አቡነ ጎርጎርዮስ ትምህርት ቤቶች ለቡ ቅርንጫፍ
Abune Gorgorious Schools Lebu Branch
Grade 6 Su. Science
B. Male secondary sexual characteristics
- All human show a number of physical and psychological change such as
1. Enlargement of genital organ
2. Appearance of hairs on face orm – pits and pubic area.
3. Rapid increase in height
4. Deepening of voice
5. The body’s become muscular
6. Interest in opposite sex become high
7. Gradual appearance of characteristics of male body
Human Reproductive organs
A. Male reproductive organs
– Human reproductive system have its own structures and functions same of are the following
1. Testes – It located outside the main body
-male have two testes that produce sperm cells and hormones
The hormones are called testosterone
2. Scrotum /sctotal sacl/ – is a sac like skin that encloses the testes
-The sperm develop at temperature 2 – 3 0C.
Vas deferens – is a tube which carries sperms from site of production to urethra.
- IT is a place where sperms are temporal stored before escalation
4. Urethra is a tube with in the pen is that corries urine from bladder and sperms from vas
deferens to outside.
B. Female Reproductive system
-It has its own structures and function. Same of ore the following
1. Ovaries – Female have two ovaries that are found in the abdominal cavits. They produce egg
cells and hormones
- The hormones are produced by ovaries are called estrogen and progesterone.
2. Oviducts /fallopian tubes/ - They are tubes which carry egg cells from ovaries to uterus
/womb/
አቡነ ጎርጎርዮስ ትምህርት ቤቶች ለቡ ቅርንጫፍ
Abune Gorgorious Schools Lebu Branch
It is a place where fertilization takes place
3. Uterus /womb/ - It is the place where an embryo develop
- The embryo implant to the wall of uterus and continues its development until birth
4. Cervix – It is narrow ring of muscle that so ins the uterus to vagina.
It expands /opens/ during birth and menstruation
It prevent the passage of fetus out of the uterus before the actual date of birth.
5. Vagina is muscular tube where sexual intercourse takes place and it serves as birth canal.
6. Hymen – is a membrane at the external appearance of the vagina.
- It is considered as sign of virginity.
Fertilization
- Fertilization is the fusion of sperm cells with egg cells to form zygote
- After sexual intercourse the sperms swim through the uterus and enter into the oviduct/
fallopian/ tubes. At this time one sperm cell fuse with egg cell to form zygote
- Zygote moves to uteru and implanted into its wall to continue development.
- Exchange of nutrients, oxygen and excretory materials between the embryo and mother
takes place by placenta.
- Umbilical cord is a tough structure that runs between placenta and foetus.
Gestation period
- Gestation period is a time between fertilization and birth.
- The gestation period of human is 280 days in human
- Gestation period of some mammals
Animal Gestation period Animal Gestation period
- Human 9 months/280 days -Rabbit - 1 months
- Horse 11 months -Cat - 2 months
- Elephant 20 months -Dog - 2 months
- Cattle 9 months -Sheep - 5 months
- Chimpanzee - 7 month
Birth
አቡነ ጎርጎርዮስ ትምህርት ቤቶች ለቡ ቅርንጫፍ
Abune Gorgorious Schools Lebu Branch
- At the cell end gestation period the uterus begins, to undergo a powerful contraction
which marks the beginning of `lab our` pain
- - Lap our is the 1st sign that the baby is to be borne. It force the foetus of the uterus and
baby start to live independent life
- - After birth the umbilical cord is tied and cut
Reproductive Health
-Reproductive health refers to the physical, mental and social health status of an individual
related to reproductive organs at all stage.
It affect by sexual transmitted diseases and lack of personal hygiene.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases /STDS/
-STDS are diseases that can be transmitted through unprotected /usafe/ sexual
contact from infected person to health person. Some of the diseases are.
1. Gonorrhea
-It is STD caused by a bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhea.
-It cause sterility unless treated at early stage.
- symptoms of the diseases includes
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Yellowish discharge from genital organs /penis and vagina/
2. Syphilis is STD caused by a bacterium called treponema palladium.
- It can also pass from a pregnant woman to foerus unless medical treatment is taken before the
16thweeks pregnancy
- Symptoms of the diseases includes
- fever, sorethroat, muscular pain, loss of hairs and weight.
The germs enter all parts of the body and stay with the patient through out their life.
3. Cancroid
-It is STD caused by a bacterium called hemophilus ducreyi.
- Symptoms are – painful sore or ulceration on the genital which can easils bleed
- swelling of lymph glands
4.HIV/AIDS
አቡነ ጎርጎርዮስ ትምህርት ቤቶች ለቡ ቅርንጫፍ
Abune Gorgorious Schools Lebu Branch
- AIDS is a killer disease all over the world
- It is caused by HIV.
- AID- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
HIV- Human immune deficiency that attack the immune system of human beings specially
destroy white blood cell in the body.
- People who infected with this virus will susceptible to different opportunistic diseases.
-Transmission of HIV
1. Be faithful to one sexual partner
2. Abstain sexual intercourse before marriage
3. Avoid sexual intercourse with many partners.
4. use condoms
Impacts of HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS has a number of impacts on the individuals.
A. Psychological impact
-Lack of self – confidence
- Hopelessness
- Discrimination
- Fear of Bing dying of the disease
B. Social impact
- Family break down
- Fear of discrimination from family
- loss of respect from family
C. income impact
- Declione of private income
- unable to cover medical expense
- Fear of loss of job
- loss of productive man power
Harmful Traditional Practices
አቡነ ጎርጎርዮስ ትምህርት ቤቶች ለቡ ቅርንጫፍ
Abune Gorgorious Schools Lebu Branch
- It is one factor that manly affect the reproductive health
- - It is dangerous and life disturbing act in the culture of society. It pass from
generation to generation as heritage. Since it is dangerous to health of children and
women. It must be discourage and stopped. Some examples of traditional practices
in Ethiopia are the following
1.Female Genital mutilation /FGM/
FGM is the removal of certain part of female genital
-It affect the health of reproductive organs.
- It has an immediate and long term complication which negatively affect the
physical, psychological and social wellbeing of females
1.excessive bleeding
2. scars formation on genitalia that result in prolonged labour, fistula and death
during child birth.
3. Infection 8. Risks of HIV/ AIDS
4. Urine retention 9. Psychological damage
5. painful menstruation 10. Urerus dage
6. Tetanus
7. painful sexual intercourse
2. Early Marriage
It is an other traditional harmful practice in which marriage is arranged for girls under
10 fears of age
-At this time girls are not ready physically, socially and psychologically for marriage.
The problems of early marriage are
- Schools drop out which threatens the right of girls to leorn.
- Affect the health of girls
- Get pregnant before their body fully developed
- Migrate to cities and forced to lead streetisim and commercial sex.
3. Abortion
-Abortion – is the premature termination of pregnancy.
አቡነ ጎርጎርዮስ ትምህርት ቤቶች ለቡ ቅርንጫፍ
Abune Gorgorious Schools Lebu Branch
- There are two main types of abortion.
A. Spontaneous abortion – It is a natural causes like abnormalities.
B. Induced abortion – It is the deliberate act of ending pregnancy either legally or
illegally
- Legal induced abortion- is performed by medical or qualified doctors.
-Illegal induced abortion – It carry out by non – qualified person and dangerous to the
health and life of mother.
- It result – excessive bleeding
- Risk of infection diseases include HIV/AIDS
- Death
- Damage emotionally, uterus, cervix
4. Abduction and Rape
- Abduction is a forceful marriage without the willingness of girls and her family
- Problems of Abduction – physical harassment that may lead to death.
- Risk of infection diseases such as HIV/ AIDS
- Unwanted pregnancy
- Excessive bleeding genitalia after sexual
- Intercourse
- Rape – It is an act of having sex without the permission of woman using force
- It result - physical and mental injury
- Risk of infection diseases like HIV/AIDS
- unwanted pregnancy
- injury to female genitalia.
Both abduction and rape are illegal practices both nationally and internationally.
5. Child Sex abuse
-Children may face sexual abuse from family relativses or other individual.
Children are sexually abuse before there the measures must be taken.
አቡነ ጎርጎርዮስ ትምህርት ቤቶች ለቡ ቅርንጫፍ
Abune Gorgorious Schools Lebu Branch
- To prevent child sex abuse the following measures must be taken.
- Never let children alone
- Family should teach trenchancy to their children
- Children should not accept gifts whose lesson is not clearly known.
- Report to police if any one tried sexual abuse
- Care for sexually abused orphans
- Give equivalent punishment for the person who perform sex abuse
6.Harassment against female
- It an other violence against women which done by misbehaving males.
