Materi : Hortatory Exposition

Look at the picture, and then answer the questions about it.

1. What picture is it?

2. What do you see in the picture?
3. What is in your mind when you see the picture?
4. Have you had any experience being in the situation shown in the picture?

Task 2 (about 5 minutes)

You are going to read a text about “Traffic Jam in big cities”. What information do
you expect from the text?
1. I will get the information about traffic jam situation in big cities_
2. Reasons of traffic jams
3. The effect of traffic jam
4. Causes of traffic jam
5. How to solve the traffic jam’s problems

Task 3
Read the text, then check whether you can find the information you expected (in task 2).

In most big cities in the world, traffic has become a serious problem. Traffic jam
takes place, especially in rush hours. There are simply too many cars. This brings about
some unexpected effects.
Traffic in Hong Kong can be so bad that a vehicle moves along at only 10 KPH,
slower than bicycle speed. In Manila, traffic often stops completely. This generates so much
exhaust that Manila is now one of the world’s most polluted cities. In Bangkok, children get
up at 4 or 5 AM to make it to school by 9:00. They have breakfast in the car or bus.
The number of cars in the world doubled between 1970 and 1990. Currently, there
are around 600 million vehicles on roads designed for half that many. The number of cars is
expected to double again over the next 20 – 40 years. More roads are being built, but there is
no way there can ever be enough roads to handle all these cars.
 The wasted fuel from the vehicles causes pollution. The pollution destroys the
environment in a number of ways. It also affects personal health. More and more people in
large cities suffer from asthma and other breathing disorders than ever before. It is not only
humans who suffer. A recent study in Britain reports that birds are losing their hearing
because of the traffic noise; as a result, they are unable to sing properly.
Everyone does not argue that traffic has become a big problem. We should find a
solution to the world's traffic jams; otherwise, we will still suffer from diseases.

Task 4
A. Answer the following questions based on the text.
1. What is the text about?
2. What is the purpose of the text?
3. Why do traffic jams take place in big cities?
4. What is the effect of traffic jams in big cities?
5. What is the best way to solve traffic jams in big cities?
Exercise 1
What do the following pronouns refer to in the text?
1. this (sentence 4 ): ____________________________________________
2. it (sentence 16) : ____________________________________________
3. they (sentence 19) : ____________________________________________
Exercise 3
Match the words in column A (taken from the text) and their meanings in column
B. Each word in column B is used only once.
A B
1. rush (sentence 2) a. cause
2. bring about (sentence 4) b. recently
3. currently (sentence 11) c. investigation
4. study (sentence 19) d. hard
5. argue (sentence 20) e. deny
f. busy
g. properly

Exercise 4
Read the text once again more intensively, and then examine how the text is
developed and organized.
1. How many paragraphs are there in the text?
2. What is the main idea of paragraphs 2, 3, and 4?
3. What is the function of the first paragraph?
4. What is the function of the last paragraph?
5. Can you draw a diagram showing the relationship among the paragraphs in
the text?

Reading Text : Hortatory Exposition

1. Do you know what is the picture above?
2. What is in your mind when you see the picture?

Corruption

Thesis
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money
and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United
States. Its just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey
claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.
Argument 1
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the
capital. As most people know, Tanjug Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all.
Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often.
They even bribe the officials.
Argument 2
Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the
corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a
bad mentality caused by corruption.
 Recommendation
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should
be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.
Adapted from: The Jakarta Post,February2005

Exercise 1
Match the words in column A (taken from the text) and their meanings in column B.
Each word in column B is used only once.
A B
1. reliable a.
2. claims b.
3. smuggling c.
4. earn a living d.
5. bribe e.
6. overcome t.
 7. eradicate

Answer the following questions based on the text.

1. What city is the most corrupt place in Indonesia?
2. What do the enterpreneurs do to minimize their taxt payment ?
3. What solution is not effective to stop corruptors to do the bad behaviour ?
4. What is the text about?
4. What do you the effect of corruptions?
5. What is the best way to prevent the young generation to have bad mental
of the corrution ?
Exercise 2
What do the following pronouns refer to in the text?
1. this (sentence 4) : ____________________________
2. it (sentence 16) : ____________________________
3. they (sentence 19) : ____________________________

Hortatory expositon
DEFINITION :
Hortatory exposition is a text that tell writers idea about a problem and then
the writers give the solution besides that problem
PURPOSE OF THE TEXT:
To persuade the reader about something / problem, and then the writers give
the solution besides the problem
GENERIC STRUCTURE
Thesis.
To introduce topic and indicates the writer’s position and what the problem
Arguments.
Tell the writers idea
Recommendation.
Tell the solution from the writers about that problem

SPECIAL CHARATERISTIC (LANGUAGE FEATURE)

-Focusing on the writer
-Using abstract noun; policy, advantage,etc
-Using action verb
-Using thinking verb
-Using modal adverb; certainly, surely,etc
-Using temporal connective; firstly,secondly, etc
-Using evaluative words; important,valuable, trustworthy, etc
-Using passive voice
-Using simple present tense
A. Evaluation
 Read the following text to answer questions number 1 to 3.
Text !
The government should Provide rehabilitation Program for Drug Users
Drug users are actually ill people who need help. Rehabilitation is one of
the main things they should get. Instead of punishing drug users in prisons, the
government should provide rehabilitation for them.
Most users are actually victims of persuasive peddlers and they suffer
from consuming the drugs. Therefore, by rehabilitating them, we are actually
helping them out from traps, which they might accidentally step on.
If we only arrest drug users and send them to jail, this doesn't solve the
problem as drug users will still be addicted unless proper rehabilitation is
imposed to them.

1. Most drug users get drugs from ....

      A. Jails

      B. Peddlers
      C. Traffickers
      D. Wholesalers
      E. Rehabilitation center

2. Sending the drug users to prison is not a good solution because ....
      A. They can't consume harmful drugs
      B. They are treated normally
      C. They may still be infected with harmful drugs
      D. They can be freed as soon as possible
      E. They are given the whole recovery program

 3. "...drug users will still be addicted unless proper rehabilitation is imposed to
them." (Paragraph 3) The underlined word is closest in meaning to ....

      A. Influenced

      B. Treated
      C. Forced
      D. Burdened
      E. Implemented

Following text to answer questions number 4 to 6.

Everybody should change their way of life to reduce global warming. There are
several things that we can do. One of them is by buying and consuming fresh local
groceries as much as possible. It of course includes local vegetables, fruits, bread,
etc.

Local groceries don’t need much transportation to get it into the market. It of course
means, the amount of carbon dioxide produced is less than the groceries from other
region. Therefore, by buying local groceries we are helping reduce the amount of
carbon dioxide produced.

Consuming fresh groceries instead of frozen ones are healthier for us. Furthermore,
fresh food or groceries means no requirements for it to be freeze up. It means that
no electricity is needed and saving energy means reducing carbon dioxide and
money.

So, from now on we should consume fresh local groceries to reduce global
warming.
4. The text gives us information about ….

      A. The ways to minimize global warning

      B. The ways to increase global warning
      C. The effects of global warning
      D. The importance of consuming local groceries
      E. The importance of knowing global warning 
 
Answ er

5. To reduce the global warming we should ….

      A. Buy import product

      B. Buy expensive clothes
      C. Consume frozen foods
      D. Consume fresh foods
      E. Not use electricity efficiently
 
Answ er

6. We are helping reduce the amount of global warming” (Paragraph 2) The

underlined word can be replaced by ….
      A. Increase
      B. Decrease
      C. Improve
      D. Add
      E. Maximize

Read the following text to answer questions number 7 to 10.

The use of formalin and other dangerous preservatives in food has been
serious problem for three reasons. Firstly, formalin is not for human beings,
but it is for biological specimens and experiments. Formalin in Biology is a 10%
solution of formaldehyde in water which is usually used as a disinfectant or to
preserve biological specimens. Thus, it is not for food preservatives. Of course
when it is used for food preservative, it will be very dangerous to human’s
body.
The second reason is that there is no tight control from the government. This
condition makes the people’s health is really in a threat. When the control is
weak and the use formalin was spread wide all over the Indonesian regions,
and these days it has really happened, the citizen's bodies will be badly
contaminated with the poisons. Fish or food traders still sell their products
which contain formalin and dangerous preservatives. Can you imagine that
our digestive system absorbs the substance that should be for the human and
animalcorpses?
Considering the reasons, we can make a conclusion that the use of formalin
and other preservatives is really a serious problem so that it should be
immediately resolved.

7. Why is formalin dangerous for human`s body?

      A. It is not food preservatives

      B. It is a disinfectant for human beings
      C. It is used to preserve biological specimens
      D. It is 10% solution of formaldehyde in water
      E. It is controlled flighty from the government 
 
8. The main idea of paragraph two is ....

      A. The human`s bodies will be harmful after consuming the formalin
      B. The government has not controlled the use of formalin firmly
      C. The weak control of using formalin is not threatening the human
      D. The human`s bodies will be harmful after consuming the formalin
      E. The use of formalin is known all over the regions
 

9. Based on the facts above, the writer suggest that ... .

      A. People have to avoid consuming formalin in their food

      B. The use of formal dehyde is necessary to control the food
      C. People should add 100% solution of formaldehyde in water
      D. The food preservative is required to make the food delicious
      E. Food seller is supposed to pour formalin for vegetables and food products
 
Answ er

10. What is the generic structure of the text?

      A. Arguments-Recommendation-Thesis

      B. Thesis-Argument-Recommendation
      C. Thesis-Argument-Reiteration
      D. Thesis-Supporting Points-Contrasting Points-Reiteration
      E. Reiteration-Arguments-Thesis