Readie-lg: true/false, reading the exam question first

Voeahuf ary: fam ily-related words, col locations & expressions

Grarr'lmar: present simple, present continuous, stative verbs, countable & uncountable
nouns, quantifiers
l-ísteeráng: m ulti ple-choice q uestions (pictu res), identifying differences
Speaking; talking about family, describing photos, describing in detail
Wn§t§ng: email, using abbreviations, including all the information, inviting, asking for a
reply, writing about special events

.r ..:r,.aiiii:rr1-:a ¡u

i,l%!a:::,:,:.,.
ia, Work in pairs. How many words for family
members can you think of? Write as many
as you can in one minute.

How can you learn about your family's

past? Write down the different ways in
your notebook. Then, quickly read the
text. Are your answers the same?
Read the text about family history and
match the headings below with the
correct sections in the text.
A Yourturn tr
B What is genealogy? E
C Research and records tr

Word Focus
§effi§: part ofa cell passed
from parents to children that
determines how they look
gemerat§or"u the people of about
the same age in a particular family
aflieestpm person related to you
who lived a long time ago
Eemealogyr the study of family
history

1. \Arhen you look in the miror, do

you see your father's smile? Maybe
vou take after vour mother or look
like a grandparent? That's because
of DNA. Our DNA contains ¡:,+::t''s
that make each person in the world
different - no two people look, think
or act the same. We oass down our
genes through :le¡¡ r'it,r'ci ;r'Ls. Scientists
r.

can test your DNA to find out which

part of the world your ;:iuestl:is
were from.
:i#.
2. Your family's history may be a mystery
to you, but there's a way to find out
.i# about it. lt's called ger-i*e iogir, ¿¡d
it's the study of the people you are
related to. Genealogy helps you put
together your family history. lt starts
with the relatives you know, such as
parents and grandparents, and then
you can learn about ancestors who
lived and died before you were born.
D Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam
Task below and underline the key words in
the text.
Exam up ffi
Reading the exam question first tq-%'
Exam Tásk . lt's a good idea to read the exam sentences very ': Fv
Look at the sentences below about studying your carefully before you read the text.
family history. Read the text to decide if each Underline the key words in each statement so
sentence is correct or incorrect. Write T (True) or you know what information you need to look for.
F (False). Then read the text quickly so you know what it
'l We look the way we do because of the is about.
genes in our DNA. T . Read the text again and look for words and
A DNA test can show where in the world our phrases in the text that are similar to the word
you underlined in each exam sentence.
ancestors lived. I . The statements are in the same order as the
l

You can find out the number of relatives

information in the text.
you have in a DNA test. tr
Genealogy is the history
of our past and present Now complete the Exam Task. Use the words you
family members. tr underlined to help you.
Relatives who are alive could have
information about ancestors. I Find the underlined words in the text and think
about what they mean.
A family tree shows how you are related
Then circle the correct meanings below.
to other people in your family. tr
A detective can help you 1 take after: to follow somebody / to be like somebody
to find information about your family. tr 2 look like: to have a similar appearance / to see
It is possible to buy old newspapers at things you enjoy
some libraries. T 3 pass down: transfer to / respect the next generation
Public records tell you when people were 4 relative: family member / close friend
born. T 5 find out: to take outside / to discover or learn
10 The text says that websites can help you ó look for: to be similar to / to try to find
find information about your ancestors. r-l

It isn't difficult to learn about ¡.rour past. You can

begin by asking your relatives questions about
your ancestors. \rVhile you are talking with family
members, take notes. This helps you organise any
i¡formation you get. Make sure you write down
any names, dates or places people mention. Then
you can draw a family tree with your name at the
top. Then you would add all the relatives from
you to your great grandparents so you can see how
everyone is related.

4. If there any blank boxes in your tree it's time for some
detective work! Many people begin at a library where
thev can look for familv names in old newspapers.
Public records are usually a very good thing to look at
too. They have information about births, marriages and
death certificates too. Some records show when people
moved to a country. Sometimes, records tell you where
people went to school and what their job was. You can
also search the Internet. With every bit of research you
**
do, you are discovering your family's history. .

ldeas Focus
Y ooaVurlary
A Match the definitions with the members of the family.
1 Your mum's mother. a aunt
2 Your brother's or sistert daughter. b niece
3 Your uncle's and aunt's children. c step-mother
4 Your brother or sister's son. d grandmother
5 Your mother's sister. e nephew
ó Your father! wife if he marries again. f cousins

B Complete the sentences using two of the words in each group.

t height slim tatt 5 hard-working jeatous generous
Peter has always been very My aunt is a very person. She
he was 1 .98m when he was 14 years-oldl He! also gives money to people in need. She! also very
quite even though he eats a lot. and spends lots of time helping at
the care centre.
weigh overweight buitd
Annabel and Claire have got the same ó relax honest nervous
They aren't very tall and My cousin Jack is very He needs
they're both a bit to do more exercise to help him
beard blonde straight unkind easy-going scruffy
I love your son! curly hair. Mine Granddad is very and fun-loving,
rs very and dark. and he always dresses in clothes.
4 etderly middte-aged young 8 tazy clever retiable
Sunday was boring! We spent it with our Jack isn't very lf you ask him to do
grandparents and our something he forgets. Het very
parents. though and does very well at school.

C Complete the text with these words.

young kind easy.going height etderty hard-working nervous

Elephants: animals of higher intelligence

Elephants are interesting animals because they are very sociable and
family is important to them. They can grow to a (1 )
of over 3 metres and usually (2) about 3.800 kilos.
Normally they are quite relaxed and (3) animals,
but sometimes they can get (4) when they are
looking after (5) elephants. They are also quite
clever and (ó) , and slow down and help feed
(7) or ill members of the family group.
These qualities and the fact that they are so strong and
(8) is why people want to protect them and the
Iand they live on for the future.

tñ:ót.?.: :::l§!.i:rii;t:r:i]li::]]i:ir:i.
!|ríñ§§&o §ld§Ilyi.,',il
 Choose the correct answers.
'l Ouiet William! Why so noisy this morning?
Present Simple & Present Continuous a are you be b are you being
2 Whot that? I -her name.
A Read the sentences below. Match each
a 'm not remembering b don't remember
sentence with one use of the Present Simple.
,l 3 lrene - her cousin for a few weeks.
with
Water boils at 100'C.
2 His parents work at a bank.
a lives b is living
3 We have a dance class next week. 4 Granddad isn't feeling well. He the doctor
4 The English drink a lot of tea. later today.
a habits and repeated actions tr a 's seeing b sees
b 5 Tony his grandfather.
c a is looking like b looks like
d future actions based on
timetables and schedules
ó Mum and Dad always us with them on
I holidays
I Be careful a take b are taking
I we often use adverbs of frequency with the 7 Bob and Sue to their aunt Maisie's house
O Present Simple. They go after the verb be but every weekend.
before all other main verbs. a are 9orn9 bgo
I Why children are jealous of each other?
B Read the sentences below. Match each a do you think b are you thinking
sentence with one use of the Present
Continuous. G Complete the text with the correct Present
1 You are always interrupting me! Simple or Present Continuous form of the verbs
2 What are you doing at the weekend? in brackets.
3 I am saving up for á car.
4 The baby is cryingl lt must be hungry.
ldentieal twins
5 Families are becoming smaller and smaller
these days. | (1) (think) that identical twins are
fascinating. They (2) (have) the same
a actions happeningnow I DNA, but they've got different fingerprints and they often
b temporary situations tr have different personalities too. My sisters Katy and Sandy
c future plans E (3) (be) identicaltwins, and my
d annoying habits I parents and I (4) (not / know) which
e changing and developing
twin is which most of the time. ln fact, they
situations in the present f] (5) (always / play) tricks on us, which
Stative Verbs is not funnyl They (ó) (wear) different
clothes every morning, so we know who is who but then
C Read the sentences below and underline they (7) (sometimes / change) clothes
the verbs. later just to confuse us. There is only one thing that helps us
1 Peter hates his new school. tell who is who: Katy (8) (spend)a lot
2 He understands the problem now. of her free time reading books, but Sandy
(e) (hate) reading. She often
3 These flowers smell wonde#ul.
4 Who owns the blue car outside? complains about it, saying 'Katy (10)
(read)again!'.
D Complete the rule with the Present Simple
or Present Continuous.
We don't use some verbs ín continuous tenses.
They are called stative because they describe
states and not actions. To talk about the present,
we use these verbs in the
tense.

E Some verbs can be both stative and astion

verbs, but with a different meaning. How
does the meaning of think change in the
sentences below?
1 They think that having a lot of children
is fantastic.
2 They are thinking of moving house this year.
 L\slenlnol B Look at the pictures in A again and match them to
these questions.
A Look carefully at the pictures below. What can 1 Where did the woman meet her cousin? [
you see in each one?
2 Who does the man! niece take after? !
1
3 How does the man's daughter spend her
free time? !
c ffi Now listen to the three conversations and
circle the correct answers (a, b or c) in Task B.
D Read the Exam Close-up. Then read the Exam
Task below and study the pictures carefully.
Wríte notes about the differences, similarities or
connections between them.
E ffi* Now complete the Exam Task.
F ffi Now listen again.

Then look at the pictures carefully and make

sure you understand them.
*lÉ*é=G?=ntdr+a===*ffi "='=.*===*:==**F*XA=U*=TA§=K It's important to identify the differences
. There are six questions in this part. For each question, between them before you listen.
: there are three pictures and a short recording. Circle the
ij correct picture a, b or c.
!.1
;i

+f Which girl is her sister? 4 Where do Sophie and her family live now?
lJ JU

LONDON BHGHTON OXFORD

,il
iil
I
E2 Who are the neighbours' children? 5 When will they have their picnic?
;:
Él
;¡
i+

I=g
€

3 What time will the boy leave? ó What did the boy think of his friendt father?

10
 =.,i Useful
Describing photos
A Work with a partner and answer these questions. ... lying on the floor.
. Do you come from a big or small family? I can see a ... in the foreground / background.
o What do you enjoy doing with your family in your free time? Theret a white ...
There are four '..
B Look at the photos in the Exam Task. Then write 1 (photo 1),
2 (photo 2) or B (both photos) next to the words below. She's got long ...

a pets tr f jeans ¡ He's behind / in front of / next to / on the right

b board game I g garden I He's wearing ...
... tall, slim good-looking
c parents I h outdoors tr She's
He / She's got... long, dark hair
d children tr i indoors I
They look ... relaxed / happy /easy-going
e friendly tl j relaxed ¡
Complete the sentences about the two photos in the Exam Task. Use the words in the box.
right backgror.lnd next to behind teft for*ground on

1 ln the I can see some trees.

2
3
The father and son are sitting
The girl with long, blonde hair is
the sofa.
her mum.
Exam upi ' ' .....
:iglii
..".:Yt "
Describing in detail
4 ln the there is a mother and daughter. ¡ ln the exam, look at the photo for a ni.!*

5 The teenage boy is the white dog. moment before you start speaking.
6 The boy in the striped T-shirt is on the . Try and describe the photo in as
7 The father with the dogs is on the much detail as possible - think
about what you can see in the
D Read the Exam Close-up and then work in pairs to background and foreground.
complete the Exam Iask. Use the Useful Expressions o Use adjectives to describe people
to help you. and things, e.g. what they are
wearing, their personality, etc.
Exam Task ¡ Use prepositions to say where
Student A looks at photograph 1 and describes what he or she things are in the photograph.
can see. Student B listens. Then student B describes photograph 2
and student A listens.

:il ldeas Focus

L--_.-_

11
YooaVnlary
Collocations & Expressions
A Complete the phrases with keep, fall, pay, get and have.
1 acompliment/avisit
2 adiary/asecret
3 a family / sympathy
4 married / divorced
5 in love / to pieces

B Complete sentences 'l-'l 0 with collocations and expressions from A.

1 l'm not ready for children now, but l'd love to have in a few years.
2 Shhh! You mustn't tell anyone about it! Can you keep ')

3 I don't think l'll ever fall again. My divorce was very upsetting.
4 My husband paid me yesterday. He said I looked lovely.
5 Tom and I want to get as soon as possible. We love each other.
ó l'd never keep My sister might read it!
7 Have some Pete; your brother has just lost his job.
8 lf they can't sort out their problems soon, they may get
9 Why not pay Grandma Tom? She'll be pleased to see you.
10 lt is difficult not to fall when someone close to you passes away.

c Complete the sentences with the correct form of the expressions from A.
1 After 20 years, Susie's parents are
Naturally she's very upset.
2 Sam! father left his mother. Sam's worried that she'll

3t a lot of for
children of separated or divorced parents.
4 My grandmother! house is near here; let's
her
5 Mum, do you remember what it was that made you
with Dad?
ó Pam, can you ? Good, come here and l'll
whisper it in your ear.
7 A lot of my friends ; they write in it every
d"y.
8 My sister is at the end of the month
- she's having a very unusual wedding.
9 'Do you plan to when you grow up?'
'l want a big one with five childrenl'
10 My boyfriend
today; he said I was very cleverl

ldeas Focus
Countable / Uncountable Nouns & O,uantifiers
A took at the nouns in bold. Which are countable and which are
uncountable? Write C (countable) and U (uncountable).
1 Granddad told us a story about our ancestors. tr
2 Each country has its own traditions. tr
3 lnformation about our genes comes from our DNA. E
4 A mother feels great love for her children. tr
5 An aunt of mine gave me this picture. tr
B Circle the correct words to complete the rules.
1 Countable / Uncountable nouns refer to separate items. They can be singular
and plural. We use an article (a/an/the) before singular countable nouns.
2 Countable / Uncountable nouns refer to things that cannot be counted or
abstract ideas. These nouns do not have a plural form.

C Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable depending on their

mean¡ng. How is the meanin g of hair different in these sentences?
1 My sister washes her hair every day.
2 Oh no! There are dog hairs all over the sofa.

D Complete the table with the words below.

a lot of a kito of a number of any a few a tittle lots of many much some

I Be careful
I R"r"-b"r that some plural
O countable nouns don't end in
-s, and that some uncountable
nouns do end in -s.
Chitdren are usually friendly.
The news isvery good!

E Write the words in the correct column. G Complete the dialogues with a, an or sorne.
advice food generation information mirror 1 A: Can I have orange, please?
peopte maths famity research tradition B: Of coursel
:::-;=--' . - *' 2 A: What's that,- Dad?
L(,unrdpre ,.'
Ui
unggr]nla
.;
B: lt's
ii old watch that Granddad gave me.
'1
3 A: I saw cool audio equipment in a shop this
t!
i
-
morning.
B: Oh, did
- you buy anything?
4 A: Mum wants to make apple pie, but there
I
are only two apples.
B: Oh, well, l'll go and buy
-
Chocolate and tirne can also be countable and 5 A: What did you get for your birthday?
uncountable depending on their meaning. Write
B: I got delicious chocolate and great
a sentence for each meaning.
book!
A: Could I have milk? -
B: Oh, there isn't any left.
A: Did you buy present for your grandmother?
B: Yes, I bought her ltalian bag.
A: Do you want sugar in your tea?
B: No, thanks. -
13
 i
!
_r

Using abbreviations ,**

We often use abbreviations in notes and
postcards. These are the most common: \ ,#=n.
. morning and afternoon - am and pm
. people's titles - Mrs, M1 Miss,
Ms, Dr
. ordinal numbers - 1Oth (tenth),
40th (fortieth)
parts of the language - e.g. (for
example), etc. (etcetera), i.e. (that's
to say)
a some countries - USA, UK, UAE
a in addresses - Rd (road),
Ave (avenue), St (street)

A Rewrite the sentences below with abbreviations in your notebooks

1 I look like my mother's side of the family; that's to say, my grandmother, my aunt and my cousins.
2 lt! mum's thirty-fifth birthday next week.
3 Carol lives in the United Arab Emirates.
4 Please bring food. For example, fruit, sandwiches or hotdogs.
5 l'm seeing Doctor Andrews at four o'clock in the afternoon.
ó Mister Jones says lessons start at eight forty-five in the morning.
7 Sixty-two Greendale Street, London, United Kingdom.
I Buses leave at ten in the morning, eleven in the morning, twelve in the morning, etcetera.
m
g Read the writing task below and answer the questions.

You are preparíng for a special family occasion.

Write an email inviting one of your relatíves to
the party. Hi Uncle Sam,
ln your invitation, you should:
. How are you?
say what the invitation is for
. say when the party is We're havíng a surpr¡se party
on Saturday LLth
. say who is coming (35-45 words) April at 6pm because
it,s oaá,s soth-tiuf,Orr.
Can you come?
1 What do you have to write? All the family are coming,
2 Who will read it? as well as Dad,s
friends.
3 Why are you writing?
I hope you can come
too. Let me know.
L Read the example email and underline
Love,
the abbreviations.
Rashida

'14
D Read the example email again and tick (x) the things Rashida has included.
1 ,a greeting I 5 details about the food tr
2 the reason for the party tr 6 told the reader to keep a secret tr
3 the time the party starts [ 7 asked the reader to reply to the invitation I
4 the date ofthe party I 8 informal expressions tr
E Match the items to make a plan.
'l Greeting a Give the reason why you are writing.
2 Paragraph 1 b Love, Rashida
3 Paragraph 2 c Ask the reader to reply to your invitation.
4 Paragraph 3 d Ask about the reader.
5 Paragraph 4 e Hi Uncle Sam,
ó Signing off f Give more details about the party.

'
ffi
F Read the Exam Close-up and the Exam Task. Then make a plan.

G Now complete the Exam Task. Remember to

txam up
include all the important information. Including all the ¡nformat¡on
. Make sure you read the exam question
Exam Task .
carefully.
Underline the information you need to
include in your writing.
You have done very well at school this year and your
parents want to have a party to celebrate.
o When you have finished, read the exam
question again and check you have included
all the points in your note.
Write an email to a friend to invite them to the party.
ln your email you should:
. tell your friend why you are emailing
USeful r.x*r**§ii-*:l, *
a give information about the party (time, place, date) lnviting Writing about special
a ask your friend to reply You're invited to ... events
(35-45 words) Can you come? celebration
I want to invite you to ... guests
invitation
Asking for a reply
special occasion
Let me know if you can
surprise party
come.
celebrate
Tell me if you can come or
not. invite
organise
plan
have a party
Before you watch
A Work with a partner and answer these questions.
¡ What do you think 'family ties' are?
. Are family ties important to you? lNhy? / Why not?
¡ What reasons would a person cut family ties for?

While you watch

B watch the video and decide if these statements are T (True) or F (False).
1 Flora Salonik has a university degree but nowadays she lives on a farm.
I
2
3
Flora's Iife changed because she fell in love with a man from the Dorobo people.
I
The remote village of Kijunga is a forty-minute walk from Arusha.
tr
4 Florat family didn't know she was leaving the comforts of the city and moving to a faraway village. tr
5 Flora and her husband Loshero raise cattle and grow crops to feed their family.
tr
ó Since Flora has been away for so long, the busy streets of her hometown are familiar to Flora.
tr
After you watch
C Complete the summary of the video below using these words.
betonged city decision farm grew happy married stayed

Flora Salonik (1) up rn

Arusha, which is one of Tanzania's busiest cities.
She went to university and learnt to speak
four languages. However, Flora's life changed
dramatically after she got
(2) . Her husband brought
her home to the small village of Kijungu, very
far away from Arusha. Besides looking after
their three children, Flora also took care of the
family's (3) as her husband
was away for most of the time. It was difficult
for her to stop thinking about her past and she
wondered how her life would be if she lived in
the (4) . Flora had to make a
(s) about her familyt future.
She decided to go back to Arusha to figure things
out. Flora was very (ó) to see
her mother and (7) with her for
a while. She also visited all the places she used to
know. Finally, Flora made her decision; she
(8) in Kijungu.
t/vrif I
I am ('m)
not playing
1.1 Present Simple he/she/ii is ncit iitn'Íl playing
i we/you/they are not (aren't) playing

I/we/you/they play Am I playing?

he/she/it plays ls he/she/it playing?
Are we/y ou/they playing?

l/we/you/they don't play

he/she/it doesn't play Yes. lam.
Yes, he/she/it is.
Yes, we/you/they are. i No, we/you/they aren't.
Do l/we/you/they play? Spelling: make --+ making, swim + swimming,
Does he/she/it play?
studY r studYing
We use the Present Continuous for
o actions that are in progress at or around the time of
speaking.
We're watching a DVD about elephants.
¡ actions that are temporary.
We use the Present Simple for My cousin is staying wíth us this weekend.
¡ facts or general truths. ¡ situations that are changing or developing in the present.
My grandmother speaks five languages. Family members are living further and further away
o routines or habits (often with adverbs of frequency). from each other.
My sister always plays volleyball at the weekend. . an annoying habit (often with always, continually,
. permanent states. co n sta ntly and f o r ev e r).
We live in Sevenoaks. My brother is forever complaining about his homework.
¡ timetabled events in the future. . plans and arrangements for the future.
The film starts at I o'clock in the evening. We're vísiting my aunt this Saturday.
Note: Some common time expressions that are often Note: Some common time expressions that are often used
used with the Present Simple are every day/weeUmonth/ with the Present Continuous are at the moment, now, for
summer, every other day, once a week, twice a month, the time being, this morning/afternoon/evening/week/
at the weekend, in January, in the morning/afternoon/ month/year, today, etc.
evening, at night, on Tuesdays, on Friday mornings, etc. Jenny is getting married in December.
Jane vísits her mother twice a week.
1.4 Stative Verbs
1.2 Adverbs of frequency
Some verbs are not usually used in continuous tenses. They
We use adverbs of frequency to say how often something
are called stative because they describe states and not
happens. They come before the main verb, but after the
actions. To talk about the present, we use these verbs in
verb be.
the Present Simple tense. The most common of these are:
Jeremy is often tired in the morning. . verbs of emotion: hate, like, love, need, prefer, want.
Susan rarely argues with her brother.
Mum always makes our birthday cakes. Jane loves her new house.
Some common adverbs of frequency are:
. verbs of senses: feel, hear, see, smell, sound, taste.
This soup tastes delicious.
always (most often)
.
usually t
verbs which express a state of mind: believe, doubt,
forget, imagine, know, remember, seem, suppose,
often think, understand.
sometimes I

I I think that's a great ídea!

rarely/hardly ever/seldom J . verbs of possession'. belong to, have, own, possess.
never (least often)
This flat belongs to my aunt.
¡ other verbs: be, consíst, contaín, cost, include, mean.
1.3 Present Continuous Those curtains cost a fortune.
Some verbs can be both stative verbs and action verbs, but
with a different meaning. The most common of these verbs are:
playing ¡be
i he/she/it.is ('s)
y-./y:ilt["J*1.-1!f]-el-",yil9 I
John is very honest. (usual behaviour)
f
-*--- Ken is being very rude. (at the moment; not his normal
-*: behaviour)
161
 . expect 1.ó Uncountable Nouns
I expect you enjoyed your holiday. (expect = think or
believe) Some nouns are uncountable. They do not have plural
l'm expecting a letter from my grandma. (expect = wait forms.
for)
advice history progress
. have
cheese homework research
Lucy has a lovely house. (have : own/possess)
chocolate information rubbish
Susan's having a great time at her cousin's house!
equipment knowledge sa/t
(have = experience)
food luggage time
fruit milk traffic
Gerty's having lunch with her parents today. (have = fun money water
¡
eating) furniture music weather
look
We don't use a or an with uncountable nouns. We can use
She looks like her mother. (look like : resemble)
some and any.
Are you looking for your keys? (look = search)
. l'd like some cheese ín my sandwich.
taste
Have you got any homework tonight?
This soup tastes horriblel (taste : have a particular
flavour) We always use singular verb forms with uncountable nouns.
Why are you tasting the sauce? (taste = test the This fruit is so de/icious.
flavour) Milk is good for you.
o think Note: Some uncountable nouns end in -s. Remember to
I think you're madl (think = have an opinion) use a singular verb form with them
Jenny's thinking of going to France. (think = consider) The news isn't good.
. see Maths is my favourite subject.
'My uncle Paul is my mum's brother.' 'Oh, / see.'(see : We can use phrases describing quantity with uncountable
understand) nouns to say how much we have. The most common of
'l'm seeing Wendy tomorrow evening.'(see : meet) these phrases are:
. sme// . abagof
These flowers smell wonderful. (smell : have a , a bottle of 'ajarof
. a kilo of
particular smell) o a bowl of . a loaf of
Why are you smelling the milk? (smell : action of . acanof . a number of
smelling) t a carton of ' a packet of
. weigh . acupof
Jillweighs 48 k9. (weigh = have a particular weight) t a glass of '. a piece of
atinof
l'm weighing my suitcase to see how heavy it is. (weigh
: A bowl of soup
measure the weight)
A glass of water
1.5 Countable Nouns 1.7 Quantifiers
Most nouns are countable and have singular and plural We use some with both uncountable and plural countable
forms. nouns in affirmative sentences and in requests or offers.
sister » sisters leaf - leaves Here are sorne books for your research.
family + families child t children Can you give me some advice?
toy -"» lort woman ) women Would you like some chocolate?
tomato -, tomatoes foot ¡ feet
We use anywith both uncountable and plural countable
We usually use a or an with singular countable nouns. nouns in negative sentences and in questions.
a wedding Did Julia buy any fruit at the market?
an opinion Sarah hasn't got any brothers.
We can use some, any or a number (eg three) with plural We use a lot/lots of with both uncountable and plural
countable nouns. countable nouns.
There are some birds in the park. There's a lot/lots of traffic today.
Are there any biscuits? There are a lot/lots of people in town.
We're moving house in three weeks.
We use a little with uncountable nouns and a fewwith
We use singular or plural verb forms with countable nouns plural countable nouns in affirmative sentences.
depending on whether we are talking about one or more I like a little milk in my tea.
items. James always eats a few biscuits for breakfast.
A family get-together is just what we need.
My sisters líve in Hull. We use much with uncountable nouns and manywith plural
countable nouns in negative sentences and in questions.
Note: Some countable nouns don't end in -s. Remember There wasn't much snow last night. (
Have many of your friends seen that film?
to use a plural verb form with them. :
Children are sometimes unkind.
His feet are very big!
a

162