Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural
environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or
discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living
organisms.[1] Pollution can take the form of chemical substances
or energy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, the elements
of pollution, can be foreign substances or energies, or naturally
occurring; when naturally occurring, they are considered
contaminants when they exceed natural levels. Pollution is
often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. The
Blacksmith Institute issues annually a list of the world's worst
polluted places. In the 2007 issues the ten top nominees are
located in
They are many types of pollution
Air pollution, the release of chemicals and
particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous
air pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrogen
oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles.
Photochemical ozone and smog are created as
nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight.
Particulate matter, or fine dust is characterized by
their micrometre size PM10 to PM2.5.
Light pollution, includes light trespass, over-
illumination and astronomical interference.
Littering
Noise pollution, which encompasses roadway noise,
aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-
intensity sonar.
Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are
released by spill or underground leakage. Among the
most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons,
heavy metals, MTBE,[9] herbicides, pesticides and
chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Radioactive contamination, resulting from 20th
century activities in atomic physics, such as nuclear
power generation and nuclear weapons research,
manufacture and deployment. (See alpha emitters
and actinides in the environment.)
Thermal pollution, is a temperature change in
natural water bodies caused by human influence,
such as use of water as coolant in a power plant.
Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of
overhead power lines, motorway billboards, scarred
landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of
trash or municipal solid waste.
Water pollution, by the release of waste products
and contaminants into surface runoff into river
drainage systems, leaching into groundwater, liquid
spills, wastewater discharges, eutrophication and
littering.
Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including
humans. Ozone pollution can cause respiratory disease,
cardiovascular disease, throat inflammation, chest pain,
and congestion. Water pollution causes approximately
14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of
drinking water by untreated sewage in developing
countries. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access
to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of
diarrhoeal sickness every day.[27] Nearly 500 million
Chinese lack access to safe drinking water.[28] 656,000
people die prematurely each year in China because of air
pollution. In India, air pollution is believed to cause
527,700 fatalities a year.[29] Studies have estimated that
the number of people killed annually in the US could be
over 50,000.[30]
Oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes. Noise
pollution induces hearing loss, high blood pressure, stress,
and sleep disturbance. Mercury has been linked to
developmental deficits in children and neurologic
symptoms. Older people are majorly exposed to diseases
induced by air pollution. Those with heart or lung disorders
are under additional risk. Children and infants are also at
serious risk. Lead and other heavy metals have been
shown to cause neurological problems. Chemical and
radioactive substances can cause cancer and as well as
birth defects.
ALL WORK AND NO PLAY MAKES JACK A DULL BOY
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy is a proverb. It
means that without time off from work, a person becomes
both bored and boring
All Work and No Play Makes Jack a Dull Boy is nothing
short of a complete rethinking of what a novel can and
should be. It's true that, taken on its own, All Work is
plotless. But like the best of Beckett, the lack of forward
momentum is precisely the point. If it's nearly impossible
to read, let us take a moment to consider how difficult it
must have been to write. One is forced to consider the
author, heroically pitting himself against the Sisyphusean
sentence. It's that metatextual struggle of Man vs.
Typewriter that gives this book its spellbinding power.
Some will dismiss it as simplistic; that's like dismissing a
Pollock canvas as mere splatters of paint."
-- Matthew Belinkie
