 Distance to the second marker from the beginning of the fiber
 Complete attenuation between the marked sections
 Attenuation coefficient of the marked sections

Figure 6.2

Chosen sections will be highlighted on the events table and on the trace screen,
which are indicated by red square boxes on the bottom of the screen. Pressing
the “Markers” button will move the vertical markers in the trace window to the
location indicated by the highlighted section in the events table.

To delete a section simply highlight that particular section and press the delete
button.

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6.2 Inserting or Deleting Marks

The OTDR allows the user to measure a specific section of the fiber under test
by inserting marks  on the trace. To insert a set of markers, place the left
vertical marker and the right vertical marker at each side of a section to be
measured and press the “insert marks” button.

Helpful Hint #11

Before inserting marks  to take a measurement, make sure that the

appropriate button: , , or is selected for the measurement
value desired

Select ModeInsert Mark

or
Press the icon or press Ctrl + Enter keys

In order to delete the marks “” the left and right vertical markers must be
positioned so that the measurement mark “” is between them. Once the
markers are in place

Select ModeDelete Marks

or
Press the icon or press Alt + Delete keys

The measurement values will be deleted from the left and right vertical markers
and the section in between.

Section 6.3 The “Compare and Trace” function

For a fast analysis of a multi-fiber optic cable with many events, the Compare
and Trace function becomes a very useful tool. With the Compare and Trace
option, the user can transfer marks and parameters on one fiber to another by
simply pressing one key.

6.3.1 Creating Templates

Select CompareCreate Template

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Selecting the create template allows the user to save data points of the marks
on a trace to a buffer allowing the user to transfer those points on to a different
trace for evaluation.

The Compare drop down menu will now activate the functions Apply Template
and Delete Template. The icon also becomes active.

The data stored in the template buffer can be erased and written over by
repeating the above procedure.

Section 6.3.2 Comparing Traces

Each trace is displayed in its own separate window. However, if desired the user
may insert several traces in one window for data comparison.

To insert a trace from one window into another window simply follow the below
procedure:

Open the trace window to be copied.

Select CompareCopy
or
Press the icon or press the CTRL+INS keys

By selecting CompareCopy, the trace will be saved in the buffer displayed in

the information panel. The Compare and Paste functions will now become
active. Note: They may have already been activated from a previously
saved trace.

Open host trace window

Select ComparePaste
or
Press the icon or press the SHIFT+INS keys

Figure 6.3
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The names of the inserted traces will appear in the information panel under
Traces, Figure 6.3 (The host trace name will appear at the top of the list.)

It is possible to insert up to seven traces at the same time.

Only one trace at a time is active in the host window. This is indicated by the
symbol “^” beside the file name in the traces window of the information panel.
Using the vertical markers it is possible to measure the length and attenuation of
each active trace. To make a trace active simply double click on its name in the
information panel. Pressing keys CTRL+SPACE when it is highlighted will also
activate the trace. CTRL+PAGE UP and CTRL+PAGE DOWN will allow the user
to scroll up and down through traces in the information panel.

To remove an inserted trace from the host window, select and highlight the trace
then press the icon or press the CTRL+DEL keys.

It is possible to shift the inserted trace vertically in the host window. Highlight the
desired trace to shift and select the menu
item Compare  Shift Trace. The window
in figure 6.4 will appear on the screen.

“Shift up” and “Shift down” buttons will

move the select trace vertically. The “OK”
button will set the new trace location. The
"Restore position " button will return the
inserted trace to its original position. Figure 6.4

On the inserted trace it is possible to place vertical markers for specific

measurements or enter explanatory information and apply it to the function
"model.”

Section 6.4 Trace Description Input fields

Each trace has the option to add additional operating information. To view or add
information about the trace

Select ModeTrace information

Or
Press the icon or press the “I” key

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The following window will appear (figure 6.5)

Figure 6.5

6.4.1 Description/General bookmark (figure 6.5)

The Technician can input specific information about each fiber link that is
being tested. This includes cable/fiber ID, fiber type, fiber location, termination
location, fiber condition, the fiber optic test technician and any applicable
comments.

6.4.2 OTDR Information (figure 6.6)

This field shows the OTDR’s

mainframe characteristics.

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 Figure 6.6

6.4.3 Measurement Parameters

This bookmark page shows the initial measurement parameters that the user
sets to take the OTDR measurements. These values are inputted during the
initial measurement parameters (Chapter 4.1) set-up.

Figure 6.7

6.4.4 Analyze Parameters

This bookmark shows the threshold values selected by the Technician for the
automatic trace analysis (Chapter 5.9)

Figure 6.8

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 39

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6.5 Opening a file from a previously saved trace

To open a previously saved trace

Select File  Open

or
Press the icon on the toolbar

In Figure 6.9, the left part of the window looks like a standard Windows™ open
file dialog box. Saved trace files have extensions: ".ref" or ".sor". If the selected
file contains a trace, it will be displayed in the right part of dialog box with the
measurement parameters. The trace information can be recalled by pressing
button on the right bottom section of the window

Figure 6.9

6.6 Trace Printing

To print a trace
Select FilePrint
or
Press the icon on the toolbar

To preview the trace before it is printed, select FilePrint Preview.

To set up a printer, select FilePrinter set-up.

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6.7 Changing of the scale vertically and horizontally

The Trace can be stretched horizontally and vertically in order to magnify or

minimize the whole or part of the fiber under test.

This can be done through the below Icons on the menu bar or the “hotkeys”
shown in figure 6.10

Horizontal zoom in control [H]

Horizontal zoom out control [CTRL+H]

Vertical zoom in control [V]

Vertical zoom out control [CTRL+V]

Restores all trace scales [ALT+BKSP]

The “Hotkeys”

Function Hot keys

Zoom in horizontally H
Zoom out horizontally CTRL+H
Restore scale horizontally ALT+Н
Zoom in vertically V
Zoom out vertically CTRL+V
Restore scale vertically ALT+V
Restore scale ALT+BkSp
Figure 6.10

By changing the scale, the user can stretch or compress the trace. The zoom-in
or zoom-out parameter scale can be found on the menu bar:

Select ZoomSelect (Horizontal or Vertical Zoom value)

Allowed values are 1.1, 1.3, 2, 5, 10 Times

The trace section that has been adjusted, either vertically or horizontally, appears
on the information panel on the bottom of the screen, depicted by a rectangle of
closely dotted lines. The displayed trace in the information panel will adjust
depending upon which scale the technician has chosen.

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Section 7.0 Operational Preference parameters setup

The user can modify or change the appearance of the OTDR software depending
upon operation, measurement, or operator preferences. Some of the items the
user can modify are as follows

The trace screen, measurement parameters, (i.e. km to ft) or change the

language.

On the menu bar

Select Setup  Preferences

Figure 7.0

7.1 The General tab allows the user to

 Change the measurement value. Km, m, Ft, Kf and Mi are the available
options
 Change the language options, either English or Chinese
 Auto number the traces in the order the measurements are taken
 Provides the user the option of changing the file root
 Printing with or without color
 Allows the user to use the extended Print option
 Apply a Filter on all new traces
 Apply the “Automatic” analysis mode on all traces
 Copy the trace description
 Apply “Zoom” option on new traces
 Maximize the trace window

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7.2 The Trace tab

Figure 7.1

This menu allows the user to

 Turn on or Turn off the background grid
 Show the bottom marker bar, highlighted in Red
 Turn-on or turn-off the automatic analysis measurement
 Change the starting point of horizontal scrolling
 The marker speed can be changed to varying degrees

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7.3 The Start & Exit tab (Figure 7.2)

 Automatically check the device connection

 Confirm exit from the program
 Ask if the operator would like to save the trace upon closing
 Remember the last working directory

Figure 7.2

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7.4. The Window Integration tab (figure 7.3)

The “Windows” bookmark allows the user to

 Register extensions
 Create a shortcut to the PC or Laptops desktop

Figure 7.3

The “OK” button accepts any changes.

The “Reset” button resets default values.
The “Cancel” button cancels all the changes.

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7.5 Color palette setup

This option allows the user to change the color scheme of the OTDR by changing
the color palette. On the menu bar

Select Setup  Colors

Figure 7.4

To change specific colors of selected items,

 Highlight the specific “element”

 Select Change. A standard windows “Color” window will appear
 Select the colors you wish and press OK

Do this as necessary. To store changes and return to software press OK or

press Cancel to quit without changing any colors.

Section 8.0 Maintenance and Troubleshooting

8.1 Troubleshooting

Software does not load correctly

System needs to be Win 98 or more recent, at least 16MB of RAM and a
processor that is 75Mhz or better

PC or Laptop does not recognize OTDR

Check USB driver is loaded correctly
Check Com Port is compatible with OTDR software in PC device manager
Check PC or Laptop can handle communication speed

For further assistance contact AFS

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8.2 Maintenance and Storage

The UOR Series OTDR is a rugged field piece of equipment and needs minimum
maintenance. Basic Equipment safety procedures should be taken when using
any sort of test equipment or tools.

The Maintenance of the UOR Series OTDR’s includes

 Visual inspections to make sure the case, connector or USB port
are not damaged
 Prior to using any patch cord or launch cable, it is essential to clean
the connector ferrules of any dirt or dust. Use only a dedicated fiber
optic cleanser or a lint free pad soaked in Isopropyl or Ethyl one
 If you notice any damage to the OTDR mainframe, please contact
AFS for technical support

Storage specification

The storage room should be free from dust, acid vapors, alkalis and corrosive
gases.
 Ambient temperature ranging from 00C to 400 C
 Relative ambient humidity up to 80% (at 350C)

The unpacked instrument should be stored under the following conditions

 Ambient temperature ranging from 100C to 350C

 Relative ambient humidity up to 80% (at 250C)

8.3 TRANSPORTATION

The UOR Series OTDR, as packed by the manufacturer, can be transported in

closed-type vehicles of any kind [by rail, by truck/car, by river (in holds)]. When
transported by air the instrument should be placed in a heated airtight
compartment.

When transporting the packed instrument, all attempts for the UOR Series OTDR
to be kept within the following limits
Ambient temperature ranging from -20C to 50 C
Relative ambient humidity up to 95% (at 35C)

The arrangement and fixation of packed instruments should be in compliance

with the normative and technical documentation applicable to the vehicle used.

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If the instrument was transported, as packed by the manufacturer, at sub-zero
temperatures, after the transportation it should be left unpacked for two hours.

8.4 Warranty Certificate:

Advanced Fiber Solutions warrants that its products sold by it to purchaser will, upon
delivery to purchaser, be free of defects in workmanship or materials and will conform
and function in accordance with the specifications for the product as published by
Advanced Fiber Solutions and in effect at the time of delivery. Should any failure to
conform to this warranty become apparent during the one-year period after date of
delivery of the product to purchaser, AFS will, upon prompt written notice form the
purchaser, correct such non-conformity by repair or replacement at AFS’s Boston,
Massachusetts facilities, shipment to such facility to be at purchaser’s cost and repaired
or replaced components to be shipped to purchaser FOB AFS’s facility in Milton,
Massachusetts. Correction in the manner provided herein shall constitute a fulfillment of
all liability of AFS with respect to the quality of any products sold by it to purchaser.

THE FORGOING WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL

OTHER WARRANTIES OF QUALITY, WHETHER WRITTEN, ORAL OR IMPLIED
(INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR
PURPOSE). THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HERIN SHALL BE THE PURCHASER’S
SOLE REMEDY FOR ANY FAILURE OF AN AFS PRODUCT TO COMPLY WITH
THE WARRANTY PROVISIONS HERIN, WHETHER CLAIMS BY THE
PURCHASER ARE BASED IN CONTRACT OR IN TORT, INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE.

In no event will the AFS product warranty extend to non-conformity in the

performance resulting from: improper or inadequate maintenance performed by any
person other then AFS; failure of performance or function caused by or attributable to
any associated or complimentary equipment not supplied by AFS; modification of any
AFS product or connection therewith or supplementary equipment not supplied by AFS
or not produced by it; operation of the product or its use other then as provided by AFS;
accident, disaster, transportation or neglect or any other circumstance, agency or event
beyond AFS’s control.

IN NO EVENT SHALL AFS BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SUCH AS, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, DAMAGE OR
LOSS OF OTHER PROPERTY OR EQUIPMENT, LOSS OF PROFITS OR
REVENUES, LOSS OF USE OF EQUIPMENT, COST OF CAPITAL, COST OF
PURCHASED REPLACEMENT, OR CLAIMS FOR SERVICE INTERUTION.

The remedies of the purchaser set forth herein are exclusive and the liability of
AFS with respect to any contract or anything done in connection therewith, such as the
performance or breech thereof, or from sale, delivery, repair, or use of any AFS product,

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whether in contract, in tort, on strict liability or otherwise, shall not exceed the price of
the equipment or part thereof on which such liability is based.

8.5 To return equipment:

Please contact Advanced Fiber Solutions, Inc. to obtain additional
information and a Return Material Authorization number (RMA) number.

8.6 Registration Code:

MX1Z 9802 E5M5 1P2C 5239

Advanced Fiber Solutions, Inc.

PO Box 57
Milton, Ma 02186

617-698-2523
800-556-9313
Fax: 617-507-0784

Issue 2.0 Copy right Advanced fiber Solutions, Inc

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