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org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ), Volume 2 Issue 9 Page 3277-3281, 2017 ISSN 2395-1621

ISSN 2395-1621 Waste Shredding Machine

#1
Prof. R. D. Nipane, #2Mr. Basutkar. Vyankatesh. M, #3Mr. Datar. Maitreya. C,
#4
Mr. Otari. Amey. S, #5Mr. Sapkal. Sukhdev. A,
1
rdnpvpit@gmail.com
2
venky.basutkar@gmail.com
3
maitreyacd@live.com
4
ameyotari42@gmail.com
5
tusharsapkal75@gmail.com
#1
Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering
#2345
Student, Mechanical Engineering

PVPIT, Bavdhan, Pune, Savitribai Phule Pune University

ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO

The main aim to make such a mechanical oriented project is to reduce the scrap Article History
volume and use it for recycle purpose properly. Now a days there is a wide usage of
Received: 5th May 2017
storage containers which have been used in hotels and canteens and for their storage
large volume of space is required. In order to reduce the waste, we planned to create a Received in revised form :
container shredding machine that will reduce the volume of edible storage containers
5th May 2017
by precisely eighty percent. There are many researchers who have done work on
design and analysis, but still there are multiple areas of scope regarding the design Accepted: 12th May 2017
and analysis of this machine. This paper includes the design and details of a compact
waste shredder which helps in reducing the volume of the generated waste. This Published online :
machine’s primary usage is to save space and to progress recycling. 12th May 2017

Keywords: Compact, Volume, Waste, Shredder.

I. INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of the project is to reduce and increase to bring anywhere and easier to locate and transport
the amount of waste management space using the previously collected waste.
used waste storage. The design is environment friendly and Initially, we observed and noted that waste in multiple
uses simple properties such as mechanical edged cams. The restaurants and eateries were often consumed through
design is done so that the process of designing, mechanism packaged containers and the containers which were later
and force analysis are utilised thus creating a new machine. disposed occupied a lot of disposal space. We thus decided
In order to reduce the waste, we planned to create a to work on a project which will help in reducing the volume
container shredding machine that will reduce the volume of of waste which was disposed at similar food joints.
edible storage containers by precisely eighty percent. This In the second stage, we decided to design a mechanised
machine’s primary usage is to save space and for recycling. machine which would simply compress and squeeze the
It can be placed anywhere in park, restaurant, canteens, etc. containers and then deploy a squeezed coin shaped blank
In today’s life most of the food items are packed in which could be later sent for segregation and disposal or
disposable containers. Cold drinks and other beverages also recycling.
come in disposable containers. Commercial establishments Further on studying and gathering information on the
like cafeteria and bars, have to deal with leftover disposable concept, we came decided to design a pneumatic system
containers. Storage is often a problem and containers which would use the freely available air and thus implement
consume a lot of space, thereby increasing total volume of container crushing for project objective. Later in the
trash. The transportation cost is also high for moving such a calculation process we concluded that a disposable water
huge amount of inflated waste. Thus this machine will help bottle of a volume of 2 litres precise when enclosed with air,
to recycle and maintain the environment too. required a high amount of force which could not be exerted
This project involves the process of designing the different by a market ready pneumatic cylinder of a similar base
parts of the waste management machine considering the dimension. Also, the bottle which was to be crushed thus to
forces and ergonomic factors for people to use. This project form a blank was to be specifically horizontal in nature and
is mainly about generating a new concept of disposable thus an arrangement for the same was necessary.
waste shredder that would make waste management easier

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 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ), Volume 2 Issue 9 Page 3277-3281, 2017 ISSN 2395-1621

In the next stage, we studied in depth regarding the bottle  To prevent and reduce the injuries which are
crushing and waste management, we came across a paper included in waste segregation and management;
shredder which put us up to an idea wherein we could which lead to lively threats.
simply shred the waste. Thus, we started working on the  To reduce and improve the waste management
design of a shredder which would shred the waste which system
entered the machine in any possible direction thus reducing
the space needed for the similar amount of waste.
IV. METHODOLOGY
II. LITERATURE REVIEW Initially, we observed and noted that waste in multiple
restaurants and eateries were often consumed through
Ajinkya S. Hande, in their research work carried out packaged containers and the containers which were later
project on Methodology For Design & Fabrication of disposed occupied a lot of disposal space. We thus decided
Portable Organic Waste Chopping Machin .Organic waste is to work on a project which will help in reducing the volume
fed uniformly through feeding drum and tray. Then the of waste which was disposed at similar food joints.
Shaft rotated at 1440 rpm through electric motor by means In the second stage, we decided to design a mechanised
of pulleys makes the chopping drum to cut the waste by the machine which would simply compress and squeeze the
effect of impact shear obtained from the shearing blades. containers and then deploy a squeezed coin shaped blank
The cut is also made inside the chopping house due to the which could be later sent for segregation and disposal or
effect of tensile, friction, and impact effect in chopping recycling.
process. Then the cut pieces pass through the concave holes The initial stage of the project was to develop a optimum
of the sieve & come out of the machine. The sieves of design which is best in the manner of processing system and
different sized holes can be used Agriculture is now one of in manufacturing system. In that case the design of the
the most important sectors it plays a vital role in Indian project parameters we came across different aspects of
economy. In order to further develop this sector technology optimum design. We select the best available design system
has become one of the main components. Typically, dealing in the market.
with the agriculture sector can entail difficulties relating to a The next stage of the project was to manufacture the project
number of factors. Consequently, to overcome such as per the design parameters. The shredder is consists of
problems, farmers are being encouraged to adopt innovative electrical motor, shaft, gears for meshing of cutters which
technology that suits their farm. Survey was carried out has been installed on the shaft. The Electric motor was
through product study, market study. designed to give optimum torque and power to process the
mechanical cutters. In the last stage, trials proved in the
Can recycling is very important part of any family and incapacity of torque, which led to the selection of a torque
community recycling program. Aluminium recycling is one converter selected from catalogue. The torque converter
of the easiest things you can do to help the environment. includes a worm and a worm gear.
Recycling of can began long ago and started to become
common practice back in early 1970‟s. Can is 100% V. DESIGN PARAMETERS
renewable. This means that can you take to your local
recycling centre today becomes a new aluminium can. There  The maximum container size of the disposable
are no waste products in the process of making a 100% container was found to be the dimensions of a 2L
renewable resources and one of the best things cans can be water bottle which were 400 * 120mm. It is later
recycled. You might be surprised to know that within 60 calculated and found that the bottle exerted a
days an aluminium can is able to go from your recycling maximum force under compression in accordance
centre and becomes a brand new can to be used by with volume.
consumer.  The bottle which is to be cut requires a certain
amount of force which will be calculated. Based on
A crusher is a machine designed to reduce large solid the force which has been calculated a suitable
material object into a smaller volume or pieces. Crusher durable material is to be selected. The material will
reduces the size or change the form of waste material so be selected for the cutters which will cut the
they can more easily disposed or recycled. pressurised plastic bottle.
 Torque and Power which Design of the maximum
III. OBJECTIVES spacing in between the shaft and the walls which
will hold the cutters and help in cutting the plastic
 To create a machine to satisfy the needs of a first bottle/waste.
level waste management system to reduce the  is required for cutting the waste material which is
volume of waste being generated. to be developed by the two indirect cutting shafts
 To reduce the bit size of shredded waste, thus which will be provided by the motor.
enhancing the safety of waste sorters and to help  The frame which will hold the cutter shafts.
implement an automated waste sorting system  Bearings which will support the shaft ends and
based on waste material density. support and hold the waste which is to cut.
 To make optimum use of available waste area by  Ergonomic considerations of a funnel which will
reducing the volume of the waste being generated. support and carry the waste to the cutters which
will help avoid human errors and accidents.

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 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ), Volume 2 Issue 9 Page 3277-3281, 2017 ISSN 2395-1621

VI. DESIGN CALCULATIONS UDL acting = 26.71 N/mm

Therefore Ra = Rb = (26.71 x 140) / 2 = 1870 N
 Shaft Calculations Hence, Pr = 1870 N
 Cutting force required to cut the bottle Length of Therefore Pe = 1 x Pr = 1870 N
shaft = 140 mm (Considering maximum  Now, life of bearing, L10 = (Lh x 60 x N) / 106
diameter of bottle 120 mm)  Taking Lh = 1000 hrs & N = 100 rpm
 Shear strength of PET (Plastic) = 55 N/mm2 L10 = 6
 Torque: Blade must cut the bottle initiating from  Now static capacity of bearing
tip. Thickness of blade = 4 mm C = P ( L10)1/3
 Shear strength of bottle = 55 N/mm2 = 1870 x (6)1/3
 Thickness of bottle = 1mm = 3398 N
 Thickness of tool tip = 4 mm = 3400 N
 Height of tool tip = 1 mm = 3.4 KN
 Taking no. of blades = 17 (For 140 mm length of So, inner diameter of bearing is 15 mm & load capacity is
shaft) 3.4 KN. Therefore, selecting bearing from catalog
 Shear force required = Shear strength x area = 55 x Bearing = 6202
4x1 = 220 N D = 35 mm
 Diameter of cutting tool = 130 mm d = 15 mm
 Therefore, tip of tool is 65 mm from center of t = 11 mm
shaft Dynamic capacity = 7.65 KN
 Torque required for cutting = 220 x 0.065 = 14.3 Static Capacity = 3.72 KN
Nm
 Force exerted per cutting blade = 220/Blade

 Total force on all blades = 220 x 17 = 3740 N

 Therefore force excerting per mm = 3740/140
= 26.71 N/mm
 Calculating Maximum Bending Moment = (WL^2) Fig. 2. Pedestal Bearing and Spacer
/8
= (26.71 x 140 x 140) / 8 = 65439.5 Nmm VII. MATERIAL USED AND PROCESS
 Torque = 14.3 x 1000 Nmm SELECTED
 Therefore equivalent torque = √M2+T2 =
66983.71 Nmm Table. 1. Bill Of Materials and Process Selected
 Now to calculate shaft diameter:
τ = (16 Te / π D3 ) D3 = 16 Te / π τ = (16 x 66983.71) / Part Name Material Used & Process
( π x 90) D = 15.59 mm Selected
Considering safety and nature of work, we are selecting Motor MGM Motor, 0.5 HP, 0.36
diameter of shaft as 20 mm. KW, 1350 RPM, Pre-Geared.

Coupling Flange Coupling

Bearing SKF 6202, Pedestal Type

Mild Steel, Hexagonal

Shaft Extruded

Cutter Blades Mild Steel, Laser Cut

Support Walls Mild Steel, Milling

Hopper Aluminium/Mild Steel Sheet

metal
Fig. 1. Hexagonal Shaft
Stationery Blades Mild Steel, Laser Cut
 Bearing calculations
 Effective load (Pe) = X V Pr + Y Pa Washers Mild Steel, Laser Cut
 As no forces are acting axially on shaft, taking Pa =
0, X = 1 Bin Aluminium/Mild steel Sheet
metal
 Also, as inner race of bearing is rotating, taking
value of V = 1 Frame Mild Steel, Arc Welding
 Therefore, Pe = V Pr = 1 x Pr
 Now calculating reaction forces on shaft. Fasteners Steel, Standard Available
Total length = 140 mm

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 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ), Volume 2 Issue 9 Page 3277-3281, 2017 ISSN 2395-1621

VIII. CONSTRUCTION & WORKING B] Working

The motor is started and functioning of the machine and
A] Construction machine blades are ensured. The revolution of blades is
For construction, first material is procured and sent for checked to avoid friction and breakage or wear due to
further processing. The individual parts are manufactured contact.
taking reference of the bill of materials in pint VII. The The motor drives the torque convertor worm which in turn
parts are then taken for assembly. drives the worm wheel. The worm wheel drives the shaft
Initially, a hexagonal shaft is selected so that we get 6 which powers the revolution of the cutter blades.
working faces and 6 varying angles for the cutter blades to In the next step, we provide input for the machine. The
be mounted. The hexagonal shaft is turned and produces in waste is put through the funnel. The waste is captured by the
an extrusion form where the ends are circular. The turning is revolving cutter blade and is pressed against the stationary
done using a lathe machine. The cutters are the mounted blades. The stationary blades withstand the reaction force
over the shaft varying each angle by a different face of the and thus the waste is extruded through the gaps in the cutter
shaft. The cutters are further spaced by washers thus to blades. As the machine is an interlocking structure with a
avoid contact and achieve waste passage spacing. minor clearance in between blades; maximum extrusion of
After the assembly of cutters over the shaft, the walls which waste through the gaps is ensured. The waste which escapes
will hold the shaft are inserted. The laser cut walls have a through clearance is again captured by the cutter blade in
washer before the end cutters. upcoming revolution cycle. The waste is then shredded
Then the pedestal bearings are mounted on both sides to either into fine bits or into shredded strips in case of elastic
ensure support. materials. The shredded volume is less as compared to the
After partial assembly, the remaining support walls are waste before shredding as maximum space is occupied by
taken which ensure the stability of the support blades. The the shredded waste.
support blades are welded on the side walls which have pre-
cut slots for blade mounting purposes. The two support IX. ADVANTAGES
walls are then welded with the partial assembly to form a
box like structure. The shaft which comes through the • Optimum waste space utilization
pedestal bearing is then mounted with a flange coupling. • Easier waste handling
The second end of coupling is attached to the output of • Optimum waste segregation without labour injuries
torque converter. The torque converter alignment is ensured • Ease of application in any and every area
for maximum power transfer efficiency and minimum • Ease of access
transfer losses. The torque converter is driven using a 0.5HP • High portability
motor as stated above in the bill of materials. The torque
converter is again coupled with a flange coupling and X. DISADVANTAGES
alignment is to be ensured again. The total assembly is
mounted over a frame which helps in vibration absorption • High power requirements
purposes. The couplings are provided with sleeves to ensure • Only specific dimensional materials and material
safety in case of failure. having dimension below the specified dimension
In the final stage, a regular dustbin is put under the main can be shredded.
machine box which helps in collecting the shredded waste. • High maintenance time and difficult to replace
Further a hopper/funnel is fixed over the main machine cutting part
assembly using lock tights. The funnel ensures worker
safety and is typically of a full arm length. The bin and the XI. CONCLUSION
funnel are made out of Mild steel sheets which are folded
riveted and fixed using lock tight adhesive. The project involves the process of designing the different
parts of the waste management machine considering the
forces and ergonomic factors for people to use. The project
is mainly about generating a new concept of disposable
waste shredder that would make waste management easier
to bring anywhere and easier to locate and transport
collected waste. The project also involves changes in power
drives for the machine thus to gain increment in torque
parameter and achieve successful shredding using a low
power motor.
In the final stage, we studied in depth regarding the bottle
crushing and waste management, we came across a paper
shredder which put us up to an idea wherein we could
simply extrude and shred the waste. Based on statistics and
analysis required for the feasibility of container shredding
machine; we calculated and analysed an optimum machine
design which will reach Layman’s terms based on common
person handling. The dimensions are specified and support
Fig. 3. Cutter and Shaft Assembly
bearings are selected referring the manufacturer’s catalogue.

© 2017, IERJ All Rights Reserved Page 4

 www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ), Volume 2 Issue 9 Page 3277-3281, 2017 ISSN 2395-1621

Thus, all the machine requirements have been achieved and [5]“Can Crusher Project” by Kartikey Desai, Courtney
the machine design has been completed. The machine is Jones, Sarah Kasi, and Jon Ko ; 21 March 2008
ready for application purposes.
[6]International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial
XII. FUTURE SCOPE Technology ISSN 2348-7593 (Online) Vol. 2, Issue
2, pp: (155-159), Month: October 2014 - March
 Applicable in Municipal waste management 2015
 Application for malls and food joints n eateries
 Automatic activation and deactivation of machine [7] B.U.Bhandari , Tata McGrawHill; Design Of
based on waste input Machine Parts,
 Machine optimization for various application
 Machine optimization for miniature applications
 Cost effective manufacturing for multiple
applications
 Customization on customer end application
 System automation for variable loads and
consumptions
 Batch shredding of waste
 Automated batch shredding in case of large waste
sites
 Customer safety and accident prevention
 Reduction in maintenance and down time
 Increment of machine life span
 Application based on corrosion resistance in case
of wet waste shredding
 Waste segregation based on waste material
 Aesthetic representation of waste shredding
concept

XIII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to thank our teachers and our guide

who provided constant encouragement and made it possible
for us to take up challenge doing this project. We are
grateful to Prof.R.D.Nipane for his technical support,
valuable guidance, encouragement and consistent help. He
is constant source of inspiration and information for us. Last
but not least, we are thankful to our entire staff of
mechanical department for their timely help and guidance at
various stages of the project.

REFERENCES

[1]Alpha Engineering Company, and Roadrunner Trucking

4th Period-Tech, Paper presented by Kartikey Desai,
Courtney Jones, Sarah Kasi, Jon Ko

[2]Ajinkya S.Hande et al. “Methodology For Design &

Fabrication of Portable Organic Waste Chopping Machine
To Obtain Compost -A Review” IJIRST –International
Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology|
Volume 1

[3]P.B.Khope and J.P.Modak “Design of experimental set-

up for establishing empirical relationship for chaff cutter
energized by human powered flywheel motor” Journal of
Agricultural Technology 2013 Vol. 9(4): 779-791.

[4]“The Can Crusher” by Stanley Andrews & Brandon

Jefferson ; 01 Aug 2013

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