Scribd
Upload
63 views8 pages

Compositions of Crude Oils

This document discusses the composition of crude oils. It explains that crude oil is made up of a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, with the main elements being carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. It describes the main classes of hydrocarbons that make up crude oils, including saturated compounds like paraffins and naphthenes, and unsaturated compounds like olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons. Each class is defined, with paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics explained in more detail regarding their chemical structure and properties.

Uploaded by

فاطمة جميل سلطان
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views8 pages

Compositions of Crude Oils

This document discusses the composition of crude oils. It explains that crude oil is made up of a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, with the main elements being carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. It describes the main classes of hydrocarbons that make up crude oils, including saturated compounds like paraffins and naphthenes, and unsaturated compounds like olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons. Each class is defined, with paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics explained in more detail regarding their chemical structure and properties.

Uploaded by

فاطمة جميل سلطان
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining

Compositions of Crude Oils

Lecturers:
assistant teachers
Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna
Belinskaya Natalia Sergeevna

1
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining. Crude oils Composition

Introduction

 Crude oil comes from different parts of the world and has different
physical and chemical characteristics.
Название темы

 The products that are produced have to meet market requirements and
as such, should comply with certain specifications.

2
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining. Crude oils Composition

Elemental composition of Crude oils

Crude oil is a complex liquid mixture made up of a vast number of


hydrocarbon compounds
Название темы

Element Composition (wt %)


Carbon 83.0 – 87.0
Hydrogen 10.0 – 14.0
Sulphur 0.05 – 6.0
Nitrogen 0.1 – 0.2
Oxygen 0.05 – 2.0
Ni < 120 ppm
V < 1200 ppm

3
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining. Crude oils Composition

Classes of hydrocarbons

 Saturated hydrocarbons contain only carbon–carbon single bonds.


- paraffins (alkanes) Название темы
- naphthenes (cycloalkanes)

 Unsaturated hydrocarbons (olefins) contain carbon–carbon multiple


bonds (double, triple or both). They contain fewer hydrogens per carbon
than paraffins
- alkenes contain a carbon–carbon double bond
- alkynes contain carbon–carbon triple bond

 Aromatic hydrocarbons are special class of cyclic compounds related


in structure to benzene

4
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining. Crude oils Composition

Paraffins (alkanes)

 General formula is CnH2n+2


- n is the number of carbon Название
atoms темы

 Normal paraffins (n-paraffins or n-alkanes) are unbranched


straightchain molecule

 Isoparaffins (or isoalkanes) are branched-type hydrocarbons that


exhibit structural isomerization

5
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining. Crude oils Composition

Olefins (alkenes)

 unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon double bonds


Название темы
 acetylenes (alkynes) are compounds containing carbon–carbon triple
bonds

 the general formula of olefins is CnH2n(R–CH=CH–R’)

 the general formula of acetylenes is CnH2n–2(R–CH≡C–R’)

 alkadienes (dienes) are compounds containing two double bonds


(R–CH=CH–CH=R’)

6
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining. Crude oils Composition

Naphthenes (cycloalkanes)

 saturated hydrocarbons that have at least one ring of carbon atoms


Название темы

 The boiling point and densities of naphthenes are higher than those of
alkanes having the same number of carbon atoms

7
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining. Crude oils Composition

Aromatics

 unsaturated cyclic compounds composed of one or more benzene rings


Название темы
 the benzene ring has three double bonds with unique electron
arrangements that make it quite stable

 polynuclear aromatic compounds

You might also like