CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY

OF THE CARMELITE ORDER

(References to Ireland are in italics)

TWELFTH CENTURY:
1187 Saladin’s victory at Hattin over the Crusaders left them with only a small territory
around Tyre.
1191 Third Crusade restored Acre. Mount Carmel was the only place where hermits could
live as it was still under Frankish power. Carmel had been an important staging point
for Saladin which suggests there may have been a lot of refugees here.

THIRTEENTH CENTURY:
1204 Election of Albert as Patriarch of Jerusalem by the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre.
1206 Albert’s arrival in the Holy Land.
1214 September 12 – Albert is stabbed to death.
1215 Fourth Lateran Council places a ban on forming new Religious Orders.
1216 Jaqcues de Vitry (Bishop of Acre until 1228), suggests that monks had been on Carmel
from the beginning of the Frankish Conquest of Palestine in the eleventh century but
available evidence only goes back to the thirteenth century.
1226 Confirmation of the norm of living of the hermits on Mount Carmel granted by
Honorius III.
1229 April 6 – the appeal to Gregory IX that the Rule had pre-dated the 1215 ban is
accepted and the Rule recognised. Also that day, hermits no longer allowed to own
land or possessions thereby making them mendicants. Gregory instructed that the
prior be elected by the majoris et sanioris partis.
April 9 – the hermitage on Mount Carmel placed under the protection of the Holy
See.
1238 Already to be found in Europe. Earliest foundation was at Valenciennes in 1235.
1247 The presence of the Order in Europe is referred to by Innocent IV. October 1 – Rule
mitigated by Innocent IV with the help of two Dominican theologians. Rule further
mitigated by a decision of the Aylesford General Chapter to start using Constitutions.
St Simon Stock.
1254 Prior given the power to grant faculties.
1256 Carmelites had the Rule confirmed against those who questioned their legitimacy with
regard to Lateran IV. Repeated in 1262 and 1289.
1261 Alexander IV granted permission to the Order to build public churches.
1266 Nicholas of France elected Prior General until 1271. Writes the “Fiery Arrow” (1270) in
praise of the contemplative life over the active one.
1267 House founded at Avignon.
1271 Carmelites arrive in Ireland and build their first house by the River Barrow at Leighlinbridge, Co
Carlow.
1274 Second Council of Lyons re-enforced Lateran IV and canonized the four mendicant
orders which were to be allowed: Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians and
Carmelites.
1281 Lay Brothers now excluded from Provincial and General Chapters.
1286 Honorius IV granted the Order papal patronage.
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1287 Earliest Acts of the Chapter which still exist.
July 22 – stripped mantle changed by the General Chapter for the white one after
permission granted by Honorius IV. Stripped mantle had caused embarrassment and
prevented entry into universities, etc.
1289 Boniface III gave unconditional approval to the Order which had been restricted by
Lyons II.
1290 Order establishes a friary in Kildare Town.
1291 Lay brothers now deprived of active and passive voice.

FOURTEENTH CENTURY:
Government of the Order in the thirteenth century was very much along the Dominican
model. Huge growth is experienced in the second half of the century. By 1300, there were 150
houses across Europe and the Holy Land, including 9 friaries in Ireland. In the first half of
the century St Angelus, the first to come to Sicily from Mount Carmel, was martyred.

1304 Earliest record of female profession.

1305 St Peter Thomas born. Was Procurator General at Avignon before being made a
bishop and working in various Sees for the Holy See. Made Latin Patriarch of
Constantinople in 1364. He died in 1366.
1307 St Albert of Trapani (in Sicily) dies.
1317 John XXII gave the Order full exemption from episcopal jurisdiction.
1322 Sabbatine Bull of John XXII which confirmed the Scapular Confraternity and the
promise of the Scapular Vision (that is, a happy death and salvation to its wearers). No
original of this document is to be found.
1324 John Wycliff born (died 1384). He was strongly opposed by English Carmelites,
especially Thomas Netter Waldensis (died 1430) who was an aid to both Henry V and
Henry VI.
1326 Super cathedram of John XXII gave all the privileges of the Franciscans and Dominicans
to the Order.
1334 Order establishes a friary in Kinsale, Co Cork.
1348 The Black Death. At the General Chapter at Metz, 200 friars died.
1356 Order establishes a friary at Knocktopher, Co Kilkenny.
1360 Saint Nuno de Santa Maria Alvares Pereira born. A champion of Portuguese
independence before he joined the Order following the death of his wife in 1423. He
died in 1431.
1374 January 6 – St Andrew Corsini, bishop, dies. He was born at the start of the century.
1395 Blessed John Soreth, for a time Prior General, born. He died in 1471.
1399 The general chapter decreed the celebration of the Feast of St Elisha.
Rubrica Prima – declared the Order came from Elijah and Elisha – the start of the tale.

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FIFTEENTH CENTURY:
While the papacy was at Avignon the centre of the Order also moved there and stayed in their
house there. A split arose in the Order following the split in the papacy. Urban VI was elected
in Rome in 1378 but refused to go to Avignon. The majority of the Cardinals were French
and immediately declared the election invalid (though they had voted for Urban) and instead
elected Clement VII on September 20. He was recognised by France, Flanders, Spain and
Scotland, and Urban by all the rest. Both popes appointed generals to the Order who ruled in
the two “territories.” The Order was re-united in 1409 when the Council of Pisa deposed the
successors of both Urban and Clement. Much slower expansion in the fourteenth century
with 150 new houses by 1400. This century also was the greatest expansion Ireland ever saw.

1409 In his Sabbatine Bull of December 7, Alexander V confirms that of John XXII regarding
the Scapular Fraternity and promise.
1430 General Chapter at Nantes probably agreed to seek the second mitigation of the Rule.
1432 Supplica of February 2 to the Holy See seeking the mitigation. Granted that day by
Eugene IV.
1413 Reform of Mantua is agreed with the first house being in Le Selve (between Florence
and Pisa). Cloister and silence were stressed with no entrance for the laity. Covered
three houses.
1447 April 17 – Blessed Baptist Spagnoli of Mantua born. Was Vicar General of the
Mantuan Congregation six times and also Prior General of the Order. He died March
20, 1516.
1480s Reform of Albi began.

RENAISSANCE:
Erasmus – Some of his bitterest enemies and critics were Carmelites. Many Carmelites were
taken in by the Renaissance and animated by it.

REFORMATION:
The Provinces of Saxony, England, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark and parts of Germany (Upper and
Lower) were lost. Poland also diminished. Continental reforms of the Order had not reached
the English so the Province quickly died away for want of martyrs. A number of the friars,
including provincials, supported Henry VIII (and received bishoprics for it). Ireland began to
loose houses in August 1539 but still remained though not always with a prior provincial because of
travel in the country.

SIXTEENTH CENTURY:
1515 Teresa de Ahumada y Cepeda (Teresa of Avila) born (died 1582). Mystic, reformer and
Doctor of the Church.
1527 First Carmelite to arrive in South America as a chaplain to the Portuguese
expeditionary forces. King Philip II had given permission to some orders to go to his
new territories but the Order was late in applying for permission and so were refused
it. The Crown did nominate Carmelites to be bishops there however.
1532 Knocktopher friary lost during the Reformation.
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1539 Kildare and Dublin friaries lost during the Reformation.
1542 St John of the Cross born (died 1591). Mystic, reformer and Doctor of the Church.
1543 Leighlinbridge and Kinsale friaries lost during the Reformation.
1545 The Council of Trent opens and is attended by forty Carmelites including one Prior
General (Nicholas Audet) and four bishops. Council opened with four cardinals, four
archbishops, twenty-one bishops, and five generals of the mendicant orders
Franciscans (Conventual and Observant), Augustinian, Carmelite and Servite. Others
attending were theologians and assistants.
1554 Teresa of Avila has the “vision” which causes her conversion.
1564 General Chapter. Philip II of Spain wants reform of the Orders within his territories
and takes a keen interest in such reform.
1566 April 2 – Mary Magdalen de’ Pazzi born.
Cornerstone of the Carmelite Church Santa Maria in Traspontina (Our Lady across
the Bridge), in Rome, is laid. Part of the facade was built with stone from the
Colosseum. The work was completed in 1688.
1567 Teresa of Avila given permission by the General to found new monasteries.
1560s Cardinal Charles Borromeo was Cardinal Protector of the Order. He was later
canonized.
1570 Between 1570 and 1571, Selim II – Turk – took Cyprus and the Order lost the Holy
Land – its first province.
Still four or five houses in the Irish Province. Probably there were always Carmelites in Ireland
though not known about.
1571 John of St Samson born (died 1636). Spiritual director, healer and mystic.
1584 May 1 – Pastoralis officii of Gregory XIII ended the Congregation of Albi in Paris and
returned the 12 friars to the Order.
1591 December 14 – death of St John of the Cross.
1593 December 20 – Clement VIII in his Pastoralis officii confirms the decree of the 1593
General Chapter of Cremona which erected the Order of Discalced Carmelites
(O.D.C) and he gave them a Preposite General. The members of this Order could not
erect houses where the Order of Carmelites already were. Clement VIII reforms the
religious orders of the Church.
1598 General Chapter – Henry Sylvio elected prior general. Began reform of the Order
following Trent and Clement VIII’s decrees as all other Orders had to do.

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY:
1603 March 19 – Clement VIII’s Institutions fixed the form of novitiate which exists today.
1604 Chapter of Touraine at Nantes began the Reform of Touraine under Peter Behourt
(1564-1633) and Philip Thibault (1572-1638), friends of Mme Acarie’s house and of
Pierre Card. De Bérulle and Francis de Salles. Also involved was John of St Samson.
Basically the product of French spiritual renaissance. Some of Touraine’s ideas spread
to other provinces and resulted in reform. Important were Touraine’s statutes and
directory for novices which became normative.
1615 Miguel de la Fuente composes a Rule for his tertiaries which presents the Third Order
fully developed in its modern form, though tertiaries had been around for some time
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 but not clearly defined.
1629 December – the Protestant archbishop of Dublin, Lancelot Bulkely, headed a military raid on the
Cook Street house but was repulsed. But was it an ODC or an O.Carm house?
1634 Colour of the habit finally settled as dark brown. Some provinces had been wearing
black.
1638 ODC province in Ireland is erected and had nine houses by 1643. They established themselves
by taking the abandoned houses of O.Carms which led to trouble in time. The ODCs were to
hand them back when the O.Carms returned but refused when actually asked. All were
eventually lost under Cromwell.
Post-Reformation Europe was seen as mission territory and Carmelites undertook missions to
Ireland, England, Holland and Northern Germany.
1646 Mission to Grenada in the West Indies sets off. Granted apostolic status after many
requests only in 1712.
1633 Urban VIII decreed that no other order could establish on Mount Carmel.
1686 A short while after this Touraine was given responsibility for Missions to England and Ireland.
1698 Letters from a Discalced Carmelite in Ireland says the O.Carms had three times more men than
him.
1697 Ireland comes under the commissary for England.

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY:
1715 May 1 – Ireland separated from England and Scotland. Students will go to Spain and France for
studies.
1720 Monopoly of Flanders and Touraine over Ireland is lost.
1730 Leighlinbridge friary re-established.
1731 Irish petition the General Chapter for the restoration of the Province under the Stricter
Observance (which was now normative in the Order). Now had 12 houses and 38 friars.
Kinsale friary re-established. No further word from the mission in England is heard after this
year.
1735 Order establishes a friary in the Irish midlands at Moate, Co Westmeath.
1737 October 10 – Clement XII’s brief Pastoralis officii erected the Irish Province. Also able to
name a vicar for Scotland and a prior for Edinburgh.
1741 May 25-31 – first Chapter of the restored Irish province elected 14 priors.
1743 Congregation of Propaganda said all students were to study on the continent, which was
prompted by rumours coming from Ireland. Re-iterated in 1751. Same for all mendicant orders.
1750 Kildare and Knocktopher friaries re-established. Carmelites return to Dublin.
1754 Congregation of Rites approves Blessed Virgin Mary Immaculate as patron and St Patrick as co-
patron of the province in Ireland.
1768 France: Commission des Réguliers said the Order had 1,199 friars in 129 houses in 8
provinces in France. Commission caused havoc in all the Orders in France. Similar
happenings in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and Portugal. No houses in
France by the turn of the century.
1780 Forty-two members in Ireland. Maintained its numbers while numbers in other countries were
falling.
1798 During the 1798 Rising the prior of Kildare was hanged by soldiery but revived by locals. In
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 places where the Carmelites had disappeared the tertiaries continued and often under the
guidance of a secular priest who was also a tertiary. They helped greatly in returning friars to
certain areas.

NINETEENTH CENTURY:
1801 Ireland had 10 houses and 28 priests. Various houses come and go in the following years.
1825 Site of original Dublin foundation at Whitefriars Street re-purchased. Cornerstone of the Church
laid in 1825 and finished in 1827. Move from French Street. Our Lady of Dublin installed.
1826 Leighlinbridge friary suppressed by Bishop Doyle of Kildare and Leighlin.
1837 Kinsale church begun, finished 1850. Convent built 1854.
1840 Ireland has 26 priests.
1843 Knocktopher church built to replace the old thatched cottage which had been used as a church.
1852 Thomas Albert Bennett appointed provincial in Ireland by Pius IX.
1860 Terenure College opened – the oldest educational institution in the Order.
1861 Bennett, founder of Terenure College, made president of All Hallows College, Dublin.
Chaplaincy of the South Dublin Union (now St James’ Hospital) begun.
1864 Signs of re-growth begin to appear in Europe.
1868 Completion of the Moate church followed by the convent in 1870.
1869 December 8 – the First Vatican Ecumenical Council opens with 699 Council Fathers
including three Carmelite bishops and the Order’s Vicar General.
1870 Ireland has 41 priests between Dublin, Knocktopher, Moate, Kinsale and Kildare.
1871 John Spratt (b1796), architect of Whitefriars Street, dies. Chapter decreed a home novitiate be
opened, based at Terenure College, as Europe was now closed due to suppression in Spain and
loss of the Papal States. Chapter was attended by Angelo Savini – first general to visit Ireland.
1872 July 17 – Joseph Valerga, Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem (and first to reside there since
the Crusades) wished Savini every success in returning to Mount Carmel. ODCs were
already there, though not at the original foundation, and on December 9 the preposite
general rejected the O.Carm request, though Propagation of the Faith had supported
it.
1873 Françoise Thérèse Martin (St Thérèse of Lisieux) born in Alençon, France. Died
September 30, 1897, canonised 1923, declared a Doctor of the Church in 1999.
April 28 – Propagation of the Faith said a move to Mount Carmel by the O.Carms was
“not expedient.”
1875 February 26 – Propagation of the Faith gave Savini permission to go to the Holy Land.
April 12 – Pius IX gave his blessing to the project. October – the ODCs quietly buy the
land of the original foundation (they were living elsewhere in the mountain range), but
this was later shown to be false.
1878 May – Propagation met again and, despite the money raised by Savini, the project
ended.
1880 Blessed Elizabeth of the Trinity born. Died in the Dijon Carmel in 1906.
1881 Blessed Titus Brandsma born. He spent a Summer in Ireland learning English.
Martyred at Dachau 1942.
Irish Mission to Australia begins, though there had been a “lay Carmelite” there since 1802 (he
had been deported in 1802 after the 1798 Rebellion) – John Butler. First parish north of

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 Melbourne covered 700 miles and ten towns.
1884 Kildare church begun, finished 1887.
1889 First Irish Carmelites arrive in New York. German and other friars had been in the States since
1886, especially in the Deep South. Second foundation in New York in 1897 at Tarrytown.
1891 October 12 – Edith Stein (Teresa Benedicta of the Cross) born to Jewish parents. She
became a Catholic and was baptised 1922 and entered Carmel in 1933. During the
Second World War she was martyred at Auschwitz on August 9, 1942. Canonised
1999, and later named Co-Patroness of Europe.
1894 Revival in Brazil by the Spanish.
1895 School at Whitefriars Street built.

TWENTIETH CENTURY:
1904 New Constitutions approved by Pius X, February 20.
1919 Elias Magennis elected Prior General. Born 1868 in Mayo and died 1937. Carried restoration
of the Order to its completion and paved the way for expansion.
1922 Irish houses in New York become a Commissariate and finally a Province in 1931.
1926 July 31 – first Irish Carmelites arrive in Faversham, Kent to restore the English province.
1929 January 5 – two Carmelites arrive in the Holy Land at Nablus. The foundation became a
studium with Irish and American Carmelites attending but was suspended due to Arab
hostilities under the British Mandate. The mission ended after the Second World War.
1930 Irish houses in Australia become a Commissariate.
Carmelites return to Portugal.
New Constitutions adopted.
1931 Hilary Doswold elected Prior General.
1932 Two provinces now in Spain – Catalonia and Araga-Valentina.
1936 Seventeen Spanish members of various Carmelite communities gave their lives in
defence of and in witness to their Christian faith during the Spanish Civil War.
1946 July 22 – Propagation of the Faith gives permission for the Order to go to Southern Rhodesia
(Zimbabwe) – the first time the Order has gone to Africa.
October 7 – Raymond Lamont, Luke Flynn and Anselm Corbett leave Ireland for the mission.
1947 Kilian Lynch elected Prior General.
1944 Irish Province purchases Gort Muire in Dundrum, Dublin, and builds a student house there.
1948 Australia becomes a Province with 41 friars and 7 convents.
Spain now has a third Province.
1949 Aylesford Priory in Kent, England is recovered and rebuilt.
The North American Province of the Pure Heart of Mary starts a foundation in Peru.
Members of the Maltese Province establish foundations in Peru and Bolivia.
1951 Commissariat of Parana, Brazil founded by members of the Upper German Province.
1952 January 1 – England becomes a Commissariate.
1957 February 1 – Raymond Lamont consecrated bishop in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe).
1959 Kilian Healy elected Prior General.
1963 Order has 2,760 friars.
1969 September 12 – England becomes a Province.
1971 September – 130th General Chapter of the Order takes place at which Falco Thuis

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 (The Netherlands) is elected Prior General.
1973 First Carmelites arrive in India from the Upper German Province.
February 10 – First Carmelites arrive in the Congo.
1974 The Carmelites accept responsibility for the newly constituted Parish of Whitefriar Street with
Whitefriar Street Church being the parish church.
The Carmelites accept responsibility for the Parish of Knocklyon, Dublin.
1978 The Carmelites accept responsibility for the Parish of St Mary’s, Abercromby Street, in Glasgow,
Scotland.
1981 The Carmelites accept responsibility for the Parish of Beaumont, Dublin.
1983 September – 132nd General Chapter of the Order takes place at which John Malley
(USA) is elected Prior General.
1989 The Order returns to France and opens its first house in Bourges.
1994 June – the Irish Province holds its Provincial Chapter.
1995 The Whitefriar Street Community Centre was destroyed by fire and the Parish Sister – Sr Teresa
Roche – lost her life. The Centre had been housed in the school which was built in 1895.
The Carmelites withdraw from the Parish of St Mary’s, Abercromby Street, Glasgow, after
seventeen years.
The North American Province of the Pure Heart of Mary starts a foundation in
Mexico.
September – 134th General Chapter of the Order takes place in Sassone, Rome, at
which Joseph Chalmers (Scotland) is elected Prior General. The Chapter approves the
new Constitutions.
1996 Carmelite College, Moate, closed following a decision of the Irish Government to build a
community school elsewhere in the town.
1997 St Elias Province, U.S.A. voted to begin a foundation in Trinidad.
Members of the Carmelites in the Congo begin visiting the Cameroon and welcome
vocations to the Order.
June – the Irish Province holds its Provincial Chapter.
1998 March 25 – Hermits of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, New Jersey, USA, affiliated to the
Order.
August 30 – First Carmelites from the North American Province of St Elias arrives in
Trinidad.
September 6 – First Carmelites take up residence in Mozambique from Peru with help
of the Carmelites in Zimbabwe.
October 11 – Teresa Benedicta of the Cross (Edith Stein) canonized. She would later
be named Co-Patroness of Europe.
1999 The new Carmelite Community Centre in Whitefriar Street was opened by the President of
Ireland, Mrs Mary McAleese.
December 8 – Hermits of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel at
Christoval, Texas, USA, affiliated to the Order along with a separate group of hermits
of the same name from Lake Elmo, Minnesota, USA.

TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY:
2000 First Liberians move to England to study as members of the Order.

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 January 17 – First foundation in Burkina Faso inaugurated.
June – the Irish Province holds its Provincial Chapter.
2001 Carmelite Marian Year to celebrate the 750th Anniversary of the giving of the Scapular.
Carmelites return to Lithuania where 500 people are enrolled in the Scapular of Our
Lady of Mount Carmel.
The Indian Commissariat of the Upper German Province begins a mission in Kenya.
After 140 years, the Irish Province withdraws from the Chaplaincy to St James’ Hospital,
Dublin.
March – Order begins its first foundation in Cameroon, Africa. October 1 is the
official beginning of the presence in Cameroon.
May 14 – The Hermits of Lake Elmo, Minnesota (USA) are incorporated into the
Order.
September 3 – 135th General Chapter of the Order opens in Sassone, Rome.
November – East Timor becomes part of the Australian Province.
December 14 – The Order was approved as a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)
of the United Nations.
2002 November 9 – Hermits of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel at
Christoval, Texas, USA, officially incorporated in to the Order.
2003 January 1 – Hermits of Monteluro, Tavullia, Italy, officially incorporated in to the
Order.
February 9 – first Romanian Carmelite ordained to the Priesthood. Italian Province
arrived in Romania in 1993.
June – the Irish Province holds its Provincial Chapter.
2004 March – The General Council of the Order gave permission to the Maltese Province
to reactivate the Bolivian Commissariate.
July 16 – the Carmelite General Commissariat of the Philippines came into existence.
2005 April 24 – Mother Maria Crocifissa Curcio is beatified in Rome by Pope Benedict
XVI. Born in 1877 she founded the Carmelite Missionary Sisters of St Thérèse of the
Child Jesus, which was to be found in Italy, Malta and Brazil before her death in 1957
and which later spread to Canada, Romania, Tanzania and the Philippines.
May – the Dutch Province accepts responsibility for the mission in Lithuania.
September 5-15 – the General Congregation of the Order takes place in Sao Paolo,
Brazil.
2006 June – the Irish Province holds its Provincial Chapter.
October 8 – Maria Teresa Scrilli is beatified in Florence, Italy. Born in 1825 she
founded the Congregation of Montevarchi (Arezzo) which can be found in Europe and
North America. She died in 1889.
2007 May 11 – the Canonical Erection of the Province of St. Thomas of the Syro-Malabar
Rite in India takes place. The new Province comes into existence on July 16.
June 3 – Georg Preca is canonized in Rome by Pope Benedict XVI. Born in 1880 he
became a priest and is the first saint of the Maltese Church and the first Third Order
Carmelite to be canonized. He died in 1962.
September 4-22 – the 136th General Chapter of the Order takes place in Sassone,
Rome at which Fernando Millán Romeral (Spain) is elected Prior General.
October 28 – Carmelites Angel Maria Prat Hostench and Sixteen Companions

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 beatified by Benedict XVI in a group of 498 Spanish martyrs from the twentieth
century.
2008 April 27 – Mother Candelaria of St Joseph was beatified in Caracas, Venezuela.
Mother Candelaria (1863-1940) was the foundress of the Carmelite Sisters in
Venezuela.
October 19 – a new Carmelite mission was officially inaugurated in the diocese of
Beirina, Papua New Guinea. It is a mission of the General Commissariate of the
Philippines.
November 14 – first Solemn Profession celebrated in Vietnam.
2009 February 2 – The Sixteenth Council of Provinces is convoked. It will meet in
September on the theme “Embracing his Gospel: Carmelite community in faith, hope
and love.”
April 26 – Nuno de Santa Maria Alvares Pereira was canonized in Rome by Pope
Benedict XVI. Born in 1360, Nuno became a soldier and champion of Portuguese
Independence before becoming a Carmelite in 1423 following the death of his wife.
He died in 1431.
June – the Irish Province holds its Provincial Chapter.
2010 April 8-13 – the first International Congress on Carmelite Schools takes place in
Terenure College, Dublin, as part of the College’s 150th Anniversary celebrations.
April 25 – Angelo Paoli was beatified in the Basilica of St John Lateran in Rome.
Born in 1642 in Italy, he became a Carmelite priest and worked in Tuscany before
moving to Rome. He became known as ‘Father Charity’ because of his work with the
poor and he is responsible for the Crucifix present in the Colosseum. He died in
1720.
July 16 – the Canonical Erection of the General Delegation of Our Lady of Mount
Carmel in Kenya takes place.
October 15 – first Carmelite Intercongregational Community inaugurated in Caera,
Brazil.
November – the Irish Province withdraws from the Pastoral Care of the Parish of Beaumont,
Dublin, after 29 years of service.
2011 September 5-16 – the General Congregation of the Order takes place at the Mount
Carmel Spiritual Centre, Niagara Falls, Canada.
November 6 – The Prior General erected the General Delegation of St Thérèse of
Lisieux and St Albert of Jerusalem in Paravoor, Kerala, India.
2012 February 19 – The Donum Dei Missionary Order celebrates 25 years of affiliation to
the Carmelite Order.
June 17-21 – the Irish Province holds its Provincial Chapter.
September 17-21 – the Fifth International Congress for Lay Carmelites took place in
Sassone, Rome, with 200 delegates attending.
October 1 – Paraná in Brazil (a Provincial Commissariat of the Upper German
Province) is raised to the General Commissariat of Paraná.
December 28 – Unification of the Upper and Lower German Provinces to create the
one Province of Germany. The Carmelites have been in Germany for 750 years.

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