RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

2.1 Local Literature

2.1.1 Mauricio, Jose: The Phlippines: The Business Of Pleasure.

2008

Last 2008, the Philippines experienced one of most number of tourists visiting

the country in the recent history. The article states that there are a lot of

investments needed to be made in order to accommodate the government‘s

target of reaching the 5-million tourists plateau. Under the supervision of then

secretary24 – Ace Durano – the Department of Tourism targeted the nearby

countries specifically South Korea and China. This move paid dividends for

the Philippines as the tourist expenditure in the country contributed nearly

USD 5 Billion. And that the number of most visitors coming from a country is

from South Korea. There were also USD 5.6 Billion worth of tourism

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

10
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

investments during 2008, which just shows that there are a lot of promise in

this industry.

2.1.2 Caruncho, Eric S., and Francisco T. Mañosa. Designing

Designing Filipino: The Architecture of Francisco Mañosa is a bold attempt at

defining what contemporary Filipino architecture is. This book is an important

addition to general, special and university libraries. It will also appeal to

architectural students, professionals and anyone who is interested in

contemporary Filipino design.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

11
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

2.1.3 katherine, and 48 pages. "Philippine Agriculture over the Years:

It is a paper presented at the conference entitled “Policies to Strengthen

Productivity in the Philippines,” sponsored by the Asia-Europe Meeting

(ASEM) Trust Fund, Asian Institute of Management Policy Center, Foreign

Investment Advisory Service, Philippines Institute of Development Studies

and the World Bank, held in Makati City, June 27, 2005. It was to show the

basic history of the Philippines agriculture over the years.

2.1.4 Efficiency and productivity growth in agriculture in Asia for the

period 1985-2002

Abara, Jovita Laura M.

Manila : UST Graduate School, 2007.

The main concern of the world today is food security, the need to feed an

increasing population. This means increasing the food supply in each country

by improving agricultural efficiency and productivity. Agricultural productivity

can be increased primarily thru technological change, improved input use

efficiency and conserving the resource base of the country (FA02005). The

study compares the efficiency and productivity growth of the agricultural

sector of fifteen countries in Asia over the time period 1985 to 2002. To

achieve this, two methods were used, the non-parametic DEA approach and

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

12
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

the parametic SFA method. First, The total factor productivity growth is

estimated and decomposed using the DEA Malmquist Productivity Index and

then the input and output slacks affecting the technical efficiency as well as

technical inefficiency is estimated using four SFA models: Aggregate

Production without time variable(Model 1A), Improved Aggregate Production

with time(Model 1B), Crop Production(Model 2) and livestock

production(Model 3). The result of two DEA models indicate that the average

annual total factor productivity index growth of 2.5 percent of 15 Asian

countries.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

13
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

2.1.5 Alampay, R. B. (2005). Sustainable tourism: challenges for the

Philippines. Makati City: Philippine APEC Study Center Network

Secretariat.

These collections of research papers reflect the scope and complexity of

sustainable tourism development. The various papers alos mirror the

complexity of sustainbale tourism development, and they hint at the multi-

disciplinary approach that this mode of tourism needs to succeed. Each paper

applies a different framework to its particular tourism problem like economics,

sociology, anthropology, environmental science and much more.

2.2 Foreign Literature

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

14
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

2.2.1 Phillips, D., & Gardner, C. (2004).Daylighting: natural light in

architecture. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Architectural Press.

Daylighting offers a general theory and introduction to the use of natural light

in architectureThe fourth of Derek Phillip's lighting books draws on his

experience to illustrate how best to bring natural light into building design. As

sustainability becomes a core principal for designers, daylighting comes to the

fore as an alternative to artificial, energy consuming, light. Here, Phillips

makes a rational argument for considering daylight first, outlining the

arguments in favour of a daylight approach, and goes on to show, through a

series of

beautifully illustrated case studies, how architects have created buildings in

which natural light has been shown to play a major strategic role in the

development of the design of a building. 

2.2.2 Ching, F. (2008). Building construction illustrated (4th ed.).

Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

15
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Laying out the material and structural choices available, it provides a full

under–standing of how these choices affect a building's form and dimensions.

Complete with more than 1,000 illustrations, the book moves through each of

the key stages of the design process, from site selection to building

components, mechanical systems, and finishes.

 Illustrated throughout with clear and accurate drawings that present the

state of the art in construction processes and materials

 Updated and revised to include the latest knowledge on sustainability,

incorporation of building systems, and use of new materials

2.2.3 Locker, P. (2010). Exhibition design. Lausanne, Switzerland:

AVA Pub. ;.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

16
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Commercial trade fairs, brand experiences, themed attractions, world

expositions, museum galleries, visitor centers, historic houses, landscape

interpretation and art installation are all areas that can be categorized under

the broad umbrella term of ‘exhibition’. Millions of people visit exhibitions of

one sort or another every year and globally it is a multi-billion dollar

industry. Basics Interior Design: Exhibition Design offers a better

understanding of the complexity of exhibition design as a discipline, by

exploring the role of the exhibition designer as a creative practitioner. It

considers the blurring of borders with other design disciplines, but interior,

graphic design and marketing in particular.

2.2.4 Mola, F. Z. (2010). Affordable exhibition design. New York: Collins

Design

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

17
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Given the increasing sophistication of architectural projects designed to

showcase products at trade shows or to endow cultural exhibitions with a high

level of visual appeal, this volume boasts imaginative, practical and low-cost

designs in the field of ephemeral architecture.

Featured inside Affordable Exhibition Design are exhibitions from around the

world; each specifically selected for its aesthetic appeal, strength in attracting

the attention of viewers, affordable construction costs, use of reusable

resources and ease of implementation.

Sketches, models and photographs are featured to reveal the process behind

each project’s development and construction, along with its spacial area, the

design team who created it, its materials (both new and recycled) and cost.

This comprehensive volume is an inspirational resource, and confirmation that

an eye-catching exhibition can be constructed without breaking the bank.

2.2.5 Public and Commercial Buildings. (2011). USA: links.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

18
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

This volume provides readers with ideas and models which can be applied to

a wide range of building typologies, including: hotels, hospitals, sports

facilities, shopping centers and educational environments. The sections are

arranged by construction typology and feature effective layouts, materials and

techniques. All concepts are illustrated and explained through floor plans,

drawings and detailed texts. This publication will undoubtedly serve as an

endless source of information and ideas for all architects and students of

architecture.

2.2.6 Kramer, S. (2008). Fair Design: Architecture for Exhibition (1. Aufl.

ed.). Berlin: Verlagshaus Braun.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

19
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

At trade fairs, companies use their stands to compete for attention of the

visitors – their aim is to present a perfect combination of corporate identity

and corporate design. Architects of this temporary type of architecture face

the challenge of creating a miniature version of the company under very

special conditions: limited space and very often limited resources.

The employed means today go further than architectural eye catcher, but also

include elements that appeal to all senses, such as digital installations.

2.2.7 Hughes, P. (2010). Exhibition design. London: Laurence King.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

20
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Exhibition Design offers a thorough grounding in the principles of designing

for exhibitions. It describesthe skills needed to become an exhibition designer,

including:

• Developing a brief and working with clients

• Design principles for graphics, circulation, lighting, and accessibility

• Presenting ideas to clients

• The practicalities of production

Visual material includes photographs of completed exhibitions by world-

renowned designers, concept drawings, computer renderings, charts, and

tables of information—all for a wide range of exhibitions around the world,

permanent and temporary, including museums and galleries, visitor centers,

brand experiences, festivals, and trade fairs.

2.2.8 Vranckx, B. (2006). Exhibit design: high impact solutions. New

York, NY: Collins Design.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

21
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Exhibit Design presents 32 full-colour examples of the work of the best in

exhibit display from trade shows throughout that temple of show 'n' tell, the

US of A. Featuring examples from industries as varied as clothing,

automobiles, electronics and insurance, this comprehensive volume shows

how these designers use colour, light, animation and decorative props to

create exhibits that are truly unique, innovative and memorable.

2.2.9 Carmona, M. (2003). Public places, urban spaces: the dimensions

of urban design. Oxford: Architectural Press.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

22
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Public Places - Urban Spaces is a holistic guide to the many complex and

interacting dimensions of urban design. The discussion moves systematically

through ideas, theories, research and the practice of urban design from an

unrivalled range of sources. It aids the reader by gradually building the

concepts one upon the other towards a total view of the subject.

The author team explains the catalysts of change and renewal, and explore

the global and local contexts and processes within which urban design

operates. The book presents six key dimensions of urban design theory and

practice - the social, visual, functional, temporal, morphological and

perceptual - allowing it to be dipped into for specific information, or read from

cover to cover. This is a clear and accessible text that provides a

comprehensive discussion of this complex subject.

2.2.10 Dernie, D. (2006). Exhibition design. New York: W.W. Norton.

Today exhibitions have to compete in an increasingly sophisticated leisure

market. Consequently, the way in which the contemporary exhibition is

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

23
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

designed is changing fast; previously aloof cultural institutions are making use

of technologies and techniques more commonly associated with film and

retail. Exhibition-making is now synonymous with image-making,

communication, and the creation of a powerful experience. Exhibition

Design features examples of a wide variety of exhibitions from around the

world, from major trade and commerce fairs to well-known fine-art institutions

and small-scale artist-designed displays. The introduction gives an historical

perspective on the development of exhibitions and museums, with particular

focus on the developments of the twentieth century. The book is divided into

two parts: Approaches and Techniques. Approaches is devoted to the

conceptual themes of narrative space, performative space, and simulated

experience. Techniques covers the practical concerns of display, lighting,

color, sound, and graphics. To illustrate these themes the book features

photographs, drawings, and diagrams of exhibitions from around the world,

including the work of such internationally renowned architects and designers

as Ralph Appelbaum Associates, Atelier Brückner, Casson Mann, Frank

Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Imagination, METStudio, and Jean Nouvel.

2.2.11 Miller, S. (1999). How to get the most out of trade shows (3rd ed.).

Lincolnwood, Ill.,: NTC Business Books.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

24
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Proper planning and effective management of your trade show presence are

the keys to trade shows uccess for every business. Loaded with real-

lifeexamples and brimming with practical guidance on how top Ian and

execute a trade show marketing effort, How to Get the Most Out of Trade

Shows includes expert advice on:

 Selecting the right trade shows to attend

 Setting show objectives

 Designing effective booth displays

 Attracting prospects to your booth

 SelIing on the floor

 Following upon leads

2.2.12 Musgrove, L. (2009). The complete idiot's guide to trade shows.

New York: Alpha Books.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

25
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

With over 13,000 trade shows and conventions in America each year, it's

important for companies to get the most out of the dollars spent. Inside,

readers will find everything they need to know about show costs, marketing

tips in and outside the show, staffing and travel strategies, customer relations,

spending smart on giveaways and other promotions, and new technologies to

make any show a success. *Hundred of practical tips, especially for small and

midsized business *CD with helpful planning tools and checklists.

2.2.13 Siskind, B. (2005). Powerful exhibit marketing: the complete guide

to successful trade shows, conferences and consumer shows.

Mississauga, Ont.: J. Wiley & Sons Canada.

Trade shows, consumer shows, product launches, corporate events,

professional conferences and other opportunities to interact face-to-face with

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

26
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

customers have become an important part of the marketing mix. Well chosen

and executed events can shorten the sales cycle significantly and put you

miles ahead of the competition, but you need to have an exhibit plan that’s

well thought out, organized and executed, Powerful Exhibit

Marketing provides the step-by-step advice you need to get real results from

your exhibits, Learn how to:

2.2.14 Aksoy, M. A., & Beghin, J. C. (2005).Global Agricultural Trade and

Developing Countries. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries presents research

findings based on a series of commodity studies of significant economic

importance to developing countries. The book sets the stage with background

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

27
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

chapters and investigations of cross-cutting issues. It then describes trade

and domestic policy regimes affecting agricultural and food markets, and

assesses the resulting patterns of production and trade. The book continues

with an analysis of product standards and costs of compliance and their

effects on agricultural and food trade. The book also investigates the impact

of preferences given to selected countries and their effectiveness, then

reviews the evidence on the attempts to decouple agricultural support from

agricultural output. The last background chapter explores the robustness of

the global gains of multilateral agricultural and food trade liberalization. Given

this context, the book presents detailed commodity studies for coffee, cotton,

dairy, fruits and vegetables, groundnuts, rice, seafood products, sugar, and

wheat. These markets feature distorted policy regimes among industrial or

middle-income countries. The studies analyze current policy regimes in key

producing and consuming countries, document the magnitude of these

distortions and estimate the distributional impacts - winners and losers - of

trade and domestic policy reforms. By bringing the key issues and findings

together in one place, Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries

aids policy makers and researchers, both in their approach to global

negotiations and in evaluating their domestic policies on agriculture. The book

also complements the recently published Agriculture and the WTO, which

focuses primarily on the agricultural issues within the context of the WTO

negotiations.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

28
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

2.3 Case Study

Minneapolis Convention Center

The Minneapolis Convention Center Solar Project was a collaborative effort

between the City of Minneapolis, Xcel Energy, and Best Power Int’l, LLC. The

City of Minneapolis was awarded a Renewable Development Fund grant from

Xcel Energy to fund the construction of the system. The system is owned and

operated by Best Power Int’l, LLC, which leases the roof and sells power back

to the City of Minneapolis.

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

29
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Unusual situations or problems

There were several problems to address in the design and installation of the

Minneapolis Convention Center Project. An irregular rooftop design with

slopes in multiple directions required the utilization of adjustable feet to

ensure an array in plane or level with the roof, the northern latitude created

the need for steep mounting angles, and obstacles on the roof required very

specific project design. Additionally, the location presented harsh climactic

elements such as snowdrifts up to eight feet high and loads of more than 100

pounds per square foot. These challenges were met by a customized IRM

configured to a 30-degree tilt to optimize solar capture and output.

Reference:

Alternative Energy eMagazine - Case Study - Minneapolis Convention Center

| AltEnergyMag. (n.d.).Alternative Energy Resources, News, eMagazine &

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

30
 RAJAH HUMABON: AN INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTRE
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature

Library | AltEnergyMag. Retrieved February 21, 2012, from

http://altenergymag.com/emagazine/2011/04/case-study--minneapolis-

convention-center/1700

University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture

31