VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA,

UJJAIN

Syllabus
for
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION

Two year
B.ED. DEGREE COURSE

I , II, III & IV Semesters

2015-16 Academic Year and Onwards

1
 VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
UJJAIN
Syllabus & Course Structure
For
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.)
COURSE STRUCTURE:
B.Ed. Course Scheme of Examination – Semester Scheme

Semester – I

Course/Paper Hours Total Internal External

per marks (Formative) (Summative)
week

Group A: Core
Course
CC 1: Educational 6 100 25 75
Psychology
CC 2. Education in 6 100 25 75
India- Status,
Problems and Issues
CC 3. Language 4 50 15 35
across the
curriculum – Part 1
CC 4. Curriculum 100 25 75
Development &
School 6
PRACTICAL
EPC 1 Reading and 2 50 20 30
Reflecting on Texts
Total 24 400 110 290

Note:1. Assignments & Tasks for Courses 1,2,3,4

2.Practical exam of EPC-1 should be conducted external examiner
appointed by university. External examiner end the marks directly to the
university.

2
 VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
UJJAIN
Syllabus & Course Structure
For
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.)
COURSE STRUCTURE:
B.Ed. Course Scheme of Examination – Semester Scheme
Second Semester

Course/Paper Hours Total Internal External

per marks (Formative) (Summative)
week

Group B: Core Course

CC 1: Learning & 5 100 25 75
Teaching
CC 2 Pedagogy of a 5 100 25 75
School Subject – Part 1
(Subject: 1.Hindi 2.English
3.Sanskrit 4.Urdu
5.Biology 6. Mathematics
7 Social Science.

CC 3 Pedagogy of a 5 100 25 75
School (Part II): Subject
Knowledge
and the Related Pedagogic
Dimensions (Subject:
1.Gen.Science.
2.Chemistry 3.Physics
4.History 5.Civics
6.Geography 7.Economics
8.Commerce
CC 4. Language across 4 50 15 35
the curriculum- Part -2
PRACTICAL

EPC 2 Microteaching 3 50 50 00
EPC 3 Drama & Art in 2 50 20 30
Education
Total 24 450 160 290
Note: 1. Assignments & Tasks for Courses 1,2,3,4

3
2. Practical exam of EPC-3 should be conducted by external examiner
appointed by university. External examiner will send the marks directly to
the university.
VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
UJJAIN
Syllabus & Course Structure
For
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.)
COURSE STRUCTURE:
B.Ed. Course Scheme of Examination – Semester Scheme
Third Semester
Course/Paper Hours Total Internal External
per marks (Formative) (Summative)
week

Group A: Core
Course
CC 1:Action 4 100 25 75
Research
PRACTICAL
CC 2 School 16 350 150 200
Internship
EPC 4- Educational 2 50 20 30
Psychology Practical
EPC 5- Work 2 50 20 30
Experience:
1. Drawing &
Painting
2.Harticulture &
Gardening
3. Music
4.Computer Work
Total 24 550 215 335

Note: 1. (Eight Weeks) Practice Teaching & (Eight Weeks) Internship

school
2. Practical exam of CC 2,EPC-4 & EPC-5should be conducted by
external examiner appointed by university. External examiner will
send the marks directly to the university.

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 VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
UJJAIN
Syllabus & Course Structure
For
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.)
COURSE STRUCTURE:
B.Ed. Course Scheme of Examination – Semester Scheme

Fourth Semester
Course/Paper Hours per Total Internal External
week marks (Formative) (Summative)

Group B: Core Course

CC 1: Gender, School & 5 100 25 75
Society
CC 2. Educational 5 100 25 75
Technology & ICT
CC 3. Creating an 5 100 25 75
Inclusive School
CC 4. Optional Course: 5 100 25 75
(Any One of the Subject
mentioned below)

a. Value Education
b. Futurology in
Education
c. Health and Physical
Education
d. Guidance and
Counseling in
School
e. Environmental
Education
f. Population
Education
PRACTICAL
EPC 6 : 50 20 30
Understanding the
Self 2
EPC 7 : Understanding 50 20 30
of ICT or Report of
Action Research 2

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 24 500 140 360
Note:1. Assignments & Tasks for Courses 1,2,3,4
2. Practical exam of EPC-6 & EPC-7 should be conducted by external examiner
appointed by university. External examiner will send the marks directly to the university.

VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
UJJAIN
Syllabus & Course Structure
For
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.)

FINAL MARKS AND CREDIT DIVISION OF FOUR SEMESTERS

Semester External Internal Total Marks weeks

I 290 110 400 24

II 290 160 450 24

III 335 215 550 24

IV 360 140 500 24

Total Marks/Weeks 1275 625 1900 96

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 VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
UJJAIN
Syllabus & Course Structure
For
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.)

FINALEXAMINATIONOF FOUR SEMESTERS

THEORY PAPER/INTERNAL/PRACTICAL
Semester No. of Theory Internal& Practical & Total Marks

papers Marks Marks

& Marks

I FOUR (260) FIVE (110) ONE (30) 400

II FOUR(260) SIX(160) ONE(30) 450

III ONE(75) FOUR(215) THREE(260) 550

IV FOUR(300) SIX(140) TWO(60) 500

Total 895 625 380 1900

Marks/Weeks

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Eligibility to take the Examination
a. A candidate shall appear at the final examination if he/she satisfactorily completes,
besides fulfilling all other conditions under regulation of this syllabus.
Guidelines for Internal Assessment:
1 The college shall submit to the University all the internal assessment marks
pertaining to theory and practicum as detailed in above to the University a week
before the commencement of the theory examination along with CD in the format
supplied by the University.

2 The Registrar (Evaluation) shall arrange for scrutiny of internal marks by constituting
a committee of 2-3 members. The committee shall ascertain IA marks in the light of
guidelines. The Registrar (Evaluation) shall call for all the IA related records of any
Affiliated College without any prior intimation or the screening committee may visit
any B.Ed college at any time during the office hours without any intimation; and
during such surprise visit, the screening committee shall verify the IA records.

3 The individual colleges shall also submit the required descriptive statistics i.e.,
Frequency distribution, Mean, for (i)Total Internal Assessment (ii) Individual
papers and (iii) Internship in Teaching as directed by the Registrar(Evaluation).
4 The Principal of the college shall submit a fair copy of the moderated consolidated
marks lists incorporating the directions of the Registrar (Evaluation).
5 In the instance of any malpractice coming to the knowledge of the Registrar
(Evaluation) the matter will be seriously viewed by the University for appropriate
action.
6 The decision of the University shall be final.
Scheme of Examination:
1 There shall be a University Examination at the end of each semester.
2 Scheme of studies and examination of the B.Ed. Course (vide Annexure 1)
3 The External and internal assessment for each Theory and MOT paper shall be 75 and 25
marks respectively.

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Theory Examination – Question Paper Pattern
Pattern of all Question Papers for B.Ed. papers (duration of examination-3 hrs)

No. of questions to be Marks per Total

Section Nature of objectives to be covered
answered question marks
A 11 Questions out of 14 Knowledge / Understanding /
questions to be 5 55 Comprehension type questions. Each
answered should answered in not more
100-150 Words.
B 2 Questions 10 20 Application, Analysis, Synthesis,
out of 4 question
to be answered Evaluation type questions Each should
be answered in about 400-500
Words.
Total 75

No. of questions to be Marks per Total

Section Nature of objectives to be covered
answered question marks
A 5 Questions out of 7 Knowledge / Understanding /
questions to be 3 15 type Each
answered should answered in not more than one
75-100 Words.
Comprehension
type Questions
2Questions out Each Should
of 4 Questions answered in not
to be more than 100-
B Answered 5 10 150 words.
C 1 Questions 10 10 Application, Analysis, Synthesis,
out of 2 question
to be answered Evaluation type questions Each should
be answered in about 300-400
Words
Total 35

Note : 1. All units in a given subject/paper should be adequately represented in the question
paper. 2. Due weightage in terms of marks should be given to each unit.
Internal Assessment:
A. The Internal Assessment marks of the theory papers are as follows.

Particulars Marks
1. Attendance 5 Marks
st
2. 1 Test 5 Marks

9
 nd
3. 2 Test 5 Marks
4. Assignment 10 Marks
Total 25 Marks

Attendance Marks Split-up

Attendance 90 and Above 80 Above 75 70 and
(in percentage) above to 90 to 80 below
Marks 5 4 3 No Marks

Community Orientation Grades

a. SUPW
b. PE/Games
C. Citizenship Training Camp (CTC)

Grades (A= Excellent, B=Good, C= Average)

Final Teaching :-

A I. Evaluation Lesson plan (Prepared lesson Plan Diary) 50 150

II. Teaching aids used 50
III. Presentation of lesson(any one Pedagogy subject)50
BIV.Viva-Voce on pedagogy subject 50

Use of thermo coal in preparation of teaching aids is prohibited since it is non

biodegradable. Even thermo coal sheets not be used as base material.

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 VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA, UJJAIN
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.) 2 Year
SYLLABUS
Compulsory Paper
Semester – I
CC 1: Educational Psychology
Objectives: •

To develop an understanding of different aspects of a child‘s physical, motor,

social and emotional development.
To understand the developmental process of children with diverse abilities in
social, cultural and political context.
To build sensitivity towards children‘s developmental needs and capabilities,
within their socio-cultural context.
To develop a sensitive and critical understanding of the different
social/educational/cultural/political realities at the core of the exploration into
childhood.
To build an interdisciplinary frame work to interpret, analyse observations and
interactions from cross culture psychology.
To develop critical deconstruction of significant events that media highlights and
creates during childhood
To provide hands-on experiences to interact with children, and training in
methods to understand aspects of the development of children.
To develop the power to interpret how gender caste and social class may impact
the lived experience of children.

CONTENT

Unit 1: Perspectives in Development

Concept , Meaning ,Scope and Function and Educational Psychology

Introduction to development: concept and introduction to perspectives in
development, humanistic psychology and developmental theory
Enduring themes in the study of development: development as multidimensional
and plural; Development as continuing through the life span; ways in which
development is continuous/discontinuous? ; Socio-cultural contexts influencing
development

11
 Gathering data about children from different contexts: naturalistic observations;
interviews; reflective journals about children; anecdotal records and narratives;
Experimental methods with reference to Piaget
Method:Longitudinal, Cross Sectional, Sequential, Cohort methods:
Biographical, Case study and Observational method.

Unit 2: Stages of Human Development

Child as a developing individual; a psycho-social entity; stages of development

Developmental characteristics of a child and an adolescent: physical, cognitive,
social, emotional, moral and language; their interrelationships
Developmental tasks of childhood and adolescence and their implications
Factors influencing development such as heredity& environment, media,
nutrition, child-rearing practices, siblings and peers
Commonalities and diversities within the notion of childhood and how multiple
childhoods are constructed with particular reference to the Indian context.

Unit 3: Social and Emotional Development

Basic understanding of emotions, how differential gender socialization occurs •

Personality development: Freud; psycho-social development-Erikson; influence
of early childhood experiences on later personality.
Social theories and gender development: meaning of gender roles; influences on
gender roles, stereotypes.
Development of emotions: functions of emotions, attachment.

Unit 4: Contexts of Socialization

Concept of socialization: family and child relationships; parenting, child rearing

practices
Schooling: peer influences, school culture, relationships with teachers, teacher
expectations and school achievement; being out of school, overage learner
Relationships with peers: competition and cooperation, competition and conflict;
aggression and bullying .
Social, economic and cultural differences in socialization: implications for
inclusion.

Essential Readings

Cole, M., Cole, S. R. and Lightfoot, C. (2004). The Development of Children.

New York: Worth Publishers. Chapter 1: The study of Human Development.
Newman, B. M. and Newman, P.H. (2007). Theories of Human Development.
London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, publishers. Chapter 1: Introduction.

12
 Papalia, D. E. and Olds, S. W. (2003). Human Development. New York:
McGraw Hill Higher Education. Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development,
Chapter 2: Theory and Research, Chapter 4: Physical Development During the
First Three Years, Chapter 7: Physical Development in Early Childhood, Chapter
9: Physical Development in Middle Childhood.
Saraswathi, T.S. (Ed.) (1999). Culture, Socialization and Human Development:
Theory, Research and Applications in India. Sage publications. Chapter 4:
Theoretical Frameworks in Cross-cultural Psychology, Chapter 6: Individualism
in a Collective Culture: A Case of Co-existence of Opposites.
Vasanta, D. (2004). Childhood, Work and Schooling: Some Reflections.
Contemporary Education Dialogue, Vol. 2(1), 5-29. 6. Mukunda, K. V. (2009).
What Did You Ask in School Today? A Handbook on Child Learning. Noida:
Harper Collins. Chapter 4: Child Development, 79-96.
Readings for Discussion 1. Aries, P. (1965). Centuries of Childhood-A social
history of the family life. Random House Inc. Chapter 1: The Ages of Life,
Chapter 2: The Discovery of Childhood, and Conclusion - The two concepts of
childhood. 2. Harris, M. and Butterworth, G. (2002). Developmental Psychology:
a student‘s handbook. New York: Taylor & Francis. Chapter 1: A Brief History
of Developmental Psychology.

Advanced readings

Kakkar, S. (1978). Indian Childhood: Cultural Ideas, And Social Reality. New
Delhi: Oxford.
Nambissan, G. (2010). Exclusion and Discrimination in Schools: Experiences of
Dalit Children; Working paper series Volume 01, Number 01, Indian Institute of
Dalit Studies and UNICEF.
Kakkar S. (1991). The Inner World: A Psycho-analytic study of childhood and
society in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Sandra, L. Bem (1987). Gender Schema Theory and its Implications for Child
Development: raising gender a schematic children in a gender schematic society,
in M.R. Walsh, (ed). The Psychology of Women. Harvard University Press
Cambridge, 206-226.
Weiner, M. (1991). The State and the Child in India: Child Labour and Education
Policy in Comparative Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

13
CC 2. Education in India- Status, Problems and Issues
Objectives:
To develop perception of the role and functions of a teacher as envisaged in
the NPE 1986 and to familiarize the Student Teacher with the different
projects and schemes at Secondary level in M.P.
To develop an understanding of the brief historical background of Indian
Education with special reference to Secondary Education.
To develop an understanding of the objectives and scope of Secondary Education.
To develop an awareness of the professional ethics.

CONTENT

UNIT 1: Concept of Education –

Indian and Western. Aims of Education; Functions of Education.
Education as an instrument of Social Control, Social Change,
Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Values.
School and the society, Culture and Education, School as a Social System.
Agencies of Education – Informal, Formal and Non-formal .

UNIT 2: Salient Features of Ancient Indian Education –

Vedic, Buddhist, Islamic Tradition in Education.

Major landmarks of British System of Education in Colonial India particularly
from the viewpoint of Aims, Structure, Curricula and Methods of Education.
Efforts towards evolving a national system of Education with respect to
vivekanand,Tagore,Gandhi ,J.Krishnamurti ,GijuBhai& Modern View.

Unit -3: Secondary Education

General Aims and Objectives of Secondary Education and Structure., Education
during Post Independence Period. Constitutional provisions for education,
Secondary Education commission 1952-53, Education Commission 1964-66,
New Education Policy 1986 withProgramme of Action 1992,
Different streams of Secondary Education 1) C.B.S.E. 2) I.C.S.E. and 3)
MPSBEwith respect to curriculum.4) Examination System etc.,
14
 Secondary School Teacher – Qualifications, Competences, Job Profile,
Professional Code of Ethical conduct.
Role of Secondary school teacher in Emerging India.

Unit - 4: Teacher Education and Secondary School Curriculum

Status, Aims and Objectives of Teacher Education in India.

Role and Resposibilities of NCTE , NCERT, SCERT, DIET,CTE, IASE
Professional organisation in the field of Teacher education
RastriyaMadhyamikaShikshanaAbiyana (RMSA), NCF-2005,NCFTE -09
Programmes for enhancing efficiency and productivity of school teachers- In-
service training – orientation and content enrichment programmes.

Assignments: (Any two of the following.)

Prepare and execute a plan for making at least two children and one
adult literate from the community.
Plan and organize a field trip/excursion to a nearby area of
educational important and submit a report.
Visit to block or district and divisional educational offices and study their
educational management pattern and submit the report.
Prepare one project for institutional planning.
Critically Study the working of the one of the parent teacher association
in any two secondary schools.
A critical survey of co-curricular activities in secondary schools.
Reference:

 Anand C. L. et al., (1993) Teacher and Education in the emerging Indian society

NCERT New Delhi.

 Coombs Philips H (1985) The World Crisis in Education. New York. Oxford University
Press, New York 
 Delors, Jaeques (1996) Learning the Treasure within Report to UNESCO of theInternal
Commission on Education for Twenty First Century UNESCO.

 Dewey I (1952) Experience in Education, Collier Macmillan. 

 Dewey S (1956) Democracy in Education New York: Macmillan. 

 Gandhi M. K. (1956) Basic Education, Ahmedabad Nalijiban. 

 Government of India (1952) Report of the Secondary Education Commission, New
Delhi:- Ministry of Education. 
 Government of India (1966) Report of Education Commission Ministry of Education,
15
 New Delhi. 

 Government of India MHRD (1986) (Revised 1992) National Policy of Education. New
Delhi. 
 Government of India (1992) Report of Core Group on Value Orientation of
EducationPlanning Commission.

 Kneller G. F. (1978) Foundation of Education. New York: Johri Willy and Sons. 

 Kneller George (1978) Introduction to Philosophy of Education, New York: John Willey
and Sons INC. 

 Mani R S. (1964) Educational Ideas and Ideals of Gandhi and Tagore, New Book
Society, New Delhi. 

 Mathur S.S. (1988) A Sociological Approach to Indian Education, Agra.
VindoPrakashan. 
 Mookherjee K.K. (1972) Some Great Educators of the World. Fas Gupta &Ce Put Ltd.
Calcutta. 

 Mukherjee S. N. (1966) History of Education in India, Baroda. Acharya Book Depot. 

 Naik J. P. and Syed N (1974) A Student’s History of Education in India, New Delhi.
Macmillan Co. 

 Naik J. P. (1975) Equality, Quality & Quantity: The ElusiueTringle of IndianEducation
Bombay : Allied Publishers.
 NCTE (1988) Gandhi on Education , New Delhi 

 Salamaliha(1979) Education in Social Context. New Delhi. NCERT. 

16
 CC 3. Language across the curriculum – Part 1
Objectives
Aim of the Course Language is the medium for comprehending ideas, for
reflection and thinking, as well as for expression and communication.
Enhancing one's facility in the language of instruction is thus a vital need of
student- teachers, irrespective of the subject areas that they are going to teach.
This course is visualized as a range of primarily text-based language activities,
which will aid in strengthening the ability to 'read', 'think', ‗discuss and
communicate' as well as to 'write' in the language of instruction.
It is likely that student teachers will begin the programme with different levels of
language ability; hence group work that supports different levels of learning is
envisaged as a central feature of this course.

Course outline

UNIT 1: ENGAGING WITH NARRATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNTS

The selected texts could include stories or chapters from fiction, dramatic
incidents, vivid descriptive accounts, or even well-produced comic strip stories.
Suggested Activities
Reading for comprehending and visualizing the account (individual plus group
reading and discussion/explanation)
Re-telling the account – in one's own words/from different points of view (taking
turns in a smaller group)
Narrating/describing a related account from one's life experience (in front of a
smaller group)
Discussion of characters and situations – sharing interpretations and points of view
(in a smaller group)
Writing based on the text, e.g. summary of a scene, extrapolation of story,
converting a situation into a dialogue, etc. (individual task).

UNIT 2: ENGAGING WITH POPULAR SUBJECT-BASED EXPOSITORY

WRITING
The selected texts could include articles, biographical writing, or extracts from
popular non-fiction writing, with themes that are drawn from thesubject areas of
the student teachers (various sciences, mathematics, history, geography,
literature/language pieces) For this Unit, the student-teachers should work in
groups divided according to their subjects, within which different texts could be
17
 read by different pairs of student-teachers.

Suggested Activities
Reading to extract overall meaning, information, subject knowledge (guided
reading in pairs and simple note making)
Identifying major concepts and ideas involved and making notes on these in some
schematic form – flow diagram, tree diagram, mind map, etc. (guided working in
pairs)
Explaining the gist of the text/topic to others (in the larger subject group)
Attending the writing style, subject-specific vocabulary and 'perspective' or
'reference frame' in which different topics are presented—this will vary across
subjects and texts, and requires some interpretative skills for 'placing' the context
of each text (group discussion and sharing)
Writing a review or a summary of the text, with comments and opinions
(individual task)

UNIT 3: ENGAGING WITH JOURNALISTIC WRITING

The selected texts would include newspaper or magazine articles on topics of

contemporary interest. Student-teachers can be grouped randomly for this Unit.

Suggested Activities

Using reading strategies, such as scanning, skimming and reading for extracting
information – as appropriate for initial reading of articles (guided individual task)
Analysis of structure of the article, identifying sub-headings, key words,
sequencing of ideas, use of concrete details, illustrations and/or statistical
representations, etc. (guided working in pairs)
Critical reading for attending 'framing' of the article, point(s) of view presented,
possible biases or slants (small group discussion)
Researching and writing articles on topics of local interest (working to produce a
local interest magazine).

References :

1. Bose, R. B. N. & Sterling, T. S. : Elements of English Rhetoric and Prosody;

Chakraborty, Chatterjee Co. Ltd. Calcutta, Latest Edition.

2. Bright, J. A. & McGregor, G. P.; Teaching English as a Second Language, ELBS &
Longman, London, 1978.

3. Brumfit, C. J. & Johnson, K.; The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching,

OUP, Oxford, 1979. 4. Heaton, J. B. : Language Testing, Modern English Publication
Ltd., Great Britain, 1982.

18
5.Hornby, A. S. : Oxford Advanced Learner‘s Dictionary of Current English, OUP,
Oxford, Latest Edition.

6. Johnson, J.; The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching, OUP, Oxford,

1979.

7. Johnson, K. : Communicative Syllabus Design and Methodology, Pergamum Press,

Oxford, 1982.

8. Jones, D. : English Pronouncing Dictionary, ELBS, London, Latest Edition.

9. Kemp, et al.; Designing Effective Instruction, Macmillan College Publishing

Company, 1994.

10. Krashen, S.; Second Language, Acquisition and Second Langu., Learning,
Pergamum Press, New York, 1979.

Suggested Reading:

Agnihotri, R.K., Khanna, AL, 1994(Eds). Second Language Acquisition: Socio-Cultural

andLinguistic Aspects of English in India(RALI), New Delhi, Sage Publication

Baruah, T.C. 1984, The English Teachers Handbook, New Delhi, Sterling Publishers.

Bansal, R.K. and Harrison, J.B., 1972: Spoken English in India, Madras, Orient
Longman

Brown, J.D. 1996: Testing in Language Programmes, Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice
HallRegents

Chomsky, N. 1986. Knowledge of Language, New York ,Praeger

Crystal David, 1997. Globalization of English, Cambridge; Cambridge University Press

Ellis, R. 1992, The Study of Second Acquisition, Oxford, Oxford University Press

Khulchandani, L.M. 1988: Language in a plural society, Delhi, MotiramBanarasidas and

Shimla

Lewis.M. 1993, The Lexical Approach: The State of ELT and a way Forward, Hove:
LanguageTeaching Publications.

Lock, G. 1996. Functional English Grammar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Mohanty, Bilingualism in a Multilingual Society: Psycho Social and Pedagogical

Implication,Mysore:CIIL

19
Nagaraj, Geeta:2001 : English Language Teaching, Orient Longman Limited, Kolkata

NCERT, 2000, Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, New Delhi

NCERT, 2005. National Curriculum Framework, 2005, New Delhi

Nuna, D. 1991, Language Teaching Methodology, London Prentice Hall

Richards, J.C, and Rodgers, T.S. 1986, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching,
Universityof Hawaii, Maroo: Cambridge University Press

Vygotsky, L.S. (1978), Mind in Society, Harvard University Press: Cambridge.

Widdowson, H.G. 1992, Aspects of Language Teaching, Oxford University Press

20
 CC 4. Curriculum Development & School
OBJECTIVES: CREDITS: 3
To acquaint students with the nature and types of curriculum.

To acquaint students with the context of curriculum development and some

Innovative Curriculum Models.
To familiarize students with Designing of Curriculum.

To give practical experience in Evaluating, Designing and Reviewing

Curriculum.
CONTENT:
UNIT I:
Curriculum – Meaning and Nature, types of Curriculum, Syllabus
and Text books –their interrelationship. Issues and problems of existing
curriculum.

UNIT II:
Curriculum Construction, Curriculum Development and Curriculum Designing:
Concepts and differences. Determinants and motives of Curriculum
Development. Different Curriculum Models-open university, Open School, etc.

UNIT III:
Steps of Designing different Curriculum. Selection, Gradation and Organisation
of Curriculum. Development and Implementation of Curriculum. Enrichment of
Curriculum.
UNIT IV: PRACTICALS
Evaluation of Curriculum

Designing a Curriculum in a given condition

Reviewing of Syllabus/Books
REFERENCES

21
Ashcroft, Kate and Palacio, David: The Primary Teacher‘s Guide to the New
National Curriculum. London: Flamer Press, 1995.

Doll, Ronald C.: Curriculum Improvement – Decision Making and Process.

London; Allyn and Bacon, 1996.

Eccles tone, Kathryn: How to Assess the Vocational Curriculum. London:

Kogan Page Ltd. 1996.

Hendricks, Joanne: Total Learning Developmental Curriculum for the

Young Child. New York: Maxwell McMillan International, 1994.

Hooper, R.: The Curriculum Context, Design and Development. The

Chaucer Press Ltd., Great Britain, 1977.
Kaushik, S.L.: ShikshakramVikas. Rajasthan Granth Academy. Jaipur, 1977.

Kelly, A.V.: The Curriculum – Theory and Practices. Harper and Row
Publishers, London, 1982.

Kerr, J.E. (Ed.): Changing the Curriculum. University of London Press Ltd.,
London, 1970.

Lawton, D.: Class, Culture and the Curriculum. Rouletdge and Kegan Paul Ltd.,
London, 1975.
Lowy, A. (Ed.): Handbook of Curriculum Evaluation. International
Institute for Educational Planning, New York, 1977.

Lowy, A.: The International Encyclopaedia of Curriculum. New York:

Pergamum Press, 1991.

Mamidi, M.R. and Ravishankar: Curriculum Development and Educational

Technology, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1983.

Nichols, S.H. and Nichols, A.: Developing Curriculum. George Allen and
Unwin, Boston, London, 1976.

Oriosky, D.E. and Smith, B.D.: Curriculum Development – Issues and

Insights. Rand McNally College Publishing Company, USA, 1976.

Prasad, Janardan&Kaushik, V.K. Advanced Curriculum Construction. New

Delhi: Kanishka Publishers, 1997.
Richmond, K.W.: The School Curriculum. Methuen and Co. Ltd., London.
1973.
22
 Saylor, J.G. and Alexander, W.H.: Curriculum, Planning for Modern
Schools. London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1966.

Wiles, Jon. &Bondi, Joseph C.: Curriculum Development –A Guide to

Practice. London: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1984.

PRACTICAL

EPC 1 READING AND REFLECTING ON TEXTS

OBJECTIVES

To enable the students to read and response to a Varity of text in different ways
To develop Meta cognitive awareness
To enhance the capacities as readers and writers by becoming participants in the
process of reading
To enable the student teachers to work on the field and make predictions and
check their predictions and then to summarize.

UNIT I Reading Skills

Creating environment for reading – reading clubs, class libraries

Reading aloud and silent reading
Scaffolding: concept and activities
Reading different texts types like stories, poems, riddles, jokes, and instructions
for games

UNIT II Reading with comprehension

Reading for global and local comprehension

Inferences, analysis and extrapolation
Reading strategies including word-attack strategies
Discourse analysis
Using reading as a tool for reference skills i.e. use of dictionary, encyclopaedia
and internet
Using ideas of critical literacy to analyse chapters from textbooks .
Acquisition of Reading Skills

UNIT III Types of text

Narrative text
Expository
23
 Autobiographical Narratives
Field Notes
Ethnographies
Addressing different types of skills and strategies

Mode of Transaction

• Participating in tasks and activities to improve proficiency in the receptive and

productive skills of English.

• Text analysis of school textbooks to improve skills in critical literacy.

• Reflecting on one‟ s own learning to make connections with pedagogy.

Essential Readings

1. Lightbown, P. M &Spada, N. (1999). How Languages are Learned Oxford: Oxford

University Press

2. Maley, A. & Duff, A. (1991). Drama techniques in language learning: A resource

book of communication activities for language teachers (2nd ed.). Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.

3. Morgan, J. &Rinvolucri, M. (1983). Once upon a time: Using stories in the language
classroom. Cambridge:.Cambridge University Press.

4. Wright, A. (1989). Pictures for Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Advanced Readings

1. Parrot M. (1993). Tasks for language teachers Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press

2. Richards, J. & Lockhart, C. (1994). Reflective Teaching in Second Language

Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

3. Slatterly, M. & Willis, J. (2001). English for primary teachers: A handbook of

activities & classroom language. Oxford: Oxford University Press

24
 VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA, UJJAIN
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.) 2 Year
SYLLABUS

Second Semester
CC 1: Learning & Teaching
Aims of the Course
To become aware of different contexts of learning and situate schoolsas a special
environment for learning;
To reflect on their own implicit understanding of the nature and kindsof learning;
Gain an understanding of different theoretical perspectives on learningwith a
focus on cognitive views of learning as well as social–constructivist theories;
Explore the possibilities of an understanding of processes in humancognition and
meaning–making them as basis for designing learningenvironments and
experiences at school; and
Appreciate the critical role of learner‘s based on differences and contextsin
making meanings, and Educationalimplications .

UNIT 1: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON LEARNING

Implicit knowledge and beliefs about learning (demystifyingmisconceptions).
Perspectives on human learning: Behaviourist (conditioningparadigm in brief),
cognitivist, information-processing view,humanist, social-constructivist (drawing
selectively on the ideas ofSkinner, Piaget, Rogers, Vygotsky).
Concepts and principles of each perspective and theirapplicability in different
learning situations.

UNIT 2: ROLE OF LEARNER IN LEARNING

Role of learner in various learning situations, as seen indifferent theoretical

perspectives
Role of teacher in teaching-learning situations: a) transmitterof knowledge, b)
model, c) facilitator, d) negotiator, e) co-learner.(The focus is on building
understanding of differentpsychological perspectives of learning and helping
studentteachersto learn to apply them in different learning situations).

25
 Distinctions between learning as 'construction of knowledge' andlearning as
'transmission and reception of knowledge'.

UNIT 3: LEARNING IN 'CONSTRUCTIVIST' PERSPECTIVE

Social-constructivist perspective (also Bruner and Ausubel'sperspective) and

applications of Vygotky's ideas in teaching.
Understanding processes that facilitate 'construction of knowledge' :
(i) Experiential learning and reflection
(ii) Social mediation
(iii) Cognitive negotiability
(iv) Situated learning and cognitive apprenticeship
(v) Meta-cognition.
Creating facilitative learning environments, teachers' attitudes,expectations –
enhancing motivation, positive emotions, self-efficacy,collaborative and self
regulated learning.(The focus is on learning as a constructive rather than a
reproductiveprocess. The learner- centered orientation has implications
forunderstanding learning as contextual and self-regulated processand following
suitable classroom practices).

UNIT 4: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AMONG LEARNERS

Dimensions of differences in psychological attributes—cognitiveabilities,
interest, aptitude, creativity, personality, values.
Understanding learners from multiple intelligences perspective witha focus on
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Implicationsfor teaching-learning in
the light of changing concept of intelligence,including emotional intelligence.
Differences in learners based on predominant 'learning styles'.
Differences in learners based on socio-cultural contexts: Impact ofhome
languages of learners' and language of instruction, impact ofdifferential 'cultural
capital' of learners.
Understanding differences based on a range of cognitive abilities—learning
difficulties, slow learners and dyslexics, intellectualdeficiency, intellectual
giftedness. Implications for catering toindividual variations in view of
‗difference‘ rather than ‗deficit‘perspective.(The focus is on understanding the
differential learning needs ofthe learners with regard to abilities, learning styles,
language, socio-culturaldifferences/disadvantage, learning difficulties, and their
implicationsfor classroom practices and teaching)

References
 Aggarwal, J.C. Essential of Educational Psychology, Vikas Publishers, Delhi, 1998 

 Aggarwal, J.C. Essential of Educational Psychology, Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi, 1994. 
 Bhargava, Mahesh, Introduction of Exceptional Children, Sterling Publishers, New

26
 Delhi, 1994. 

 Bhatia, H.R., A Text Book of Educational Psychology, Delhi: McMillan Co., New 
Delhi, 1977 
 Bhatia, K.K. Educational Psychology and Techniques for Teaching, Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana, 1994. 

 Chauhan, S.S. Advanced Educational Psychology, Vikas Publishing New Delhi, 1996 

 Dandapani, S., Advanced Educational Psychology. New Delhi. Anmol Publications Pvt.
Ltd., 2000 

 DeCecco, John P., Psychology of Learning and Instruction, Prentice Hall, New Delhi,
1987. 
 Drescoll, Mercy P.M Psychology of Learning for Instruction, Allyn and Bacons, USA,
1993 

 Eshwar, H.S. and Nataraj P., ShaikshanikaManovijnana, Parichaya: Bhaga I and
II,Institute of Kannada Studies, Union of Mysore, Mysore, 1985

th
 Gagne, R.M. Conditions of Learning and Theory of Instruction, 4 Edition, Holt
Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1977 
 Ghangadharappa, N.R. ShaikshanikaManovijnana, RekhaPradhsna, Davengere, 1996 

 Goleman, Daniel, Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam, 1995 

 GovindaRao., A.V. ShikshandalliManovijnana, VidyanidhiPradshana, Gadaga, 1996 

 Kar, Chintamani, Exceptional Children, Sterling Publishers, New Delhi, 1992 

 Kundu, C.L. and Tutoo, D.N., Educational Psychology, Sterling Publishers, New Delhi,
1980. 
 Kundu, V.L and Totoo, D.N., Educational Psychology, Sterling Publishers, New Delhi. 

th
 Lingren, H.C., Educational Psychology in the Classroom, 6 Ed., Oxford University
Press, New Delhi, 1980 
 Mangal, S.K. Advanced Educational Psychology, Prentice Hall of India. Pvt. Ltd., 1999 

th
 Mathur, S.S., Educational Psychology, 9 Ed., VinodPustakMandir, Agra, 1981 

 Raul, Lizy T., (1998) Educational Psychology, CMC Mary Matha, Kerala. 

 Sharma, R.N. Educational Psychology and Guidance, Vikas Publishers, New Delhi, 1998 


 Shivashankara H.V. and Basakumar P., ShaikshanikaManovijnana,
HanjiPrakashanaDavangere, 1977 
th
 Skinner, C.E. (Ed) Educational Psychology, 4 Ed., Prentice Hall of India Pvt., Ltd., New
Delhi, 1996 

27
 Walia, J.S. Foundation of Educational Psychology, Paul Publishers, Jalandhar, 2001. 

 Walia, J.S. Foundations of Educational Psychology, Paul Publishers Jalandhar, Punjab, 1999 

 Yelon, S.L. and Weinstein, G.W., A Teacher’s World: Psychology in the Classroom,
McGraw Hill Co., Tokyo, 1977.

CC 2. Pedagogy of a School Subject – Part 1

Hindi (A)
Objectives :Upon completion of the course, the student-teachers will be able to:

1. Appreciate the importance of teaching Hindi as a second / third Language.

2. Help the Students to understand the aims and objectives of teaching Hindi.
3. Help pupils to acquire basic skills of language teaching, Aims/Objectives.
4. Know the different methods of teaching .
5. Prepare a lesson notes and teach accordingly.
6. Appreciate and use of modern educational media.

Unit 1: Perspectives of Hindi Language, Aims and Objectives of Teaching Hindi

Meaning and concept of language.
Nature and importance of language
Three language formula and Hindi
Place of Hindi in the Secondary School Curriculum of M.P.
Present position of Hindi in India
a. In the constitution
b. In the life of Indian people
Aims of teaching Hindi as a second / third language.
Functional aims of Hindi Teaching.
Cultural Aims of Hindi Teaching. National and International Aims of Hindi
Teaching.
Instructional objectives with practical -- Theoretical background Writing of
instructional objectives of Hindi Teaching
Modification of Objectives in terms of behavioural changes.

28
Unit 2 : Planning Lessons, Resource Units, Unit Plan, Drill Lessons
Planning of prose, poetry and Grammar lessons.
Processing of lesson notes and micro lesson plans.
Meaning and importance of a Unit plan and administration.
Resource Units – Use and implications.
Plan and process of lessons in Practice teaching.

Unit 3: Language Skills

Development of language skills- listening objectives and importance – activities
for its development
Speaking – Objectives – activities for its development – role of learning by
heart, role-play, extempore and prepared speeches, debates, languages games,
substitution table need for correct pronunciation – Remedial Measures
Reading – Objectives – Types of reading silent and loud, intensive –
methods of teaching reading
Writing – Objectives – Characteristics of handwriting – dictation
Composition – Objectives – Types - Oral, written and picture composition –
Free and guided composition, Translation – Objectives- Importance‘s –
Characteristics of good translation

Unit 4 :Curriculum Design

Principles of Curriculum construction of Hindi
Curriculum Design in Hindi - Subject centered – Learner Centered – Problem
centered.
Transaction of curriculum / Co-curricular ,Extra curricular activities
pertaining to teaching and learning.
Curriculum of prose – poetry and composition. Prose – Ancient / Medieval /
Modern prose versions. Poetry – Bhakti period – Ritti period – Modern period.
Composition – Exercises , Assignments and remedial teaching activities and

Grammar – Translations
Curriculum development and evaluation.

Seminar Topics (any one)

29
 a) Preparing scheme of assessment
b) A study of an author / poet.
c) Developing Linguistics Skills.
d) System our examination.
e) Importance of teaching materials for effective teaching.

Practicum
a) Review of Books – 8, 9 standard school text books.
b) Resource Unit Uses.
c) Unit plan processing.
d) A study of an Author / Poet.
e) Developing Linguistics Skills.

Assignments (any one)

1. Solving grammar exercise of 8th and 9th Standard Text books of second
language Hindi/Third Language. Hindi
2. Preparing crossword puzzles on technical terms, difficult terms of prescribed
Hindi Text Books.
3. Construction of substitution – tables on the concerned texts
4. Report on constitutional provisions – provided to Hindi and the implication.

(Note: Records should be maintained).

References

 Bhai.Y (1978) Hindi Bhasashikshan. VinodPustakMandir Agra. 


 BhasaVishesshank Patrick (1980) Department of Education, Rajasthan , Bikaner

 Chaturvedi, V.S. (1999) Adhapan Kala. Varanasi: GgopinathBhargavNandKishor
and Sons. 
 Jha, L. (1940) BhashaShikshanPaddhbati. Allahabad: N.G. Saigal. U.P Press. 

 John, D. (1953) The Study of Language. Harward University Press. 

 Keshav Prasad (1984) Hindi Shikshan. Delhi; Dhanapatrai and Sons 

 Kothari Commission Report (1968) Govt. of India, New Delhi

 Narang and Bhatia (1987) – Hindi–ShikshanVidhi..Ludhiana :Prakash Brothers. 

 NirajkumarSinha (1990) Madhyamik–Vidyalayome Hindi Shiksha. Jaipur:
Hindi Grantha Academy. 

 Robert. L. (1964) Language Teaching: A Teacher’s Book. New York:
30
 Megrewttill. 

 Ryburu, W.M. (1950) The Teaching of the Mother Tongue. Madras: Oxford
University Press. 

 Sattigeri, K.I (1997) Nutan Hindi Shikshan. Belgaum: VijayaSattigeri. 

 Srivastava, B.D. (1968) The Structural Approach to the Teaching of English.

Agsa: Ram Prasad and Sons. 

 Sugandhi, Deepak (2004) Hindi ShikhaPranali .Ilkal :NehaPrakshan. Karnataka 

 Sugandhi, V. (2003) Hindi Adhayapan. Kolhapur, Creative Publishers. 

 SyandhyaMukarji (1989) Hindi BhashaShikshan.Lucknow: Prakshan Kendra.
Uttar Pradesh. 

English(B)
Objecti
ves: upon completion of the course the student teacher will be able to:

1. To master the different techniques, devices of the Second language structure,

sounds and vocabulary.
2. To understand the status of English language.
3. To distinguish between different approaches and methods of teaching English and
their use in the classroom.
4. Acquire the basic skills of language learning.
5. Plan and execute of different types of lessons in prose, poetry according to
classroom situations.
6. To appreciate the importance and use of suitable audio -visual aids in class room
situations.
7. To know the principles of curriculum construction.
8. To prepare and use appropriate tools of evaluation to measure the linguistic
abilities of the pupils.
9. To realize his/her responsibilities as language teacher and pursue towards the
aims of professional growth.
10. To guide the students to use the language correctly.

Unit 1 : Nature of English Language

31
 1.1 Language its nature and structure - Meaning of language, Functions of language -
Informative, expressive and Directive Linguistic Principles.
1.2 Structure of English Language - phonological, morphological, Syntactic,
Semantic and graphic ( a brief explanation of the concepts )

Unit 2 : Aims and Objectives of Teaching English

2.1 Aims and objectives of teaching English at the Secondary School level as first and
second language.
2.2 English as a library language, link language and international language.
2.3 Position of English in India before and after Independence - The three language
formula its meaning and scope.
Unit 3 : Instructional design of Teaching English Language
3.1 Teaching of Prose - detailed and non-detailed Objectives - Methods and
Approaches steps in lesson planning.
3.2 Teaching of poetry - Objectives - Methods and Approaches - Steps in lesson
planning.
3.3 Teaching of Grammar - Objectives - Formal and Functional -Methods of teaching
grammar.
3.4 Use of mother tongue in teaching of English, different occasions for its effective
use
3.5 Preparation of Unit plan, Resource Unit.

Units 4 : Methods, Approaches to Develop English Language Skills

Psychological principles of learning English as a foreign language. Methods and
approaches of Teaching English
a. Grammar Translation Method.
b. Direct Method
c. Bilingual method.
d. Structural approach- Dr. WEST method
e. Communicative approach.
4.1 Development of language skills - listening objectives and importance - activities
for its development.
4.2 Speaking - Objectives - Activities for its development , role of learning by heart,
role-play, extempore and prepared speeches, debates, language games,
substitution table need for correct pronunciation, defects in pronunciation -
Remedial Measures.
4.3 Reading - Objectives - Types of reading - silent and a loud, intensive - methods of
teaching reading.
32
 4.4 Writing - Objectives - Characteristics of handwriting - dictation.
Composition - Objectives - Types (oral, written and picture composition) Free and
guided composition Translation - Objectives– Importance - Characteristics of good
translation.

Reference

 Ahuja R.L. (2000) Teaching of English as a Foreign Language - Indian Press

Publications Allahabad. 

 Allan C, R (1971) Teaching English as a Second Language. New-Delhi.
McGrawhill. 

 Allen H.B. and Compell P.N.(1979) Readings in Teaching English as a
SecondLanguage 

 Baruah T.C. (1984) The English Teachers Handbook. Sterling Publishers. 

 Billows: F.L. (1961) The Techniques of Language Teaching : London,
Longman. 

 Bright J. A. and McGregor C.P. (1970) Teaching English as Second
Language. London, Eases,.

 Gordon B.S. (1960): The Teaching of English in Free India, Madras: Christian
Literature Society. 

 Hornby A.S. The Advance Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Language. 

 Hudeson, N. and McAdem, B. (2000) English without Errors, London. 

 Kohli A. L. (1984) Techniques of Teaching English, 9th Edition: Delhi,
DhanpalRai and Sons, Pvt. Ltd. 

 Menon and Patel (1957) Teaching English as a Foreign Language, Baroda
Acharya Book Depot. 

 Sachdeva M.S. (1976): A New Approach to Teaching English in Free India.
Ludiana Publications. 

Sanskrit(C)
Objectiv
es - Upon completion of the course the student-teacher will be able to:

1. Understand the importance of Sanskrit language and its contribution to Indian

culture and emotional integration.
2. Understand the aims and objectives of teaching Sanskrit and state them in the

33
 form of specific behavioural changes.
3. Prepare objective based lesson plans and implement them.
4. Understand the basic skills of language learning.
5. Understand the principles of curriculum construction in Sanskrit.
6. Understand the different methods of teaching Sanskrit and use them in his
practice teaching lessons.
7. Understand the importance of appropriate instructional material and use them
in his practice teaching lessons.
8. Understand the importance of Language Laboratory.
9. Understand the importance of Evaluation, prepare and use different tools of
Evaluation in language learning.
10. Understand the importance of co-curricular activities in language learning.
11. Imbibe the special qualities of Sanskrit teacher.

Unit 1 : Sanskrit Language – Nature and Importance

Importance of Sanskrit language
Contributions of Sanskrit to other Indian Languages to Indian culture and tradition
and
to emotional integration

Unit 2 : Place of Sanskrit in the Secondary School Curriculum

Aims & Objectives of teaching Sanskrit with reference to three language formula.
Instructional Objectives - Specifications of each objective in the form of specific
behavioural changes.

Unit 3 : Lesson Plan in Sanskrit Language

Planning lesson plans in prose, poetry, grammar and composition.
Unit plan : importance, characteristics, format
Resource unit: importance, characteristics, format
Micro lesson plan: importance, format, practice

Unit 4 : Development of Language Skills, Curriculum Design

Listening: importance, activities for its development.
Speaking: importance, characteristics of good speaking, activities for its
development.

Reading: mechanics of reading, objectives, different kinds of reading –

silent reading and loud reading.
34
 Writing: importance of good handwriting - specialties of the Devanagari
script, causes of spelling mistakes, remedial measures.

Principles of curriculum construction of Sanskrit.

Curriculum design in Sanskrit: subject centered, learner centered,
problem centered.
Transaction of curricular/ co-curricular activities.
Curriculum development and evaluation.

************
Reference
 Apte.D.G. (2000) Teaching of Sanskrit.Bombay : Padma Publications. 

 Shanbhag D.N. (2002) Subhoda Sanskrit Vyakarana.Dharwad:Bharat Book
Depot & Publications. 

 Hulkerikar. G.S. (1998) The Problems of Sanskrit Teaching.Kolhapur : Bharat
Book Depot. 
 Narasimharao. K.V.V.L. (1997) Evaluation in Language Education. Mysore:
CIIL Publications. 

 Patnayak. P. (1997) Language Curriculum. Mysore: CIIL Publications. 

 RamashakalPandeya. (2000) Sanskrit Shikshan. Agra: PustakaMandir. 

 Ramavarmaraja . K. (2000) The Teaching of Sanskrit.Madras : Sanskrit
Education Society. 

35


URDU(D)

36
37
38
 Biological Science(E)
Objectives: - On completion of the course the student teacher will be able to :

1. Understand the nature, scope & importance of Biological Sciences and get acquainted
with ancient as well as modern developments in the field of Bio-Sciences.
2. Understand the Aims, Objectives of teaching Bio-Science and will be able to state the
objectives in behavioral terms
3. Acquaint with the Resources for teaching Biology & their effective Utilization.
4. Get exposed to Micro teaching and preparing Resource Unit, Unit Plan & Lesson Plans.

5. Understand the concept of curriculum, principles of curriculum construction and trends

curriculum revision
6. Be introduced to various methods, approaches & models of teaching Biological Science
and implement them in their teaching practice.
7. Understand and prepare the different types of test items for the Evaluation of students
performance in Biology.
8. Appreciate and inculcate the Competencies and commitments needed for a biological
Science Teacher.
9. Plan & execute various curricular & co-curricular activities related to teaching of Bio-
Science

CONTENT

Unit 1:1.1 Introduction to Teaching Biological Science

1.1.1 Biological Science: Meaning, Nature and Scope
1.1.2 Relationship between Biology & human welfare
1.1.3 Latest developments in the field of Biology
1.2 Co-curricular Activities and Resources in Teaching Biological Science
1.2.1 Bio Science laboratory - Need and importance, equipping, Bio-lab, Organizing the practical
Work
1.2.2 Project Activities: Aquarium, Viverium, Terrariums, Museum, School garden,
1.2.3 Preservation of specimen through plastination-Meaning, Importance and Steps.
1.2.4 Meaning, importance and Organization of Co-Curricular Activities
1.2.5 Bio-Science Club – organisation& its activities
1.2.6 Bio Science Exhibition
1.2.7 Field trips
1.2.8 Bio-Science Quiz
1.2.9 Nature Study
1.2.10 Bird watching
1.2.11 Collection & Preservation of Specimens-Plants and Animals

Unit 2: Aims and Objectives

2.1 2.1.1 Utilitarian, Cultural and Disciplinary Aims
Scientific Attitude and Training in Scientific Method
39
2.2 Instructional Objectives:
Bio - Science in Secondary schools:
2.2.1 As per NCERT Curriculum Framework-2000
2.2.2 As per NCTE Curriculum Framework
2.2.3 As per National Curriculum Framework-2009

2.3 Behavior Specifications of Instructional Objectives:

2.3.1 Knowledge
2.3.2 Understanding
2.3.3 Application
2.3.4 Skill

Unit 3: Approaches, Methods and Models of Teaching Biology

3.1 Approaches:
3.1.1 Structure and function Approach
3.1.2 Types specimen Approach
3.1.3 Inductive and Deductive Approach
3.2 Methods of Teaching
3.2.1 Guided Discovery Method
3.3 Models of Teaching:
3.3.1 Biological Science Enquiry Model (Joseph Schwab)

3.3.2 Memory Model (J. Lucas)

Unit 4: Instruction Design in Teaching Biological Science.

4.1 Pedagogical Analysis: Analysis of 8th, 9th and 10th Standard Biology Text book of
Karnataka State
4.2 Lesson Planning- Meaning, Importance and format according to active learning
strategies.
4.3 Unit Plan - Meaning, importance and steps
4.4 Resource Unit - Meaning, importance and components.

Assignments (any one)

1. Preparing power point slides for any selected unit in VIII or IX class Biology.
2. Preparing a set of (OHP) transparencies
3. Slides for a selected Unit in 10th Std. Biology.

Practicum:
1. Writing of Instructional objectives & behavioral specifications on a selected Unit.
2. Preparing improvised apparatus in Biology
3. Preparing a lesson Plan on any topic in Biology using any innovative Method / Model of
Teaching
4. Developing an Achievement test / Diagnostic test

40
References
 Buffaloe, N.D. Throneberry (1969) - Principles of Biology, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi. 

 Chikkara& Sharma (1989) Teaching of Biology, Prakash Bros. Ludhiyana. 
 Green T.L. (1965) - Teaching of Biology in Tropical Secondary Schools, Oxford
University Press, London. 
 Guddalli NM (1993) - VignanaBhoodane, Bharat Book Dept. Dharwad. 

 Mangal S.K., (1997) Teaching of Physical & Life Sciences Avg. Book Depot. New Delhi. 

Miller &Blaydes (1962) -Methods & Materials for teaching of BiologicalScience,

Tata Mc.Grahill Pub. Co - New Delhi.
 NarendraVaidya (1971) The Impact of Science Teaching, Oxford and IBH Pub.Co. New
Delhi. 

 NCERT (1982) Teaching of Science in Secondary Schools, New Delhi. 

 Patil S. S &Rakkasagi (1998) - JeevaVignanaBhoodane, VidyanidhiPrakashan, Gadag. 

 Sharma L.N. (1977) Teaching of Life Science, DhanpatRai& Sons, New Delhi. 
Sivashankar H.V., and Basavakumaiah, P. (1987) -
VignanaBhoodane,HanjiPrakashan, Davangere.
 Sood J.K. (1987) Teaching of Life Sciences, Kohli Pub. Chandighar. 

 Thurber &Colletta (1964) Teaching of Science in Today’s Secondary School,
Prentice Hall Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
UNESCO (1978) -New Source book of Science Teaching,Oxford& BH Pub. Co.
Ltd., New Delhi.
Yadav K. (1995)-Teaching of Life Sciences, Anmol Pub. New Delhi.

Mathematics(F)
Objectiv
es: Upon completion of this course student teachers will be able to-

1. Recall the meaning, nature and scope of mathematics.

2. Acquaint aims and objectives of teaching mathematics in Secondary school level.

3. Plan teaching in mathematics at micro and macro level.

4. Prepare unit plans, resource unit and organize lesson to meet at different class room

41
 situations.

5. Analyse and evaluate the curriculum of mathematics at Secondary school level.

6. Apply different approaches and methods of teaching mathematics in classroom

situations.

7. Prepare and use instructional materials in teaching mathematics.

8. Prepare different kinds of test and understand the comprehensive evaluation.

9. Participate and organize the different co-curricular activities in mathematics.

10. Understand the professional competencies, commitments and expectations of

mathematics teacher.

CONTENT

Unit 1: Meaning, Nature and Scope of Mathematics

1.1 Meaning of Mathematics
1.1.1. As a Science of Number
1.1.2. As a Science of Quantity
1.1.3. As a Science of Measurement
1.1.4. As a Science of Logical reasoning
1.2 Nature of Mathematics
1.3 Scope of Mathematics
1.2.1 Place of Mathematics in day today life activities
1.2.2 Mathematics use in day to day life activities
1.2.3 Relation with School subjects
1.2.4 Relation with other Disciplines – Engineering, Agriculture, Medicine

Unit 2: Aims and Objectives of Teaching Mathematics

2.1 Aims/Values of Teaching Mathematics
2.1.1 Meaning of Aim/Values
2.1.2 Utilitarian Aim/Values
2.1.3 Disciplinary Aim/Values
2.1.4 Cultural Aim/Values
2.1.5 Intellectual Aim/Values
2.1.6 Aesthetic and Recreational Aim/Values
2.2 Instructional objectives of Teaching Mathematics
2.2.1 Meaning of Instructional Objectives

42
 2.2.2 Instructional Objectives and there specifications of teaching mathematics
2.2.3 Knowledge
2.2.4 Understanding
2.2.5 Application
2.2.6 Skill
2.2.7 Attitude
2.2.8 Appreciation
2.2.9 Interest
2.2.10 Formulation and Statement of objectives in behavioural terms

Unit 3: Instructional Design in Mathematics and C0-curricular Activities in Mathematics :

3.1 Lesson Planning: Meaning ,Steps , Importance and Format of Lesson Plan
3.2 Unit Plan-Meaning ,Steps , Importance and Format of Lesson Plan
3.3 Resource Unit-Meaning, Steps, Importance and Format of Lesson Plan
3.4 Yearly Planning-Meaning, Principles and Format
3.5 Mathematics Club : Objectives of Maths club, organisation and activities
3.6 Mathematics Olympiads : objectives and importance
3.7 Mathematics Quiz : Organisation and importance
3.8 Mathematics Museum : Organisation and importance
3.9 Mathematics Fair : Organisation and importance
3.10Mathematics Laboratory : Objective, importance and uses
3.11Recreational activities in mathematics : Games, Puzzles, Riddles, etc.,
3.12Ethno Mathematics

Unit 4: Approaches, Methods and Techniques of Teaching Mathematics

4.1 Learner Centered Approach
4.1.1 Inductive method and Deductive method
4.1.2 Analytical method and Synthetic method
4.2 Activity Centered Approach
4.2.1 Guided discovery method and Problem Solving Method
4.2.2 Project Method and Discovery Learning Method
4.2.3 Active Learning Strategies
4.2.4 CAI in Teaching Mathematics
4.1 Concept Mapping-Meaning, Advantages and Disadvantages
4.4 Techniques of teaching Mathematics
4.4.1 Supervised study

43
 4.4.2 Oral work and written work
4.4.3 Drill and Review
4.4.4 Assignment in Maths
4.4.5 Home work

References
 Butler and Wren (1960) The Teaching of Secondary Mathematics, Tokyo; McGraw Hill
Book Company. 
 Henderson, K. et at (1975) Dynamics of Teaching Secondary Mathematics, London
Houghton Miffin. 
 Howard Eves, An Introduction to the History of Mathematics. 

 Jantli, R. T. (2000) SubodhaGanithaBodhane, VidhyanidhiPrakashan, Gadag. 

 Krulik and Weise (1975). Teaching Secondary School Mathematics. London W.B.
Saunders. 

 KuppuswamyAyyangar, N. (1988) The Teaching of Mathematics in New Education,

Bangalore. 

 Mangal, S. K. (1989) Teaching of mathematics. Ludhiana: Prakash Brothers Publishers. 

 Sidhu, K. S. Teaching of Mathematics, B‘lore Sterling Publishers. 

 Wren (1973). Basic Mathematical concepts, New York, McGraw Hill. 

Yadawad S. B. and Rabanal R.T., (2000) VishayadharitGanitBodhane, VidyanidhiPrakashan,
Gadag.

SOCIAL SCIENCE(G)
Objectives :-

Explore different ways of creating learning situations for different concepts of art
education.
Formulate meaningful inquiry episodes, problem-solving situations, investigatory
and discovery learning projects based on upper primary, secondary and senior
secondary stages.
Examine different pedagogical issues in learning art.
Construct appropriate assessment tools for evaluating learning of art.
Stimulate curiosity, inventiveness and creativity in art.
Develop ability to use art concepts for life skills: and develop competencies for
teaching, learning of art through different measures.
Introduce with Professional development programmes for teachers.

44
 Plan organization and report on various programmes of Professional development
of teachers.

Unit-I : Planning of Teaching-Learning

Instructional materials required for planning teaching-learning of art and learners‘

participation in developing them; identifying and designing teacher-learning
experiences; ICT applications in learning art. Generating discussion, involving
learners in teaching – learning process; encouraging learners to raise questions,
dialogue amongst her groups role of learners in negotiating and mediating
learning in art.
Development of low cost TLM with the help of school & community and its use
in classroom instruction.)

Unit -II: Learning Resources

Identification and use of learning resources in art exploring alternative sources;

Developing kit and laboratory; Planning and organizing field observation;
Textbooks, audio-visual materials, multimedia-selection. Use of ICT. Using
community resources in art education. Pooling of learning resources in school
complex/ block/district level.

Unit-III : Tools and Techniques of Assessment

Performance-based assessment; learners record of observations ;( field diary and

collection of materials) Oral presentation of learners work, construction of test
items and administration of tests; assessment of practical / experimental work.
CCE.
Preparation of performance based assessment record of learners on the basis of
activity observation (field diary, Practical diary, collection of materials, oral
presentation))

Unit-IV- Projects in Art

Projects in Art interconnections of social science with other disciplines: selection

of relevant problem, planning through group work, implementation & reporting.

Unit-V: Professional Development of Teachers

Professional competancies of subject teacher

45
 Professional development programmes for teachers; planning,
organization&1evaluation. Reflective & Innovative practices in professional
development of teachers.

Reference -

Bining and Bining : Teaching of Social Study.

Brantorm, F.K. : The Teaching of Social Study in changing
world.
Hamming, James : The teaching of Social Studies in secondary
school.
Wesley Edger Brose : Social Studies for school
Taneja, V.R. : Teaching of social studies.
Kochhar, S.K. : Teaching of social studies in hindi edition.
Rampal Sing : Social studies teaching

46
 CC3 Pedagogy of a School Subject part 2

GENERAL SCIENCE (A)

Objectives : -

Develop insight on the meaning and nature of General science for determining
aims and strategies of teaching- learning.
Appreciate that science is a dynamic and expanding body of knowledge.
Appreciate the fact that every child possesses curiosity about his/her natural
surroundings.
Identify and relate everyday experiences with learning of science.
Appreciate various approaches of teaching- learning of science.
Explore the process skill in science and role of laboratory in teaching- learning.
Use effectively different activities / experiments/ demonstrations / laboratory
experiences for teaching-learning of science.
Integrate the science knowledge with other school subjects.
Analyze the contents of science with respect to pots, branches, process skills,
knowledge organization and other critical issues.
Develop process-oriented objectives based on the content themes/units.
Identify the concepts of science that are alternatively conceptualized by teachers
and students in general.

Unit-I: Nature and Scope of General Science

Concept, Nature, Need & Importance of Science & Science Teaching.
Main discoveries and development of science (special reference to ancient India)
Science as a domain of enquiry, as a dynamic and expanding body of knowledge,
science as a process of constructing knowledge. Science as interdisciplinary area
of learning (Physics, chemistry, biology etc) science for environment, health,
peace & equity, science and society., Fact, concept, principles, laws and theories-
their characteristics in context of general science.
Unit-II: Teaching-learning of social science

Questioning; Collaborative strategies; games, simulations, dramatization, role

plays; Values clarification; problem-solving, Discussion, story-telling,project and
decision-making, use of media and technology, concept mapping.
Methods: Interactive verbal learning; experiential learning through activities,
experiments; Investigative field visits.
Planning, organizing and conducting of small community survey.

Unit-III: Teaching-learning of Genral Science

Principles of science and its applications consistent with the stages of cognitive
development of learners.
Pedagogical shift from science as fixed body of knowledge to constructing
knowledge, scientific method – observation, enquiry, hypothesis,
47
 experimentation, data collection, generalization (teacher-educator will illustrate
taking examples from different stage-specific content arras keeping in mind the
variation , e.g. structure and function, molecular aspects, interaction between
living and non-living, biodiversity, etc.): Communication in sciences.
Questioning; Collaborative strategies; simulations, Demonstration, lab Method,
Problem Solving, Heuristics Project Method, Inductive and deductive Method,
Heuristic, use of media and technology, concept mapping
Innovative methods of science teaching.

Unit-IV: ICT & Materials in Teaching-learning of General Science

Use of ICT: Video clips, Power points presentations, films etc.
Planning, preparation and presentation of Instructional Material.
Techniques: Using textbooks and atlas as a part of oral lessons, non-oral working
lessons; using medium and large scale maps; using pictures, photographs, satellite
imageries and aerial photographs; using audio-visual aids, CDs, multimedia and
internet; case study approach.
Planning , Organization and activity of science club.

Unit-V: Teaching-learning Resources in General Science

People as resource: the significance of oral data.
Types of primary and secondary sources: data from field, textual materials,
journals, magazines, newspapers, etc.
Using the library for secondary sources and reference material, such as
dictionaries and encyclopedias.
Various teaching aids , Audio-visuals & online resources.
Unit-VI: Assessment and Evaluation
Meaning, concept and construction of Achievement test, diagnostic and remedial
test.
Blue print: Meaning, concept, need and construction.
Open-book tests: Strengths and limitations
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) in Sciences.
Characteristics of Assessment in Sciences

References:-

Sharma, Dr.H.L. (1989), ―School Science Education in India‖,Published by

commonwealth Publishers 4378/4B, Ansari Road, MurariLal Street New Delhi-
110002
Sood, J.K. 1987, Teaching Life Sciences Kohli Publishers, Chandigarh.
Sharma, L.M. 1977, Teaching of Sviences& Life Sciences DhanpatRai& Sons,
Delhi,

48
 Kulsherstha, S.P. 1988, Teaching of Biology, Loyal Book Depot, Meerut.
Yadav.k 1993, Teaching of Life Sciences, Anmol Publishers, daryagaj, Delhi.
Yadav M.S. 2000, Modern Methods of Teaching Sciences Anmol Publisher
Delhi.
Singh U.K. & 2003, Science Education Common Wealth Publishers Darayaganj,
Nayab, A.K. New Delhi.
Venkataih.S 2001, Science Education in 21st Century Anmol Publishers, Delhi.
Yadav, M.S. (Ed.) 2000, Teaching Science at High Level Anmol Publishers,
Delhi.
Edger, Marlow &Rao D.B.2003,TeachingScioence Successfully, Discovery
Publishing House, New Delhi.

Chemistry (B)
Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student teacher will be able to:
1) Understand the nature, scope and importance of Physical science with special
reference to secondary school content.
2) Understand the aims and objectives of teaching Physical science.
3) State the specific behavioral changes under each objective.
4) Understand and make use of different approaches & methods of teaching Physical
science.
5) Prepare objective based lesson plans and use them in their internship.
6) Understand and employ several teaching techniques helpful to develop scientific
attitude and scientific method.
7) Plan, use and maintain the physical science laboratory systematically.
8) Understand the principles of text-book construction.
9) Understand the importance of appropriate instructional materials (hardwares and
softwares) in teaching Physical science and use them by preparing/selecting them
in their practice teaching.
10) Understand the importance of principles of curriculum construction in the
organisation of Physical science contact.
11) Get mastery in Physical science content and imbibe the special qualities of
Physical Science teacher.
12) Prepare and use different tools of evaluation to assess the achievements of
students in Physical Science.
13) Develop professionally by attending lectures of professional interest, reading
journals, and magazines and enroll as members of professional organisation.
14) Organise co-curricular activities in science i.e. seminars, field trips, exhibitions

49
 discussions etc through the science club.
15) Apply the knowledge of physical science to develop scientific thinking and
scientific out look.
16) Develop skills in analyzing the content in terms of concepts and in learning
experiences.

17) Construct and administer unit test, conduct experiments improves teaching aids.

CONTENT

Unit 1: Meaning, Nature and Impact of Chemistry

Concept of science - Science as process and science as a product;

Nature and Scope of Science

Impact of Science and Technology on modern living.
Scientific Attitude - Meaning definition and importance.
Qualities of a person who possesses scientific attitude.
Scientific Method-Meaning, importance and steps involved (with an illustration).
8 hours

Unit 2: Aims and Objectives of Teaching Physical Science

Aims of teaching Chemistry in Secondary school:
..1 Personal development aim,
..2 Learner‘s academic and process skills development aim,
..3 Disciplinary aim and
..4 Cultural aim.

Objectives of teaching Chemistry:

..1 Bases for formulation of objectives
2 Objectives of teaching Chemistry at Secondary level; (To be Discussed
keeping in view of the objectives of teaching Chemistry enunciated in the
chemistry syllabi of secondary school of M.P.);Instructional objectives of
teaching physical science and stating them in observable behavioral
changes ; i) Knowledge ii) Understanding, iii) Application, iv) Skill, v)
Attitude, vi) Interest, vii) Appreciation.
10 hours
Unit 3: Approaches and Methods of Teaching Physical Science
50
 Enquiry Approach -Meaning, Uses with Illustrations, Advantages and
disadvantages.

Inductive Approach-Meaning, Uses with Illustrations, Advantages and

disadvantages.

Deductive Approach-Meaning, Uses with Illustrations, Advantages and

disadvantages.

Problem Solving Approach- Meaning, Uses with Illustrations, Steps,

Advantages and disadvantages.
Demonstration Method- Meaning, uses, Advantages and disadvantages.

Lectures-Cum-Demonstration Method- Meaning, uses with Illustration,

Advantages and disadvantages.
Laboratory Method- Meaning, uses with Illustration, Advantages and
disadvantages.

Guided Discovery Method - Meaning, uses with Illustration, Advantages and

disadvantages.
Biographical Method-Meaning, uses with Illustration, Advantages and
disadvantages.

Individual Instruction Techniques and Active Learning Strategies.

Concept Mapping: Its use for summarizing a unit and evaluating students
understanding

Unit 4: Instructional Design, Resources and Teaching Aid for teaching Physical
Science:
Lesson Planning-Meaning, Steps, Importance and Format of Lesson Plan
according to active learning strategies.
Unit Plan-Meaning, Steps, Importance and Format of Lesson Plan
Resource Unit-Meaning, Steps, Importance and Format of Lesson Plan

Audio-Visual Aids (Preparation and Use)

I Charts;
ii Models;
iii OHP transparencies;
iv Filmstrips;
v slides;
vi Video tapes;
51
 vii Films;
viii Educational C.D.‘s
Mass Media –
i Television (T.V.);
ii Radio - Meaning and importance.
Community Resources and Self learning materials –
iii Meaning and importance.
Chemistry Laboratory-Planning,Equipments;
Importance ,, Safety measures & organizing of Laboratory;
Importance & organizing library;
Choice of book for library.

References

 Ahmed, Shaikti R. (1983) Management of Laboratory Science

Programme:Report of Orientation Programme in Educational Planning and
Administration, NewDelhi; NIEPA Mimeo. 

 Bhandula& Chand (1986) Teaching of Science, Prakash Brothers, Ludhina

 Bose, A. H. Sood, J.K. and Vaidya, N. (1970), Strategies in Science Education.
Regional Institute of Education, Ajmer. 

 Carin/SundTeaching Science Through Discovery; C.E. Merrill Publishing Co.
Londan. 

 Cleaveland J. M. (1964) Physical Science C.E. Merrill Publishing Co., Ohio. 

 Craig (1958) Science for the Elementary School Teacher; Ginn& Co., New York 

 Das R. C. (1985) Science Teaching in Schools, Sterling Publishers, Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi. 

 Fensham P. J. et. al.,(1994) The Content of Science : A Constructive Approach to
itsTeaching & Learning. The Falmer Press, Washington D.C.

 Gupta S. K. (1983) Technology of Science Education, Vikas Publishing House,
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 

 Gupta S. K. (1985) Physical Science Teaching in Secondary Schools, Sterling
Publishers, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 

 Jacobson, David et al., (1985) Methods for Teaching: A Skills Approach. Charles,
52
 E Merrill Publishing Co., Columbus. 
 Jennings Terry (1987) The Young Scientist Investigator : The Teacher Manual of
Oxford University Press. 

 Joseph-Bradwin, et al. (1998) ,Sourcebook for Physical Science. Brandwain-
Watson-Blackwood 

 Kalara R. M. (1981), Innovation in Science Teaching;Prakashan Kendra, Lucknow. 

 Kohli V. K. (2003) How to Teach Science (A Treatise on Methodology of Teaching
Physics and Chemistry) Viveka Publishers, Ambala. 

 Mangal, S.K. (1995); Teaching of Physical and Life Science, Avg. Book Depot. :
Delhi. 

 Nagel E. (1961) The Structure of Science, Harcourt Brace and World Inc., New York 

 Nair C. P.S., (1971) Teaching Science in Our Schools. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi. 

 Schwab J. J. and Bradwein P.F. (1962) The Teaching of Science, Marks, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge. 

 Sharma, R.C. (1995); Modern Science Teaching, DhanpatRai& Sons, Delhi .

 Siddiqi M.N. and Yadav R.A. (1995) Teaching of Science at Elementary Level,Part -
I& Part - II, Arya Book Depot : New Delhi.

 Siddiqi N. N. &Siddiqi M.N. (1994) Teaching of Science Today and
Tomorrow,Doaba House, Delhi - 110 006. 

 Sood S. K. (1988) New Direction in Science Teaching, Indian Publishers, Delhi. 

The Importance of Art Activities for Science Teaching : A Hand Book forTeacher
(1984) Published by Centre for Cultural Resources and Training,Bahawalpur House,
New Delhi.

 UNESCO (1985) Teaching School Chemistry, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi. 

 UNESCO,(1978) New UNESCO Source Book’s for Science Teaching, New Delhi;
Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., 


53
 Waiter A Thurkar and Alferd T. Collette (1964) Teaching Science in Todays
SecondarySchools, New Delhi, Prentice Hall

Physics (C)
Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student teacher will be able to:
12) Understand the nature, scope and importance of Physical science with special
reference to secondary school content.
13) Understand the aims and objectives of teaching Physical science.
14) State the specific behavioral changes under each objective.
15) Understand and make use of different approaches & methods of teaching Physical
science.
16) Prepare objective based lesson plans and use them in their internship.
17) Understand and employ several teaching techniques helpful to develop scientific
attitude and scientific method.
18) Plan, use and maintain the physical science laboratory systematically.
19) Understand the principles of text-book construction.
20) Understand the importance of appropriate instructional materials (hardwares and
softwares) in teaching Physical science and use them by preparing/selecting them
in their practice teaching.
21) Understand the importance of principles of curriculum construction in the
organisation of Physical science contact.
22) Get mastery in Physical science content and imbibe the special qualities of
Physical Science teacher.
18) Prepare and use different tools of evaluation to assess the achievements of
students in Physical Science.
19) Develop professionally by attending lectures of professional interest, reading
journals, and magazines and enroll as members of professional organisation.
20) Organise co-curricular activities in science i.e. seminars, field trips, exhibitions
discussions etc through the science club.
21) Apply the knowledge of physical science to develop scientific thinking and
scientific out look.
22) Develop skills in analyzing the content in terms of concepts and in learning
experiences.

23) Construct and administer unit test, conduct experiments improves teaching aids.

54
 CONTENT

Unit 1: Meaning, Nature and Impact of Physics

Concept of science - Science as process and science as a product;

Nature and Scope of Physical Science

Impact of Science and Technology on modern living.
Scientific Attitude - Meaning definition and importance.
Qualities of a person who possesses scientific attitude.
Scientific Method-Meaning, importance and steps involved (with an illustration).
8 hours

Unit 2: Aims and Objectives of Teaching Physics

Aims of teaching Physics in Secondary school:
..1 Personal development aim,
..2 Learner‘s academic and process skills development aim,
..3 Disciplinary aim and
..4 Cultural aim.

Objectives of teaching physics:

..1 Bases for formulation of objectives
2 Objectives of teaching Physics at Secondary level; (To be Discussed
keeping in view of the objectives of teaching Physics enunciated in the
physics syllabi of secondary school of M.P.);Instructional objectives of
teaching physical science and stating them in observable behavioral
changes ; i) Knowledge ii) Understanding, iii) Application, iv) Skill, v)
Attitude, vi) Interest, vii) Appreciation.
10 hours
Unit 3: Approaches and Methods of Teaching Physical Science

Enquiry Approach -Meaning, Uses with Illustrations, Advantages and

disadvantages.

Inductive Approach-Meaning, Uses with Illustrations, Advantages and

disadvantages.

Deductive Approach-Meaning, Uses with Illustrations, Advantages and

disadvantages.

55
 Problem Solving Approach- Meaning, Uses with Illustrations, Steps,
Advantages and disadvantages.
Demonstration Method- Meaning, uses, Advantages and disadvantages.

Lectures-Cum-Demonstration Method- Meaning, uses with Illustration,

Advantages and disadvantages.
Laboratory Method- Meaning, uses with Illustration, Advantages and
disadvantages.

Guided Discovery Method - Meaning, uses with Illustration, Advantages and

disadvantages.
Biographical Method-Meaning, uses with Illustration, Advantages and
disadvantages.

Individual Instruction Techniques and Active Learning Strategies.

Concept Mapping: Its use for summarizing a unit and evaluating students
understanding

Unit 4: Instructional Design, Resources and Teaching Aid for teaching Physical
Science:
Lesson Planning-Meaning, Steps, Importance and Format of Lesson Plan
according to active learning strategies.
Unit Plan-Meaning, Steps, Importance and Format of Lesson Plan
Resource Unit-Meaning, Steps, Importance and Format of Lesson Plan

Audio-Visual Aids (Preparation and Use)

I Charts;
vii Models;
viii OHP transparencies;
ix Filmstrips;
x slides;
xi Video tapes;
ix Films;
x Educational C.D.‘s
Mass Media –
iv Television (T.V.);
v Radio - Meaning and importance.
Community Resources and Self learning materials –
vi Meaning and importance.
Physivs Laboratory-Planning,Equipments;
56
 Importance , , Safety measures & organizing of Laboratory;
Importance & organizing library;
Choice of book for library.

References

 Ahmed, Shaikti R. (1983) Management of Laboratory Science

Programme:Report of Orientation Programme in Educational Planning and
Administration, NewDelhi; NIEPA Mimeo. 

 Bhandula& Chand (1986) Teaching of Science, Prakash Brothers, Ludhina

 Bose, A. H. Sood, J.K. and Vaidya, N. (1970), Strategies in Science Education.
Regional Institute of Education, Ajmer. 

 Carin/SundTeaching Science Through Discovery; C.E. Merrill Publishing Co.
Londan. 

 Cleaveland J. M. (1964) Physical Science C.E. Merrill Publishing Co., Ohio. 

 Craig (1958) Science for the Elementary School Teacher; Ginn& Co., New York 

 Das R. C. (1985) Science Teaching in Schools, Sterling Publishers, Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi. 

 Fensham P. J. et. al.,(1994) The Content of Science : A Constructive Approach to
itsTeaching & Learning. The Falmer Press, Washington D.C.

 Gupta S. K. (1983) Technology of Science Education, Vikas Publishing House,
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 

 Gupta S. K. (1985) Physical Science Teaching in Secondary Schools, Sterling
Publishers, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 

 Jacobson, David et al., (1985) Methods for Teaching: A Skills Approach. Charles,
E Merrill Publishing Co., Columbus. 
 Jennings Terry (1987) The Young Scientist Investigator : The Teacher Manual of
Oxford University Press. 

 Joseph-Bradwin, et al. (1998) ,Sourcebook for Physical Science. Brandwain-
Watson-Blackwood 

57
 Kalara R. M. (1981), Innovation in Science Teaching;Prakashan Kendra, Lucknow. 

 Kohli V. K. (2003) How to Teach Science (A Treatise on Methodology of Teaching
Physics and Chemistry) Viveka Publishers, Ambala. 

 Mangal, S.K. (1995); Teaching of Physical and Life Science, Avg. Book Depot. :
Delhi. 

 Nagel E. (1961) The Structure of Science, Harcourt Brace and World Inc., New York 

 Nair C. P.S., (1971) Teaching Science in Our Schools. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi. 

 Schwab J. J. and Bradwein P.F. (1962) The Teaching of Science, Marks, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge. 

 Sharma, R.C. (1995); Modern Science Teaching, DhanpatRai& Sons, Delhi .

 Siddiqi M.N. and Yadav R.A. (1995) Teaching of Science at Elementary Level,Part -
I& Part - II, Arya Book Depot : New Delhi.

 Siddiqi N. N. &Siddiqi M.N. (1994) Teaching of Science Today and
Tomorrow,Doaba House, Delhi - 110 006. 

 Sood S. K. (1988) New Direction in Science Teaching, Indian Publishers, Delhi. 

The Importance of Art Activities for Science Teaching : A Hand Book forTeacher
(1984) Published by Centre for Cultural Resources and Training,Bahawalpur House,
New Delhi.

 UNESCO (1985) Teaching School Chemistry, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi. 

 UNESCO,(1978) New UNESCO Source Book’s for Science Teaching, New Delhi;
Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., 

 Waiter A Thurkar and Alferd T. Collette (1964) Teaching Science in Todays
SecondarySchools, New Delhi, Prentice Hall

History(D)

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student-teacher will be able to:

1. Understand meaning, scope and importance of History and civics in the school

58
 curriculum.
2. Acquire content knowledge of methods of history and civics.
3. Acquire knowledge of aims and instructional objectives of teaching history
and civics

4. Acquire skills in planning lessons in History and civics

5. Understand and apply the principles of organizing content in the teaching
history and civics.
6. Acquire knowledge about Local, Regional National, and World History.

7. Acquire the knowledge of Instructional Material and resources in teaching

History and Civics
8. Preparing suitable teaching devices & using them & organizing field trips.
9. Proficiency in correlating History and civics with other school subjects.
10. Cultivate the qualities of a good History and civics teacher
11. Acquire the knowledge of content of History and civics for viii to xth standard
in MadhyaPradesh
12. Evaluate History and civics text books and prescribed courses
13. Develop necessary skills in the application of methods and techniques in the
classroom
CONTENT
Unit 1: Nature and Scope of History
1.1 Meaning, Nature, and scope of history
1.1.1. History - an art or Science
1.1.2 Modern Concept of History, exploration, criticism synthesis and
exposition.
1.1.3 Different levels of History - World History, National, Regional and Local
History

Unit 2: Aims and Objectives of Teaching History

2.1 Meaning and Importance of teaching History in Secondary Schools
2.2 Aims of teaching History
2.2.1 Political conciseness, understanding of current events, democratic

59
 citizenship, understanding of Union and the State Govt.
2.2.2 Functional awareness of Rights and Duties of citizens.
2.3 Instructional objectives and values of Teaching History
2.3.1 Knowledge, understanding, critical thinking, skills, Attitude, Interests,
Application - Analysis of these objectives in terms of specific behaviours
of learners.
2.3.2 Spelling out Instructional objectives and learning outcomes
2.3.3 History based hobby clubs, societies
2.4 Correlation of History with other School Subject
2.4.1 Meaning and Importance of correlation
2.4.2 Types of correlation.
2.4.3 Correlation of History with Geography, Economics, Literature
2.4.3 Co curricular /Activities in History
2.4.5 Importance of organization of field trips, visits.

Unit 3: Instructional design in Teaching History

3.1 Format of lesson plan: Its stages, Selection of relevant content, selection of
appropriate teaching devices and assignments, and plan according to
active learning strategies.
3.2 Resource Unit
3.3 Unit Plan
Unit 4: Methods, Techniques, and Instructional Materials of teaching History
4.1 Meaning and need of methods
4.2 Methods and techniques of teaching History –discussion, project, problem
solving, source, dramatization and biographical, Active Learning
Strategies.
4.3 Instructional Materials in History :
4.4.1 Collateral Reading – Importance, Reading materials, Historical Novels
4.4.2 Auto biographic, Magazines, News papers Drams, Journals Audio-Aids-
Radio, Tape recorder, Visual-Aids-Maps- Importance,
4.4.3 Types, procedure of using maps, pictures, charts, models, film strips,
diagrams ,
4.4.4 Audio-Visual Aids-Films, TV

60
 a. History Room-Meaning and Importance, planning equipping
b. Computers, multimedia packages and Internet as an Instructional
aid.
Practical
1. Critical evaluate History content of 8th 9th 10th Standard.
2. Conducting quiz Competition in History.
3. Survey of the locality and collection of information about places or
institutions of historical interests.
4. Organizing short field trip to a place of historical / political interests
5. Preparing resource unit on a topic of your choice in History and Civics.
6. Preparation of materials for a History room or museum
7. Student is also allowed to do his own interested practical work pertaining to the
syllabus.
References

 Agarwal J.C. (2002) Essential of Educational technology: Teaching,

Learning,Innovations in Education, Prakash Publishing house Pvt. Ltd.
New Delhi.

 Arora R.L. (1990) Teaching of History ,Prakash Brother Ltd. 

 Bhattacharya S. (1966) Teaching of Social Studies in Indian Schools. Acharya
Books Depot, Baroda. 

 Bruce Joyce and Marshal Weill (1990) Models of Teaching. Third Edison –
Prentice – Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 
 Kochhar S.K. (1989) Teaching of Social Studies. Sterling Publisher New Delhi

 N.C.E.R.T. (1970) Effective Teaching of History in India .A Handbook for
History Teachers. 

 Taneja U.R. (1910) Fundamentals of Teaching Social Sciences. Mahendra
Capital Publishers. Chandigadh. 
 Vajreswari R (1973) A Hand Book for History Teachers. Allied Publisher‘s New
Delhi. 

Civics (E)
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student-teacher will be able to:
61
 7. Understand meaning, scope and importance of civics in the school curriculum.
8. Acquire content knowledge of methods of civics.
9. Acquire knowledge of aims and instructional objectives of teaching civics

10. Acquire skills in planning lessons in civics

11. Understand and apply the principles of organizing content in the teaching
civics.
12. Acquire knowledge about Local, Regional National, and World civics.

14. Acquire the knowledge of Instructional Material and resources in teaching

Civics
15. Preparing suitable teaching devices & using them & organizing field trips.
16. Proficiency in correlating civics with other school subjects.
17. Cultivate the qualities of a good civics teacher
18. Acquire the knowledge of content of civics for viii to xth standard in
MadhyaPradesh
19. Evaluate History and civics text books and prescribed courses
20. Develop necessary skills in the application of methods and techniques in the
classroom

CONTENT
Unit 1: Nature and Scope of Civics
1.2 Meaning, Nature, and scope of civics
1.1.1. Civics - an art or Science
1.1.4 Modern Concept of Civics, exploration, criticism synthesis and exposition.
1.2. Meaning and scope of civics
2.1.1 Man as a social animal and as a citizen
Unit 2: Aims and Objectives of Teaching Civics
2.4 Meaning and Importance of teaching civics in Secondary Schools
2.5 Aims of teaching Civics
2.2.1 Political conciseness, understanding of current events, democratic

62
 citizenship, understanding of Union and the State Govt.
2.2.2 Functional awareness of Rights and Duties of citizens.
2.6 Instructional objectives and values of Teaching civics
2.3.4 Knowledge, understanding, critical thinking, skills, Attitude, Interests,
Application - Analysis of these objectives in terms of specific behaviours
of learners.
2.3.5 Spelling out Instructional objectives and learning outcomes
2.3.6 Civics based hobby clubs, societies
2.5 Correlation of Civics with other School Subject
2.5.1 Meaning and Importance of correlation
2.5.2 Types of correlation.
2.4.3 Correlation of History with Geography, Economics, Literature
2.5.3 Co curricular /Activities in Civics
2.4.5 Importance of organization of field trips, visits.

Unit 3: Instructional design in Teaching Civics

3.1 Format of lesson plan: Its stages, Selection of relevant content, selection of
appropriate teaching devices and assignments, and plan according to
active learning strategies.
3.4 Resource Unit
3.5 Unit Plan
Unit 4: Methods, Techniques, and Instructional Materials of teaching civics
4.4 Meaning and need of methods
4.5 Methods of teaching Civics - Survey observation, comparative and demonstration,
Active Learning Strategies.
4.6 Instructional Materials in civics :
4.4.1 Collateral Reading – Importance, Reading materials, Historical Novels
4.4.2 Auto biographic, Magazines, News papers Drams, Journals Audio-Aids-
Radio, Tape recorder, Visual-Aids-Maps- Importance,
4.4.3 Types, procedure of using maps, pictures, charts, models, film strips,
diagrams ,
4.4.5 Audio-Visual Aids-Films, TV
a. Civics Room-Meaning and Importance, planning equipping
b. Computers, multimedia packages and Internet as an Instructional
63
 aid.
Practical
8. Critical evaluate History civics content of 8th 9th 10th Standard.
9. Conducting quiz Competition in civics.
10. Survey of the locality and collection of information about places or
institutions of historical interests.
11. Organizing short field trip to a place of historical / political interests
12. Preparing resource unit on a topic of your choice in Civics.
13. Student is also allowed to do his own interested practical work pertaining to the
syllabus.

References

 Agarwal J.C. (2002) Essential of Educational technology: Teaching,

Learning,Innovations in Education, Prakash Publishing house Pvt. Ltd.
New Delhi.

 Arora R.L. (1990) Teaching of History ,Prakash Brother Ltd. 

 Bhattacharya S. (1966) Teaching of Social Studies in Indian Schools. Acharya
Books Depot, Baroda. 

 Bruce Joyce and Marshal Weill (1990) Models of Teaching. Third Edison –
Prentice – Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 
 Kochhar S.K. (1989) Teaching of Social Studies. Sterling Publisher New Delhi

 N.C.E.R.T. (1970) Effective Teaching of History in India .A Handbook for
History Teachers. 

 Taneja U.R. (1910) Fundamentals of Teaching Social Sciences. Mahendra
Capital Publishers. Chandigadh. 
 Vajreswari R (1973) A Hand Book for History Teachers. Allied Publisher‘s New
Delhi. 

64
 Geography (F)
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student-teacher will be able to:
1. Acquire knowledge about basic facts, concepts, laws principles and trends
in Geography
2. Acquire knowledge and understanding of the aims and objectives of Geography
3. Realize the values of learning geography
4. Make use of Audio-visual aids about Geography
5. Develop skills in equipping the Geography (i) Museum (ii) Room (iii) Library
6. Develop skills in organizing planning- learning experiments and in writing
and organizing the lesson plan.
7. Acquire the knowledge of Geography Curriculum

CONTENT

Unit 1: Meaning, Nature and Scope of Geography

1.1 Meaning, Nature, Scope and importance of Geography

1.2 Branches of Geography and their importance- physical, economic, human
and political.
1.3 International relations and study of Geography

Unit 2: Aims and Objectives of teaching Geography

2.1 Aims/Values of teaching Geography
2.1.1 Intellectual aims
2.1.2 Cultural aims
2.1.3 Environmental aims
2.1.4 Utilitarian aims
2.1.5 Aesthetic aims
2.2 Taxonomy and objectives of teaching Geography
2.2.1 Knowledge
2.2.2 Understanding
2.2.3 Application
2.2.4 Attitude and interest
2.2.5 National Integration. International Understanding.
2.3 Co-relation of Geography with History, Science, Mathematics and languages
2.4 Trends in Geography Education
2.5 Importance and Organization of Field trips, Visits
2.6 Geography based hobby clubs / societies (National geography specials)

65
Unit 3: Instructional Design in Geography :
3.1 Meaning, importance and format of lesson plan
3.2 Principles of lesson planning
3.3 Characteristics of a lesson plan

3.4 Prepare Lesson Plan according to Active Learning Strategies

3.4 Unit plan
3.5 Resource Unit
Unit 4 : Methods of Teaching Geography
4.1 Meaning and importance of methods of teaching Geography
4.2 Different Methods of teaching Geography
4.1.1 Lecture Method
4.1.2 Laboratory Method
4.1.3 Observation Method
4.1.4 Excursion Method
4.1.5 Project Method
4.1.6 Discussion Method
4.1.7 Active Learning Strategies
Practicum
1. Preparation of charts, globe and models of Geography.
2. Preparation of transparencies about- section of volcanoes, seabed, plains etc.
3. Interpretation of weather maps
4. Drawing of geographical maps
5. Preparation of resource unit in Geography
Assignments
1. Visit to an observatory, planetarium or Geography museum
2. Collection of specimens
3. Preparation of a project report – based on local geographical survey.

Note
1. Submission of report after doing any one of the above practical work
References

 Bliar, Thomas A., (1951), Climatology: General and Regional, New York, Prentice-
Hall Inc. 

 Brianlt, E.W. and D.W. Shave, (1965), Geography in and out of School, London,
Harrap and Co. 

66
  Brock, Jan O.M., (1965), Geography, Its Scope and Spirit, Ohio, Charles E. Merrill 

 Charley, R.J. and P. Haggett (Eds) (1967), Frontier in Geographical Teaching,
Methuen Educational Ltd. 

 Cons, G.J. (1957) Handbook for Geography Teacher, London, Methuen Educational
Ltd. 
 Gabler, Robert, et al, (1945), Introduction to Physical Geography. San Francisco, Holt,
Rinehart and Winston 

 Garnett Ohio, (1965), Fundamental in School Geography, London, Harrap and Co. 

 Gospil, G.H. (1965), The Teaching of Geography, London, Macmillan and Co. 

 Graves, N.J. (1971), Geography in Secondary Education, London, Geography
Association 

 Graves, N.J. (1972), New Movement in the Study and Teaching of Geography,
Australia, F.W. Cheshire Publishing Printing Ltd. 

 Haggett, P., (1972) Geography: A Modern Synthesis, New York, Harper and Row 

 Indian National Committee for Geography, (1968) Developing Countries of the World
st
 Calcutta, 21 IGU Publication 
 Indian National Committee for Geography, (1968), Indian Regional Studies, Calcutta,
st
 21 IGU Publication 
 Indian National Committee for Geography, (1968), Mountains and Rivers of India,
st
 Calcutta, 21 IGU Publication 
 Kendeaw, W.G. (1938), Climatology, London, Oxford University Press. 

 Lake, Philip, (1974), Physical Geography, Madras, Macmillan Co. of India Ltd. 
 Leong, Goh, Cheug, (197)1, Certification Physical and Human Geography, Singapore,
Oxford University Press. 

 Long and Robertson, (1968), Teaching of Geography, London, Heinemann Educational
Books Ltd. 

 Long,M.L (Ed) (1974), Handbook for Geography Teachers, London Methuen
Educational Ltd. 

 Macnee E.A., (1953) Teaching of Geography, London, Oxford University Press. 

 Robinson, Arthur H. (1960), Elements of Cartography , New York, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc. 

 Seninthirajah, N. and J. Weira, (1971), Evaluation in Geography, Ontario, Ontario
Institute of Education 

 Standing Sub-committee in Geography, (1954,) Handbook for Geography Teacher,
London, Methuen Educational Ltd. 
 Treqartha, Gelnn T., (1954), An Introduction to climate, New York, McGraw Hill
Book Company Inc. 

 UNESCO (1965) Source Book for Geography Teaching, London, Longman, Longman
Co. 

 Wheeler, Jr. J. Renton Kostabade and Richard S. Thoman (1969), Regional
Geographyof the World, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

67
  Woolridge, S.W. and W.G. East, (1951), The Spirit and Purpose of Geography, New
York, Hutchinson. 

Economics(G)

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student-teacher will be able to:
8. Acquire knowledge about basic facts, concepts, laws principles and trends
in Economics
9. Acquire knowledge and understanding of the aims and objectives of Economics
10. Realize the values of learning Economics
11. Make use of Audio-visual aids about Economics
12. Develop skills in equipping the Economics (i) Museum (ii) Room (iii) Library
13. Develop skills in organizing planning- learning experiments and in writing
and organizing the lesson plan.
14. Acquire the knowledge of Economics Curriculum

CONTENT

Unit 1: Meaning, Nature and Scope of Economics

1.4 Branches of Economics and their importance- physical, economic, human

and political.
1.5 Meaning, Nature, Scope and importance of Economics.
1.6 International relations and study of Economics

Unit 2: Aims and Objectives of teaching Economics

2.2 Aims/Values of teaching Economics
2.1.1 Intellectual aims
2.1.2 Cultural aims
2.1.3 Environmental aims
2.1.4 Utilitarian aims
2.1.5 Aesthetic aims
2.3 Taxonomy and objectives of teaching Economics
2.2.1 Knowledge
2.2.2 Understanding
2.2.3 Application
2.2.4 Attitude and interest
68
 2.2.5 National Integration. International Understanding.
2.3 Co-relation of Economics with History, Science, Mathematics and languages
2.7 Trends in Economics Education
2.8 Importance and Organization of Field trips, Visits
2.9 Economics based hobby clubs / societies .

Unit 3: Instructional Design in Economics :

3.6 Meaning, importance and format of lesson plan
3.7 Principles of lesson planning
3.8 Characteristics of a lesson plan

3.4 Prepare Lesson Plan according to Active Learning Strategies

3.9 Unit plan
3.10 Resource Unit
Unit 4 : Methods of Teaching Economics
4.3 Meaning and importance of methods of teaching Economics
4.4 Different Methods of teaching Economics
4.1.1 Lecture Method
4.1.2 Laboratory Method
4.1.3 Observation Method
4.1.4 Excursion Method
4.1.5 Project Method
4.1.6 Discussion Method
4.1.7 Active Learning Strategies
Practicum
6. Preparation of charts, and models.
7. Preparation of transparencies .
8. Preparation of resource unit in Economics
Assignments
4. Visit to an CA, Bank,Post office or Treasury
5. Collection of Coinsof different countries.
6. Preparation of a project report – based on local Banks.

Note
2. Submission of report after doing any one of the above practical work

69
References

 Bliar, Thomas A., (1951), Climatology: General and Regional, New York, Prentice-
Hall Inc. 

 Brianlt, E.W. and D.W. Shave, (1965), Geography in and out of School, London,
Harrap and Co. 

 Brock, Jan O.M., (1965), Geography, Its Scope and Spirit, Ohio, Charles E. Merrill 

 Charley, R.J. and P. Haggett (Eds) (1967), Frontier in Geographical Teaching,
Methuen Educational Ltd. 

 Cons, G.J. (1957) Handbook for Geography Teacher, London, Methuen Educational
Ltd. 
 Gabler, Robert, et al, (1945), Introduction to Physical Geography. San Francisco, Holt,
Rinehart and Winston 

 Garnett Ohio, (1965), Fundamental in School Geography, London, Harrap and Co. 

 Gospil, G.H. (1965), The Teaching of Geography, London, Macmillan and Co. 

 Graves, N.J. (1971), Geography in Secondary Education, London, Geography
Association 

 Graves, N.J. (1972), New Movement in the Study and Teaching of Geography,
Australia, F.W. Cheshire Publishing Printing Ltd. 

 Haggett, P., (1972) Geography: A Modern Synthesis, New York, Harper and Row 

 Indian National Committee for Geography, (1968) Developing Countries of the World
st
 Calcutta, 21 IGU Publication 
 Indian National Committee for Geography, (1968), Indian Regional Studies, Calcutta,
st
 21 IGU Publication 
 Indian National Committee for Geography, (1968), Mountains and Rivers of India,
st
 Calcutta, 21 IGU Publication 
 Kendeaw, W.G. (1938), Climatology, London, Oxford University Press. 

 Lake, Philip, (1974), Physical Geography, Madras, Macmillan Co. of India Ltd. 
 Leong, Goh, Cheug, (197)1, Certification Physical and Human Geography, Singapore,
Oxford University Press. 

 Long and Robertson, (1968), Teaching of Geography, London, Heinemann Educational
Books Ltd. 

 Long,M.L (Ed) (1974), Handbook for Geography Teachers, London Methuen
Educational Ltd. 

 Macnee E.A., (1953) Teaching of Geography, London, Oxford University Press. 

 Robinson, Arthur H. (1960), Elements of Cartography , New York, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc. 

 Seninthirajah, N. and J. Weira, (1971), Evaluation in Geography, Ontario, Ontario
Institute of Education 

 Standing Sub-committee in Geography, (1954,) Handbook for Geography Teacher,
London, Methuen Educational Ltd. 
 Treqartha, Gelnn T., (1954), An Introduction to climate, New York, McGraw Hill
70
 Book Company Inc. 

 UNESCO (1965) Source Book for Geography Teaching, London, Longman, Longman
Co. 

 Wheeler, Jr. J. Renton Kostabade and Richard S. Thoman (1969), Regional
Geographyof the World, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

 Woolridge, S.W. and W.G. East, (1951), The Spirit and Purpose of Geography, New
York, Hutchinson. 

COMMERCE(H)
Objectives:
1. To introduce student teachers with the methodology of teaching used in -
teaching of Commerce in schools.
2. To make student teachers aware of the values of Commerce and the relationship
of Commerce with other subjects.
3. To encourage student teachers to use a wider range of teaching techniques
inorder to enable them to plan their lessons in teaching of commerce.
4. To acquaint student teachers with the role of teaching aids, textbook,
homework, libraries in commerce.
5. To equip student teachers with the curriculum.

COURSE CONTENT:
UNIT-1
1. Meaning, nature, scope and concept of Commerce.
2. Place of commerce in secondary school curriculum and its critical appraisal.
3. Commerce and its relationship with other Social Sciences.
UNIT – II
1. Different methods of teaching commerce, uses and critical analysis.
a. Lecture Method
b. Discussion Method
c. Problem-Solving Method
d. Project Method
e. Survey Method
f. Demonstration Method
2. Commerce Text-books and Supplementary Materials.
Techniques of teaching commerce subject: Questioning – Answering, Assignment,
Observation, Explanation and Illustration.
UNIT – III
1. Analysis and Discussion on skills of teaching Commerce (practice for developing
atleast 5 micro skills).
a. Skill of introducing the lesson
b. Skill of questioning
c. Skill of explanation
d. Skill of stimulus variation
e. Skill of black board writing

2. Lesson planning in commerce, Meaning, need and importance, construction of

composite lesson plan. Lesson Plan according to Active Learning Strategies.
71
 3. Development and utilization of teaching aids(projects, Non-projected and
performing arts) required for commerce programme.

UNIT – IV
1. Qualification, Qualities and Professional growth of Commerce Teacher.
2. Role of Co-curricular activities in commerce.
3. Types and Techniques of evaluation.

PRACTICALS:

1. Evaluation of a commerce text-book at Secondary level.

2. Writing objectives and specifications on any one topic from commerce and

discussions amongst the group regarding decision making while selecting

objectives and difficulties faced.
Reference
 Agarwal J.C (2004) Teaching of Commerce; A Practical approach New-Delhi, Vikas
Public House. 

 Nataraj S. (2006) Learning to teach, V.V. Nagar CVM 

 Tewari S.A (2005) Commerce Education in the Global era Delhi, Delhi Adhyan
Publication. 

 Tomar S. ( 2005) Teaching of Commerce Agra, VinodPustakMandir. 

 Venkat E.T. (2004) method of Teaching of Commerce, New-Delhi, Discovery Public
House. 

72
 CC4 - Language across the curriculum – Part 2
Objectives

It is also intended that the student teachers will develop a taste for
and abilities in reading and making meaning of different kinds of
texts.
They will also learn to engage with ideas and appreciate that
different kinds of writing are used to communicate these ideas in
different contexts.
Overall, areas of language proficiency which are emphasised are
those that will lay a foundation for their becoming self-learners,
reflective and expressive teachers, and collaborative professionals.

UNIT 1: ENGAGING WITH SUBJECT-RELATED REFERENCE BOOKS

For this Unit, the student-teachers should work in groups divided

according to their subjects. Within these groups, pairs of student-
teachers would make a choice of a specific topic in their subject area
which they could research from a set of available reference books. The
focus of this Unit is, as much the learning of effective processes of
reference research and its presentation, as the actual reading of the
reference books themselves.
Sequence of Activities
• Selecting the topic for research and articulating some guiding questions

• Searching and locating relevant reference books (could be from a school

library or the institute library)

• Scanning, skimming and extracting relevant information from the books

by making notes
• Collating notes and organising information under various sub-
headings
• Planning a presentation – with display and oral components
• Making presentations to whole subject group, fielding questions.

UNIT 2: ENGAGING WITH EDUCATIONAL WRITING

Selected texts could be drawn from the wide range of popular

educational writing in the form of well-written essays, extracts or
chapters from authors who deal with themes from education, schooling,
teaching or learning. The writings selected should present a definite point
of view or argument about some aspects of the above themes. Student-
teachers can be grouped randomly for this Unit.
Suggested Activities
• Reading for discerning the theme(s) and argument of the essay (guided

73
reading- individually or in pairs)
• Analysing the structure of the argument—identifying main ideas,
understanding topic sentences of paragraphs, supporting ideas and
examples, terms used as connectors and transitions (guided small group
discussion)
• Discussion of the theme, sharing responses and point(s) of view (small
group discussion)
• Writing a response paper (individually or in pairs)
• Presentations of selected papers, questions and answers (large group)

PRACTICAL
EPC-3 -MICRO TEACHING

Max. Marks : 50
External Marks : 25
Internal Marks : 25
Objectives:
1. To devlop competency among students in teaching skills, integration of
Teachingenable Students to responds to a variety of Maxims of Teaching.
2. To develop the teaching skills of Students.
3. To sharpen classroom communication skills of B.Ed. students.
4. To enable them to use the modern technology in teaching.
5. To enable them understand the process of class room teaching.
Course Content:
Unit I- Micro Teaching
Introduction ,Meaning , Definition,Concept&Principles of Micro Teaching.
Micro Teaching Cycle, Process of Micro Teaching.
Advantages, limitations and uses of Micro Teaching.

Unit II-TEACHING SKILLS

Meaning ,concept & Objective of Teaching Skills
1) Explaining Skill 2)Skill of Illustration with Example
3) Skill of Probing Question 4)Reinforcement Skill
5) Stimulus Variation Skill 6)Introduction Skill
7) Skill of writting Objectives Examples 8)Teacher‘s silences and Non Verbal Cues
9) Lecturing Skill 10)Black board writting Skill
11)Effective Communication 12)Recognizing and Attending Behaviours
13) Classroom Management 14)Planned repetition
74
Unit III –PRACTICALS
1. Minimum 5 Skills Should be taught during Course.
2.Practices of 20 lessons from 5 teaching skills of 2 pedagogy subject is compulsory in
peer group.
3. Record ofMicro teaching - 20 lessons Plan from 5 teaching skills of 2 pedagogy
subject is compulsory.

References :
 Passi , B.K. : Becoming Better Teacher – A Microteaching Approach.Sahitya
Musranalaya,Ahmadabad,1975.
 Passi,B.K.andSingh,P.: Value Education,National Psychological
Corporation,Agar,1991.
 Singh,T. and Singh,P. : ShikshanAbhyaskeSopan . Bharat BhartiPrakashan ,
Jaunpur,1984.
 Singh,L.C. and Sharma,R.D. : Microteaching – Teaching and Practice , National
Psychological Corporation,Agar,1991.


75
 EPC 4: DRAMA AND ART IN EDUCATION

Introduction

The need to integrate arts education in the formal schooling of our students is to retain
our unique cultural identity in all its diversity and richness and encourage young students
and creative minds to do the arts. An understanding of the arts will give our youth the
ability to appreciate the richness and variety of artistic traditions as well as make them
liberal, creative thinkers and good citizens of the Nation. Keeping in view some of these
ideas, the National Curriculum Framework-2005, introduced arts education as a
mainstream curricular area, which must be taught in every school as a compulsory
subject (up to Class X) and facilities for the same may be provided in every school.
Keeping this in view, it is all the more important that arts education is integrated in the
school curriculum to provide an aesthetically viable atmosphere in schools encouraging
creativity. For this, not only Art teachers but every teacher in the school system should
be sensitized to understand and experience the use of Arts for holistic development of the
learner, as a teacher as well as an individual.

OBJECTIVES

• Understanding basics of different Art forms – impact of Art forms on the human mind

• Enhance artistic and aesthetic sensibility among learners to enable them to respond to
the beauty in different Art forms, through genuine exploration, experience and free
expression

• Enhance skills for integrating different Art forms across school curriculum at secondary
level

• Enhance awareness of the rich cultural heritage, artists and artisans.

COURSE CONTENT

UNIT 1: VISUAL ARTS AND CRAFTS (PRACTICAL)

• Experimentation with different materials of Visual Art, such as pastel, poster, pen and
ink, rangoli materials, clay, etc.

• Exploration and experimentation with different methods of Visual Arts like Painting,
block printing, collage, clay modelling, paper cutting and folding, etc.

76
• Paper framing and display of Art works.

UNIT 2: PERFORMING ARTS: DANCE, MUSIC, THEATRE AND PUPPETRY

(PRACTICAL)

• Listening/viewing and exploring Regional Art forms of music, dance, theatre and
puppetry.

• Viewing/listening to live and recorded performances of Classical and Regional Art

forms

• Participation and performance in any one of the Regional Arts forms keeping in mind
the integrated approach

• Planning a stage-setting for a performance/presentation by the student-teacher.

UNIT 3: APPRECIATION OF ARTS

• Meaning and concepts of Arts and aesthetics and its significance at secondary level of
school education

• What is the difference between Education in Arts and Arts in Education

• Identification of different performing Art forms and artists ; dance, music and musical
instrument, theatre, puppetry, etc. (based on a set of slides, selected for the purpose)

• Knowledge of Indian Craft Traditions and its relevance in education (based on a set of
slides, selected for the purpose)

• Knowledge of Indian Contemporary Arts and Artists; Visual Arts (based on a set of
slides, selected for the purpose)

• Indian festivals and its artistic significance.

Project Work (Units 1 and 2)

Theme-based projects from any one of the curricular areas covering its social, economic,
cultural and scientific aspects integrating various Arts and Craft forms; Textbook
analysis to find scope to integrate Art forms either in the text or activities or exercises;
Documentation of the processes of any one Art or Craft form with the pedagogical basis
such as weaving or printing of textiles, making of musical instruments, folk
performances in the community, etc. – how the artist design their products, manage their
resources, including raw materials, its marketing, problems they face, to make them
aware of these aspects of historical, social, economic, scientific and environmental
concerns. Student-teacher should prepare at least ten lesson plans in their respective

77
streams of subjects ( Science/Maths / Social Sciences/Languages etc.) while integrating
different art forms.

Workshop

Two workshops of half a day each, of one week duration for working with artists/artisans
to learn basics of Arts and Crafts and understand its pedagogical significance. The Arts
forms learnt during the course should be relevant to the student-teachers in their
profession. Activities, such as drawing, and painting, rangoli, clay modelling, pottery,
mixed collage, woodcraft, toy making, theatre, puppetry, dance, music, etc. region
specific should be given more importance for making arts learner-centred. The focus of
the workshops should be on how art forms can be used as tool/ method of teaching-
learning of Languages, Social Sciences, Mathematics and Sciences.

PRACTICAL PART

1. BODY MOVEMENT- Different theatre games, Exercises, Martial Arts, Folk

Dances.
2. MEDITATION- Focus, Concentration.
3. SCRIPT WRITING- characterization, dialogue, time and space, beginning,
middle, end.
4. POETRY RECITATION- Rigved Mantras, VaachikAbhinay.
5. SELECTION OF PLAY FOR CHILDREN.
6. CASTING.
7. BUILDING OF A CHARACTER.
8. PARTS OF SPEECH- Volume, Pitch, Speed, clarity, Audibility, Diction,
Intonation, Feel and Toner Quality, Projection.
9. DESIGN OF A PRODUCTION.
10. PRODUCTION- Poster Making, Audience, Execution of Different Aspects of
Production, Analysis of Increase in Understanding of Children through Drama.

Suggested Approach for Teaching–learning Process

78
 Every student-teacher must participate and practice different Art forms. They need to be
encouraged to visit places of arts/see performances/ exhibitions/art and craft fairs/local
craft bazaars, etc. Artists and artisans may be invited for demonstrations and interactions
from the community. Student-teachers should be encouraged to maintain their diary on
art interactions to enhance their knowledge and awareness in this area. Student-teachers
can also be motivated to interpret art works/ commercials/events etc. to enhance their
aesthetics sensibility.

A Resource Centre for Arts and Crafts should be a part of all the RIEs, where materials,
including books, CDs, audio and video cassettes, films, software, props, art works of
Regional and National level, books and journals must be displayed for the purpose of
reference and continuous motivation.

Applications of Arts and Aesthetics in day-to-day life, in the institute and in the
community are some of the practical aspects, which needs to be taken care too. Student-
teachers must organise and participate in the celebrations of festivals, functions, special
days, etc.

Modes of Assessment

The complete course is of 50 marks. It is recommended that evaluation of this course

should be done at both the levels; (i) Internal as well as (ii) External. Practical Activities
(Units 1 and 2 of 30 marks) in nature are more on the process than the product, hence
need continuous and comprehensive evaluation(CCE). Therefore, recommended to be
evaluated by the internals. The theory and project part ( Unit 3 and Project work of 20
marks) can be in viva-voce and in presentation mode therefore recommended to be
evaluated by the externals. The engagement of student-teacher in the above set of
experiences should be evaluated on continuous and comprehensive manner, based on (a)
submission of work/project; (b) participation in the activities; (c) creative potential
displayed; (d) application of aesthetic sensibility in campus events and in other course
activities.

79
 VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA, UJJAIN
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.) 2 Year
SYLLABUS
Compulsory Paper

Third Semester
CC1 - Action Research
Objectives :Upon completion of this course the student-teacher will be able to:
1. Acquire the knowledge of concept of research and educational research.
2. Understand the concept of basic, applied and action research and their differences.
3. Understand the meaning, significance and scope of action research
4. Become aware of action research problems in different areas in schools.
5. Acquire the knowledge of steps involved and tools used in action research.
6. Acquire the skills of conducting action research and to develop the skills of
interpreting and reporting the findings of action research.

CONTENT

Unit 1 : Research and Educational Research

1.1 Research – meaning, definition and importance.

1.2 Educational Research – meaning, definition and importance.
1.3 Steps in Educational Research.
1.4 Types of Research : Fundamental/Basic, Applied and Action Research –
meaning definition and importance.
1.5 Methods of research : Historical, Experimental and Survey
1.6 Differences between applied and action research with reference to –

80
 i) purpose, ii) definition, iii) hypotheses, iv) sample, v) data collection
instruments,
vi) data analyses, vii) generalization, viii) limitations
CONTENT
Unit 2 : Action Research
2.1 Meaning, definition and scope of action research.
2.2 Importance of action research to classroom teachers, administrators and
guidance personnel.
2.3 Limitations of action research
2.4 Action problems in different areas in schools – examples.

Unit 3 : Research Steps and Tools

3.1 Steps in Action Research

3.1.1 Identifying the problem area (examples – experimental design and
qualitative design).
3.1.2 Pinpointing the problem.
3.1.3 Problem analysis in terms of causes.
3.1.4 Identifying the objectives.
3.1.5 Formulating action hypotheses.
3.1.6 Designing action plan.
3.1.7 Execution of the plan.
3.1.8 Analysing the data.
3.1.9 Findings
3.1.10 Reporting.

3.2 Tools of Data Collection.

3.2.1 Achievement Test, Questionnaire, Interview Schedule, Checklist,
Rating Scale – meaning, need, advantages and limitations.
3.2.2 Tests/Inventories of Aptitude, Attitude, Interest, Personality, Values,
Intelligence and Creativity (Knowledge of at least 2 tests in each
category).
3.2.3 Measures in classroom – Sociometric technique and Classroom Social
Distance Scale (uses of these tools in action research)
3.3 Quantitative and Qualitative data : meaning and examples.
3.3.1 Analysis of the Data – frequency distribution, measures of central
tendency, variability,
3.3.2 Co-efficient of correlation (Pearson‘s rank difference method).
81
 3.3.3 Interpretation of data with an example – descriptive and graphical.
(Note : to be discussed without computation)

Unit 4 : Action Research Report

4.1 Format of report in terms of steps of action research (as in 3.1 above).
4.2 Summary, bibliography and appendix.

Assignments (any one)

Preparation of an action plan on a classroom problem such as :

a. identifying causes of poor reading ability and suggesting remedial measures.

b. identifying the causes and types of spelling errors and suggesting remedial
measures.

c. identifying the causes of poor map-reading skills and suggesting remedial

measures.
d. identifying the causes for poor drawing of diagrams and suggesting remedial
measures.
e. identifying the causes of truancy and suggesting remedial measures.

f. identifying the causes of problem behaviour of students in the classroom and

suggesting remedial measures.
(any other problems similar to above mentioned)

Reference
 Aggarwal, J.C. (1975), Educational Research : An Introduction. New Delhi :Arya
Book Depot. 
 Best, J. W. and Kahn, J. V. (2002), Research in Education, (7th Ed.) New Delhi :
Prentice Hall Pvt. Ltd. 

 Corey, S.M. (1953), Action Research to Improve School Practices, New York:
Bureau of Publications, Columbia University. 
 Fox, D. J. (1969), The Research Process in Education. New York : Holt, Rinehart
and Winston, Inc. 
 Garrett, H.E. (1969), Statistics in Psychology and Education. Bombay :Vakils,
Feffer and Simons, Ltd. 
 Koul, L. (1984), Methodology of Educational Research, New Delhi :Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. 

82
  McLean J.E. (1995), Improving Education through Action Research, California :
Corwin Press, INC. 
 NCERT (1979), Research in Classroom, New Delhi : Volume I to IV. 

 Sharma, R.N. (1993), Methodology of Research in Education, New Delhi :Surjeet
Publications. 
 Sidhu, K. S. (1984), Methodology of Research in Education, New Delhi : Sterling
Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 
 Van Dalen, D. (1973) Understanding Educational Research : An Introduction.
New Delhi : McGraw Hill Book Co. 

PRACTICAL
CC2 - School Internship and Observation

Internal Assessment Marks : 150

Min.Marks :75
Division of Marks :-
(a) School Internship +Construction of Achievement test +teaching aid =
30+10+20
(b) Observation + Participation and organization two co-curricular activities
+book Review =30+10+10
(c) Critisim lesson (two lesson each subject) 5x4 x2 = 40
Objective :-

Pupil teacher will be able to understand the role of observation in improving

teaching.
Pupil teacher will be able to observe and peer pupil teacher.
Pupil teacher will learn how to give feedback to peer regarding overall
teaching.
Pupil teachers will understand the further implications of observation in his/her
own teaching.
Process :
Pupil teacher must observe 25 lesson plans of his/her peer pupil teacher in
standard format and submit to concerned teacher.
Activities

A) I Regular classroom teaching delivery of 60 lessons

(Minimum 30 Lessons in each subject out of which
5 ALM Lessons are compulsory )
Daily supervision of lesson 15X2 30

83
 II Development of achievement test and remedial teaching10
III Functional and Statistic Model/Teaching aids, at least one in each subject 5x2
B) I Observation of minimum12 lessons in each teaching subject and preparation of
report 10
II Criticism Lesson four, two in each subject 5x4 20
(Observed by minimum two supervisors)
III Participation & organization of any two co-curricular activities and
preparation of Report 10
IV Candid analysis of text book of concerned subjects at school level 10

Note :
External observer principal internship school and nominated by internship
school principal.
Use of thermo coal in preparation of teaching aids is prohibited since it is non
biodegradable. Even thermo coal sheets not be used as base material.

Final Teaching
Max. Marks :200
External Marks : 200

DELIVERY OF LESSONS
Minimum number of lessons in each teaching subject to be delivery should be 30
out of which 5 ALM Lesson Plan which will included two criticism lessons – one
at the end of 14 lessons and the other at the end of teaching assignments. Total 60
lessons for two teaching subjects.

PRACTICUM DURING INTERNSHIP

Preparation, administration analysis of achievement test (s) followed by remedial
teaching.
Case study/action research Working with community (meeting 2 parents for total
growth and development of their wards and preparation of report)
Observation of 5 lessons in each subject and preparation of report
Organise/participate in any one school co curricular activities/ Review of Text
book. (See the list in each teaching subjects.
Teaching aids in each teaching subjects. Any other activity/s decided by the
Institute.

POST INTERNSHIP
The period will be for reflection and review of internship programme to facilitate
the understanding of the effectiveness of various activities undertaken during
internship. During this phase the efficacy of the entire programme for the
students as well as faculty members of the institute will be determined through:
Seeking reactions of students, headmasters/ principals/ cooperating teachers and
supervisors
84
 Exhibition of work done by the students during the internship programme.
Additional activities on the basis of feedback as received at (a) and (b) above
Any other activity/s decided by the Insitute.

SUGGESTED SCHOOL ACTIVITIES

Organization of cultural activities, organization of literary activities organization
of games/reports.
Framing of timetable
Attending and organizing morning assembly
Maintenance of school discipline
Maintenance of school reports
Guidance and counseling
Organising science fair, exhibition, science club, nature study
Maintenance of school library
Maintenance of school laboratories
Role of community for school improvement
School of mapping
Garding
Water resource management
Voluntary services
Mass awareness of social evils and taboos
Literacy activities
Any other activity/s decided by the Institute.

ASSESSMENT OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES

Activities

Final Teaching :-
Final Teaching :-

A I. Evaluation Lesson plan (Prepared lesson Plan Diary) 50 150

II. Teaching aids used 50
III. Presentation of lesson(any one Pedagogy subject)50
B IV.Viva-Voce on pedagogy subject 50

Note: Any of the above activity may be replaced by another activity as decided by
the Institute as per the need of the course

Use of thermo coal in preparation of teaching aids is prohibited since it is non

biodegradable. Even thermo coal sheets not be used as base material.

85
 CC4 Educational Psychology Practical

Max. Marks : 50
External Assessment : 30
External Assessment : 30
Objectives :-
To develop ability in pupil teachers to asses students.
To enhance pupil teachers capacity of conducting psychological tools.
To train pupil teacher understanding of psychological tools and their implications.
Pupil teacher will learn further use of such tools in research.

Selection of Psychological Tools :

There are two groups based on tests and experiments.
Pupil teacher must learn to conduct 5 tests from group- A and 5 experiments from group
B.

PSYCHOLOGY TEST (ANY FIVE)

1.Intelligence Test- Verbal

2.Intelligence Test- Non Verbal
3.Interest Test
4.Attitude Test
5.Learning by Whole and Part Method
6.Personality test -Introvert and Extrovert
7.Value Test
8.Adjustment Test
9.Anxiety Test
10.Achievement Test

86
EPC 5 -WORK EXPERIENCE
(A) Drawing &Painting
(B) Music
(C) Gardeing&Horticultre

Max. Marks : 50
Internal Assessment : 20
External Assessment : 30

87
 (C) Gardening &Harticulture

Theory -

1.Place Gardening - Importance and aims.

2.Site selection for garden.

3.Irrigation and drainage -methods of irrigation and

importance.

4.Seed and seed selection , methods of sowing -germination

vegetative propagation.

5.Place of pot culture,water culture,mixing of soil,manure.

6care and upkeep of garden -inter-culture,mulching and weed

control , insects and pests ,sunglar.

Practical - Care and Handeing of Equipment,Upkeep of

Plants, pots,preparation of fint,nursery

beds,spraying of insecticides etc.,collection of seeds

,bulb,pests etc.

88
 VIKRAM VISHWAVIDYALAYA, UJJAIN
BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (B.Ed.) 2 Year
SYLLABUS
Compulsory Paper

Fourth Semester
CC 1 Gender, School and Society
Course Objectives:
To enable the Student Teacher to:
1. To acquaint the student teachers with the concept of gendered roles in society
and their challenges.
2. To develop an understanding of the inequality and disparities in equal
opportunities in education in societal context.
3. To enable the student teachers to critically examine the stereotypes and
rethink their beliefs.
4. To help student teachers to develop abilities to handle notion of gender and
sexuality.
Course Contents:
UNIT I Gender Issues: Key Concepts
1. The meaning and concept of gender and experience of gender in across
different social groups, regions and time-periods. Challenges in gendered
roles in society: Family, caste, religion, culture, the media and popular
culture (films, advertisements, songs etc.), law and the state.
2. Unequal access of education to girls; access to schools; gender identity
construction at home and in society.
3. Indian societal context: Power and authority in Indian Social System
(patriarchy). Socialization of child into a specific gender influences, and
opportunities for education.

UNIT II Gender Challenges and Education

4. Challenging gender inequalities or reinforcing gender parity: The role of

schools, peers, teachers, curriculum and textbooks, etc.
5. Representation of gendered roles, relationships and ideas in textbooks and
curricula.
6. Schools nurture or challenge creation of young people as masculine and
feminine selves.

89
UNIT III Gender Issues and Role of Teacher

7. Counseling and Guidance: Teachers' need help to develop abilities to handle

notions of gender and sexuality, (often addressing the issues under diverse
cultural constraints, their own and their students‘, instead of shying away
from the same.)
8. Sex Education: Perceptions of safety at school, home and beyond (The
formulation of positive notions of sexuality among young people impact
larger issues).
9. Identification of sexual abuse/violence and its verbalisation, (combating the
dominant societal outlook of objectification of the female body, and so on.)

UNIT IV Role of the Media and Life Skills Education

10. Role of the media in propagation of popular beliefs, reinforcing gender roles
in the popular culture and by implication, at school.
11. Life Skills courses in school: provisions to deal with some issues of gender
identity roles and performativity for the development of positive notions of
body and self.
12. Gender equality Education: of regions and exploring the roles of the
institutions (family, caste, religion, culture, media and popular culture, law
and the state).

Assignment:
1. Group Discussion:
B.Ed. students will observe and study the distribution of roles and
responsibilities in schools and classrooms, rituals and school routines,
processes of disciplining distinctly as for girls and boys, and in classroom
interaction. Studying the everyday activities where the majority of girls
constitute the assembly choir group and the boys form the inter-school
cricket team; girls partnered to be seated with other girl students and boys
with boys; sciences associated with boys and humanities with girls; art
and craft considered to be the domain of the girls and physical education
that of the boys; etc. Teachers need to question such stereotypes and help
students rethink their beliefs. Why these issues are delineated only for
supplementary extra-curricular periods in school and not integrated into
subjects of study need to be discussed.
2. Group work& activities, brainstorming, audio-visual presentations:
prospective teachers to attend and themselves undertake sessions of open
verbalization with school students, voluntary cum friendly involvement in
discussions, , together with the co-participation of school (teachers,
counselors and other resources), home (parents and siblings) and society
(NGOs, other expert groups, etc.).
90
 3. Assignments and Projects: Student-teachers will be exposed and trained
to prepare pedagogic material and practice a pedagogy which can develop
abilities and confidence in their students to critically evaluate and
challenge gender inequalities, while being sensitive to social groups.

References:

1. Aeker,S. (1994) Feminist theory and the study of gender and education; In S.

2. Acker, Gendered Education: Sociological Reflections on women, Teaching and

3. Feminism, Buckigham: Open University Press.

4. Barks, O. (1971) Sociology of Education Ed. 2 Landon: Batsford.

5. Kumar, K. (1991) Political agenda of Education, New Delhi: Sage.

6. Lips, Hilary M. (1989) Sex and Gender an Introduction, California

7. Mountainview, Mayfield Publishing Company.

8. Shokeshaft, Charol (1989). Women in education administration, New Bury Park:

Sage Publication.

9. Crapo, H. (ed.) (1970) Family, Class and education, London: Longman

10. David, Mirrian, E. (1980) State the Family and education, London: Routledge and
kegan Paul Desai, 12. Tyler, W. (1977) The sociology of educational inequality, London:
Methuen.

13. Chandra, Karuna (1984) Structures and ideologies: Socialization and Education of
girl

14. child in South Asia‘, Indian. Journal of Social Sciences.Vol 3 No. 1.

15. Ahmad, Karuna (1984) ‗Social context of Women‘s Education 1921-81‘, New
frontiers in higher education, Vol.- XV No. 3.

91
 CC 2. Educational Technology & ICT

Objectives: Upon the completion of the course the student-teachers will able to:

Explain meaning, components, functions of computer and its historical backgrounds.

Understand the computer peripherals and its Organization in computer system.

Develop skill in handling computer and using word documents.

Develop skill in computation, analysis and interpretation of data by using Excel

Spread sheets.

Understand the Educational implications of Power Point Presentation and its use
in classroom context.

Understand the applications of Information Technology in the field of teacher

education programme and training.

CONTENT

Unit 1 : Fundamentals of ET

1.1Meaning, Definition Characteristics andNeedof ET

1.2 Hardware & Software Approaches & Difference

1.3 Classification of Approaches:

1.3.1 Hardwares: Main Parts,Functions of OHP,Projectors,Audio-
Visual Eqipments,TV,Computer.
1.3.2Softwares: Functions of Software used in Education ,MS Word, MS
Excel, PowerPoint Presentation.E-Mail, Internet.

Unit 2: Computer Organization: Hardware and Software

2.1 Meaning, Definition and Characteristics of Computer
2.2 History and Generations of Computer
2.3 Basic Functions of Computer - Input-Process-Output Concepts
2.4 Input Devices:
2.4.1 Key Board, Mouse, Scanner, Digital Camera, Mike, Digital Board
2.5 Central Processing Unit:

92
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit, Control Unit and Memory Units.
2.3 Memory Devices (Storage devices):
2.3.1 Primary memory Devices: RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM
and EEPROM.
2.3.2 Secondary memory Devices: Hard Disk, CD-Rom, DVD, Optical Disk,
Pen drive.
2.4 Output Devices:
Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speaker
2.5 Operating System:
2.1.1 Needs and Functions of Operating System
2.1.2 Types of Operating System – single user and multi user
2.6 Programming Languages: Types of Languages – LLL and HLL
2.7 Computer Software:
System Software, Application Software and Operating System

2.8 Computer Virus and its prevention.

Unit 3: Microsoft Windows (System Software)

3.1 Introduction to MS-Windows
Elements of MS-Windows, Start Menu, Desktop, Window Accessories, Control
panel, Windows Explorer
3.2 Application Programme: MS-OFFICE (Application
Software) MS-WORD, MS-EXCEL AND MS-
POWERPOINT.
3.3 Microsoft Power Point :
3.5.1 Parts of PowerPoint windows, PowerPoint Standard,
Formatting, Drawing Toolbars.
3.5.2. Working with Text –Changing Fonts, Changing Font Size and
Bold, Alignments, Moving text etc
3.5.3. Working with Graphics – Moving the Frames and Inserting Clip Arts,
Inserting pictures, Inserting New Slide, Organisation of Charts, Tables,
Designing Templates, Master Slide, Colour box etc
3.5.4. Presentation of Slides – Saving Slides, Auto Content Wizard Slide
93
 Show, Animation, etc.
3.5.5. Educational based application, use of the Power Point.

Unit 4: Applications Information and Communication Technology in Education

4.1 Introduction to ICT: Meaning, Need and importance of ICT.
4.2 Introduction to Multi Media :
4.2.1 Meaning of Multi media
4.2.2 Scope of Multi media
4.2.3 Components of Multi media
4.2.4 Pre-requisites of Multimedia PC
4.2.5 Graphic Effects and Techniques
4.2.6 Sound and Music
4.2.7 Uses of Multimedia for teaching
4.2.8 Developing a lesson plan using a multimedia package
4.3 Introduction to Internet
4.3.1 Meaning of Internet
4.3.2 Characteristics of Internet
4.3.3 Uses of Internet
4.3.4 Educational based applications of Internet
4.4 Computer Application in Education
4.4.1 Computer Assisted Instruction: Concept, Characteristics, Modes,
Merits and demerits.
4.4.2 Computer Assisted Testing : concept, characteristics, modes, merit and
demerits
4.4.3 Computer Managed Instruction : concept, characteristics, modes, merits
and demerits
6. Introduction to/ website –meaning and importance
4.5.1 Social websites (Blog/Twitter/face book)
Unit 5: Technology in Education
4.1 Psychological Based Modern Techniques Adgerdel'sCone of Experience.
4.2 Programmed Learning :Meaning ,Significance Principles,& Types-Linear
,Branched,Mathetics
5.3 Innovation in Educational Technology:VedioLessons,Interactive Video,
Smart Class, Tele & Video Confrencing.

Requirements:

94
 1. Infrastructure requirements: In order to implement ICT literacy in in-service
teacher education and ICT laboratory/Multimedia centre may have to be setup
No. of PCs /Systems will be required.
2. It is recommended that for each student teacher get hands on
experience at least one hour per week. College is free to design the
practical time table.
3. It is recommended that out of 4 Hours a week. ( 2 Hours theory and 2
hour practical‘s.)
4. Institution should have to appoint ICT Teacher with minimum
qualification of PGDCA/BCA/MCA

Assignments: (Any One Uniform pattern)

1. Write the History and Generations of Computer.

2. Write the Input, Output and Storage devices of Computer system.

3. Preparation of a Lesson Plan, Student List, Letters, Invitations – Hard copy and
Soft copy.

4. MS Excel: Preparation of a School Time table, Marks List – Analysis of Data and
Graphical representation - Hard copy and Soft copy.
5. MS PowerPoint: Preparation of Animated slides (Insert Pictures, Cliparts, Word
art, sound, effects, animation, etc…)for teaching any concept on your subjects.

6. Internet: Surfing Educative websites, downloading, taking a printout, creating E-

mail Id.

Reference

 Balaguruswamy E. (2001) ,Programming in Basic, New Delhi: Tata

McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited. 
 Casanova and Molina (1996), Multi media : Production, Planning and
Delivery, New Delhi : Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. 

 Gupta, Vikas (1997) ,Micro soft Windows, New Delhi : PustakMahal. 

 Gupta, Vikas (1997), Rapidex Computer Course, New Delhi :PustakMahal. 

 Harley, Hahn (1996) ,The Complete Internet Reference, New Delhi: Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited. 

 Hayes, J.P. (1998), Computer Architecture and Organisation, New Delhi:

95
 Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited. 
 Jain, V.K. (1997), Computer for Beginners, New Delhi :PustakMahal. 

 Leon, Alexis and Mathews (1998), E mail in a Nutshell,Chennai : Leon Tech
World. 

 Leon, Alexis and Mathews (1999), Fundamentals of Information Technology,
Chennai

: Leon Tech World.

 Milan, Milenkovic (1987), Operating System - Concept and Design, New Delhi
: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited. 

 Rajaraman V. (1992) ,Fundamentals of Computer, New Delhi :
Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. 
 Ron, Mansfield (1994), The Compact Guide to Microsoft Office,
New Delhi: B.P.B Publication. 
Singh, Vishnu Priya and Singh, Meenakshi (1998),Multimedia Illustrate,
New Delhi
: Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited.
 Subramanian N. (1986), Introduction to Computer Fundamentals, New Delhi:
Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited. 

96
 CC3: CREATING AND INCULSIVE SCHOOL
Objectives:

On completion of the Course the Student Teacher will be able to :

1. Identify the children of special needs.

2. Underestand the nature of special needs their psychoeducationalcharacterstics and

functional limitation.

3. Familiarize with assessment and placement procedure for children with special needs.

4. Develope understanding about accommodating special needs in regular classroom.

5. Appreciate the education of children with special needs.

Course Content:

Unit 1- Special needs and education

Concept and types of special needs.

education of children with special needs and its implecation for universilisation
of elementary education.
understanding and respecting diversity.
trends of education for children with special need in india.
policies schemes and legistations about the education of children with special
educational needs.

Unit 2- nature ,types and characterstics of children with special needs

-psycho-social and educational characterstics functional limitations with

reference to-
locomoter impairment
hearing impairment
visual impairment
learning disability
gifted and disadvantaged children
mental retardation and slow learners.

Unit III- Inclusive Education

concept and philosophy of inclusive education

97
 teaching competencies required for inclusive education
Roll of class teachers and Resource teachers in inclusive education.
School and classroom managmant for implementing inclusive education.
guidance and councelling in inclusive education.
Specific roll of family and community participation.
Support services needed for inclusive schools

UNIT IV- identification and assessment of children with special educatioanl needs

Concept and techniques of assessment

-identification and functional assessment of children with special needs
-implecatin of assessment for instructional planning and curriculum.
curriculum ,adaptation, teaching strategies and evaluation in inclusive school.
-Principles and methods of curriculum adapatation and adjustment to address
diversity.
teaching learning strategies for children with special educational needs:
comparetive learning ,peer tutoring ,behavior modification, multisensory
approach,perceptual strategy and system approach.
individual educational program (IEP) and use of emerging technology
adaptation in evaluation procedures.

Practicum: Any one of the following:

(suggested practicum but more activities can be taken up by the teacher based on any
topic from above unit)

1. Preparation of a report on importance of education for children with special needs

2. Case study of children with special needs school in school situation.
3. Observation of class room situation and identification of special needs.
4. Identification of gifted /creative /slow learner/children with learning disability
using standardized test.
5. Preparation of teaching plan for accommodation special need(Any one type) in
regular classroom.
6. List out the resources for effective implementation of integration programme with
reference to any one category of special needs.
Apart from the above similar activities from the five units will be identified and
given.

Refferences:

98
1.Montgomary,D. (1990),special need in ordinary schools:children with

learning difficulties,Cassel Educational limited ,londan

2.Ainscow,M.(1990)special needs in the classroom:A Teacher education

resource pack UNESCO

3.Hallahan and Kuffiman J.M.(1984) excetional children ,Prentice hall

4.Haring N.G.(1986)Exceptional Children and youth Ohio:Columbus Charles

E Meml Publishing Co. A Bell and Howell Co.

5. Hegarty S. and MithuAlur(2002)Education and children with Special

99
 CC 4. Optional Course:
(Any One of the Subject mentioned below)
Value Education

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student-teachers will be able to:
1. Understand the concept and types of values.

2. Understand the meaning and basic-theories of axiology.

3. Get an insight into the strategies of inculcation of values among children.

4. Develop awareness about the different agencies working in the sphere of value
education.
5. Develop skills and techniques needed to teach value education.

6. Understand the role of the teacher in value education.

CONTENT

Unit 1: Introduction to Values

1.1 Values: Concept, Nature, Types and Significance
1.2 Classification of Values - Intrinsic Values, Instrumental Values, Moral Values,
Aesthetic Values, Economic Values, Social Values
1.3 Contemporary Values in Indian Context
1.3.1 Panchakosha Theory of Values
1.3.2 Basic Human Values – Truth, Beauty, Goodness, Love, Peace, Non-
Violence
1.3.3 Contemporary Values – Scientific Temper, Intellectual Honesty, Social
Service and Protection of Environment.

Unit 2: Strategies of Inculcation of Values

2.1 Sources of Value Education – Autobiography and Biography of Great People,
Parables, Vedas, Bhagavadgita, Shlokas, Poems, Newspaper Clippings, Episodes
from Real Life, Documents etc.
2.2 Techniques of Inculcating Values in Life
100
 2.2.1 Ashtangayoga (Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Prathyahara,
Dhyana, Dharana, and Samadhi)
2.3 Role of Teachers in Value Education.

Unit 3: Role of Social Agencies in Value Education

3.1 Family
3.2 Religion
3.3 Educational Institutions
3.4 Community
3.5 Mass Media (Print and Electronic)
3.6 Information and Communication Technology (Computer and Internet)

Unit 4: Value Education in Secondary Schools

4.1 Integrated approach
4.2 Direct Approach
4.3 Incidental approach
4.4 Co-curricular and Extra-Curricular Activities
4.1.1 Resolving Value Conflicts (value crisis)
4.1.2 Discussion of Burning Social and Moral Problems
4.1.3 Project Work and Community Centered Activities

Assignments (any one)

1. Visit to religious institutions which are involved in Educational endeavor
2. Documentation of the contributions of the great personalities and institutions for
the promotion and protection of values
3. Selection of incidences/ episodes from the biographies depicting particular/
selected value
4. Preparation of Value Judgment Scale

Reference:
 Broudy S. Harry (1961) Building a Philosophy of Education, USA, Prentice-hall
Inc. 

 Dewey, J. (1916) Democracy and Education. New York: Macmillan. 

 Doyle, T.F. (1973) Educational Judgments. London: Roufledge and Kegam Paul. 

 Feather T., Norman (1975) Values in Education and Society, New York: A
101
 Division of Macmillan Publishing Co. 
 Gupta, N.L. (1986) Value-education: Theory and Practice, Amjeer, Krishna
brothers. 

 Kneller, G.F., (1971) Introduction to the Philosophy of Education. New York:
Johnwilly and Sons. 
 Lowenthal, F. and Vandamme F. Eds. (1986) Pragmatics and Education. New 
York. Planeum.

 Marlow A.H., Ed. (1959) New Knowledge in Human Values. London: Harper and
Row 
 Peters, R.S. (1963) Authority, Responsibility and Education. London: George Allen
and Unwin. 

 Rogers, C.R. (1980) A Way of Being. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. 

 Russell, B. (1972) Education and the Good Life. New York: Leveright. 

 Venkataiah N. (Ed), (1998) Value Education. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporat

102
 Optional Subject

FUTUROLOGY IN EDUCATION

OBJECTIVES:

To acquaint students with the significance of the study of Futures in general

and Futurology in particular.

To develop the knowledge and skills of students for Forecasting Futures of

Education through methods and techniques.

To develop critical thinking of students about the problem and prospects of

school education in future.
CONTENT:

UNIT I: Concept of Future andFuture studies:

Needs, Scope andSignificance of Futures Studies in General

UNIT II: Concepts of Futurology in Education and Futuristic Education:

Needs and relevance of study of Futurology in Education at Teacher Education

stage and School stage
UNIT III: Parameters of Forecasting Educational Futures.
Different methods of Futures Studies: simple Trend Extrapolation, Brain Storming,
Delphi, Future Wheel, Role Playing, and Scenario Writing.
UNIT- IV: Futures of Educational System:
Library, Classroom, Methods, Media and Teaching Aids, Textbooks, Examination
System, Futures School Teachers and Students. Futures of Primary and Secondary
Education in the Context of Social and Technological Change
ACTIVITY:
Group Activity (ONE)
Development of Scenario on any one area of Education as specified in
Units 4 and 5 using the activities specified in unit 3.
 Individual Activity (ONE)
a. Designing futuristic course content of own subject at school level
on the basis of study of Literature.
103
 b. Writing Scenario of Future of Students/ Teachers/School/
Environment/ Library/ Teaching Aids/ Textbooks; etc. using
Future Wheel Exercise.
c. Using Future Wheel Exercise.
References:

Ekisirh Sade keLiyaShiksha. Palash, Madhya Pradesh

ShishakPrashikshanMandal, Bhopal, Jan., 1990.
NIEPA Report: Education in the 2001, New Delhi, 1986.

Passi, B.K. and Sahoo, P.K.: Future Studies National Psychological

Corporation, Agra, 1991.

Reddy, N.: Problems of Futurology. Sterling Publishing Co., New

Delhi, 1985.

Sapra, C.L., and Dadauz, S.S.: Education of the Future Management

Challenges. National Book, New Delhi, 1986.

Seth, S.C.: India- The Next 7000 days. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New
Delhi, 1986.

Seth, S.C.: Future Scan and anticipatory Management. Centre for

Anticipatory Management, New Delhi.
Sharma, P.L.: India the Fourth World. Pankaj, New Delhi, 1985.

Srivastava, A.P.: Teaching and Learning in XII Century. The

Learning Laboratory, New Delhi, 1987.
Toffler, A.: The Third Wave. Pan book, London, 1980.

104
 Optional Subject
Health and Physical Education

Objectives :Upon completion of the course the student–teacher will be able to :

1. Understand the significance of Health Education for the all-round

development.
2. Maintain and promote good health
3. Develop the understanding of physical education and its related fields.
4. Acquire the knowledge about the teaching methods of physical education
and its activities.
5. Know about the effective organization of physical education activities.

CONTENT
Unit 1 : Health and Physical Education
1.1 Health : Meaning, Aims and Objectives, Importance and Scope
1.2 Physical Education : Meaning, Aims and Objectives, Importance and Scope
1.3 Related fields – Recreation, Health Education and Education
1.4 National and Emotional Integration through Sports and Physical Education
1.5 Yoga – Meaning – Astanga Yoga – Significance in Modern Society.

Unit 2 : Health Service and Supervision

2.1 Medical Inspection – Meaning, Procedure and Importance
2.2 Personal Care – Skin, Eyes, Ears and Teeth
2.3 Safety Education – Meaning and Significance, Safety in Classrooms, Play
field, Gymnasium, Roads and Homes.
2.4 First Aid – Meaning, Significance, principles of giving first aid
2.5 Fatigue – Meaning, Causes and Remedies.
2.6 Balanced DIET – Meaning and Benefits.

Unit 3 : Leadership, Discipline, Incentives and Awards

3.1 Leadership

105
 3.1.1 Qualities of good leader in physical education
3.1.2 Teacher leadership

3.1.3 Student leadership

3.2 Discipline
3.2.1 Meaning
3.2.2 Common forms of indiscipline in schools
3.2.3 Causes for indiscipline
3.2.4 Steps to check indiscipline
3.2.5 Rewards and discipline
3.2.6 Punishment and discipline
3.3 Incentives and Awards
3.3.1 Letter – Crest
3.3.2 Cup
3.3.3 Trophy
3.3.4 Medal
3.3.5 Honour Board
3.3.6 Scholarship
3.3.7 Certificate
3.3.8 Cash prize – based on the Player‘s Performance

Unit 4 : Organization of Physical Education Activities

4.1 Intramural and Extramural Competitions: Meaning, Organization, Benefits
4.2 Tournaments : Meaning, Types – Knock-out and league, Benefits.
4.3 Sports meet : Meaning, Organization, Benefits.
4.4 Camps and Hikes : Meaning, Organization, Benefits.

Practicum
1. Participation in any one major game and one sports item
2. Ground marking for selected games and sports
3. Commands, line formation and marching, ceremonial parade
4. Participation in two National festival programmes for flag hoisting

106
References
 Kamalesh and Sangral, (2000), Principles and History of Physical Education,
Ludhiana :Tandon Publication,. 

 Nadgir, K.G. (1998) ,SharirShikshanadVidhanagalu, Dharwad :
MallesajjanVyayama Shale. 

 Nadgir, K.G.(1997) , ArogyaMuttuAragyaShikshana, Dharwad :

MallasajjanaVyama Shale. 

 Prakash Brothers (2000) Organization, Administration and Recreation in
PhysicalEducation, Ludhiana :Prakash Brother Publication.

 Rao, V. K. (2003), Physical Education, New Delhi : A.P.H. Publishing
Corporation. 

 SarojkantBihari and Prasanna Kumar Chowdhary (2003), Health and
PhysicalEducation. Ludhiana :Kalyeni Publishers.

 Vijendra Kumar (2000), Modern Methods of Teaching Physical Education, New
Delhi : 
Sarup& Sons.

107
 Optional Subject
Guidance and Counseling in Schools

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student-teacher will be able to :

1. Understand the principles, scope and need of guidance and counselling in schools
2. Acquaint himself with nature of different problems faced by children in
context of learning and development.
3. Understand the acquisition and process of learning in children with special needs.
4. Acquaint himself with learning disabilities of children and its remedies
5. Take up minimum guidance programme at school level.

CONTENT

Unit 1: Guidance and Counselling

1.1 Introduction to Guidance and Counselling
1.2 Nature, Purpose and Scope of Guidance and Counselling
1.3 Difference between Guidance and Counselling
1.4 Counselling
1.4.1 Principles
1.4.2 Approaches
1.5 Areas of Guidance
1.5.1 Educational Guidance
1.5.2 Vocational Guidance
1.5.3 Personal Guidance *

Unit-2: Problems of Developments in Children

2.1 Problems related to physical development
2.1.1 Common problems faced by children
2.1.2 Nutrition
2.2 Problems related with Emotional Development
2.2.1 Adjustment to Home
2.2.2 Adjustment to School
2.2.3 Adjustment to Peer Group
108
 2.2.4 Problems related to academic achievement
2.2.5. Problems related to Gender bias and Gender related issues

2.5 Applications of the whole child concept for parents, teachers and counselors

2.6 Acquisition and Process of Learning

2.6.1 Concept of learning
2.6.2 Factors affecting learning
2.6.3 Physiological factors
2.6.4 Psychological factors
2.6.5 Socio-emotional factors
2.6.6 Educational factors

Unit 3: Learning Disabilities of Children

3.1 Factors Contributing to Learning Problems
3.4.1 External factors – Psychological and Educational
3.4.2 Internal factors – Low general ability, Attention, Specific reading,
writing etc.
3.2 Assessment of the child
3.2.1 Case history
3.2.2 Assessment of general abilities
3.3 Remediation
3.3.1 Principles of Guidance Services
3.3.2 Designing remedial strategies.

Unit 4: Guidance for Children with Special Needs

4.1 Meaning, definitions and types of exceptional children
4.2 Gifted and Creative children
4.3 Slow learners and backward children
4.4 Strategies for helping exceptional children to overcome their problems.

Assignments (any one)

1. Case study of a child with special problem.
2. Publication of a career bulletin based on authentic sources of Jobs. Employment
3. Organization of career conference, Campus Interviews, etc.
109
 4. Organization of Counseling session for (Individual / Groups) students who are
genuinely in need of Counseling.
5. Organization of Guidance sessions about services and facilities available in a
school or college.
References

 Adams, J.F.(1965) Counselling and Guidance : A Summary, New York :

The McMillan company Ltd. 

 Aggarwal. J. C. Educational & Vocational Guidance &Counselling. Delhi
:Doaba House. 
 AshaBhatnagar (1999) Guidance and Counselling : Theoretical Perceptive. Vol-
1. 
New Delhi :Vikas Publishing House.
Berki B. G. &Mukhopadhya.B.Guidance&Counselling : A Manual, New
Delhi
: Sterling Publishers.
 Byrne, M. and Sheranian. C (1977), Introduction to Communicative Deriders,
New York: Harper and Row. 

 Cattle, W.C. and Downnie N M (1970) Preparation for Counselling, Eaglewood
Cliffs. N J : Prentice Hall. 
 Hammil, D D and Bartel N R (Eds) (1975) Teaching Children with
Learning andBehavioural Disorder. Boston :Allyn and Bacon.

 Harr, E L and Cramer, S H (1972) Vocational Guidance and Career
Developments inthe Schools: Towards a Systems Approach. Boston : Houghton
Mifflin.
 Jones, A J. (1963) Principles of Guidance. New York: McGraw Hill. 

 Kochhar. S. K Educational & Vocational Guidance in Secondary Schools.
Sterling Publishers : New Delhi. 
 Learner, J.C (1985) Learning Disabilities, Boston, Houghton Miffilin. 

 Lowning, L. N. (1968) Guidance and Counselling Services: Introduction, Mc.
Grow Hill Book Company. 

 Myers, G. Principles and Techniques of Vocational Guidance. New York
110
 :McGraw Hill. 

 Rao. S. N Counselling& Guidance. New Delhi : Tata McGraw Hill. 

 Sharma. S. R. Research in Educational & Vocational Guidance. New Delhi
:Anmol Publications. 
 Shertzer, B E and Peter H J (1965) Guidance: Techniques of Individual Appraisal
andDevelopment. New York : McGraw Hill.

 Traxler, A C and Narh, R D. (1966) Techniques of Guidance. New York :
McGraw Hill. 
 Vashita. S. R Vocational Guidance in Elementary Schools, New Delhi
:Anmol Publications. 

 Warters, J (1960) Group Guidance: Principles and Practices. New York :
McGraw Hill. 

 Weomberg, C (1966) Social Foundations of Guidance. New York : Free Press. 

111
 Optional Subject
Environmental Education

Objectives :Upon completion of the course, the student-teacher will be able to :

1. Understand the concept, significance, scope and terminologies, objectives and
programmes of environmental education.
2. Develop awareness about the various types of pollution, ecological imbalances and
life and contributions of environmental activities.
3. Interpret the environmental legislations in conservation and protection of
theenvironment.

4. Understand the role of governmental and non-governmental agencies in

environmental education.
5. Apply the methods of teaching and evaluation in environmental education.

CONTENT
Unit 1 : Introduction to Environmental Education
1.1 Environmental Education – Concept , Importance and Scope
1.2 Objectives and Principles of Environmental Education.
1.3 Basic Concepts in Environmental Education
1.3.1 Ecology
1.3.2 Eco-System
1.3.3 Ecological Balance
1.3.4 Food Chain
1.3.5 Pollution and Pollutants
1.3.6 Natural Resources
1.3.7 Green House Effect
1.3.8 Bio-degradable and Non-degradable Materials.
3.3.9 Bio-sphere – Bio-Diversity
1.4 National Environment Awareness Campaign ( NEAC)
1.5 Environmental Orientation for School Education ( EOSE)
1.6 Environmental Information System (ENVIS).

Unit 2 : Environment and Pollution

112
 2.1 Meaning of Environment.
2.2 Types of Environment
2.3 Types of Environmental Pollution
2.3.1 Air Pollution : Meaning, causes The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act – 1981.
2.3.2 Water Pollution: Meaning, causes, The Water ( Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act – 1977
2.3.3 Soil Pollution : Meaning, causes, Remedies
2.3.4 Sound Pollution : Meaning, causes , Remedies
2.4 Ecological Imbalances
2.4.1 Deforestation
2.4.2 Soil Erosion
2.4.3 Extinction of Wild life
2.4.4 Depletion of Ozone layer
2.5 Life and Contributions of Environmental Activists.
2.5.1 Mahesh Chandra Mehta
2.5.2 SunderlalBahuguna
2.5.3 Vandana Shiva
2.5.4 Maneka Gandhi
2.5.5 ShivaramKaranth

Unit 3 : Agencies in Environmental Education

3.1 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
3.2 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
3.3 Union Ministry of Environment and Forests.
3.4 Central Pollution Control Board ( CPCB).
3.5 Centre for Environment Education (CEE).
3.6 National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board (NAEB)
3.7 Environment Protection Movements in India.
3.7.1 Chipko Movement
3.7.2 Appiko Movement
3.7.3 Narmada BachaoAndolan (NBA).
3.7.4 Western Ghats Protection Movement

Unit 4: Methods of Teaching Environmental Education

4.1 Direct (Specialized) Approach
4.2 Integrated (Multi-Disciplinary) Approach
113
 4.3 Incidental Approach
4.4 Co-curricular and Extra-Curricular activities.
4.4.1 Project Work.
4.4.2 Intellectual Meets – Seminars, Symposia, Workshops, Conferences,
Group Discussion, Debates, Special Lectures, Brain Storming.
4.4.3 Field Outreach and Extension Activities.
4.4.4 Eco-Clubs / Nature Clubs.
4.4.5 Problem Solving Activities related to Burning Ecological Problems.
4.4.6 Quiz, Poster Making, Models Making and Exhibitions.
4.5 Evaluation in Environmental Education
4.5.1 Formative Evaluation
4.5.2 Summative Evaluation.

Practicum / Assignments (any one)

1. Visit any one of the following organization and prepare a report on the history,
structure, functions and activities
1. District Environment office
2. ParyavaranVahini
3. Eco-clubs /Nature clubs
2. Collect articles published in News Papers / Periodicals concerning environment and
write a critical comment on them.
3. Prepare a Directory of individuals and institutions working for protection of the
purity of the environment in your district / state and document the activities of any
three individuals and three institutions.
4. Collect Twenty Five complaints published in Newspapers/Periodicals concerning
pollution of the environment and suggest plan of action for solution of the
complaints.
5. Prepare an Annotated Bibliography of 50 Websites concerning Environment,
Ecology, Forests, Nature, Environmental Education.
6. Prepare a list of academic courses/programmes run by 50 universities/ educational
institutions about Environmental Science, Environment Education and Ecology,
Environment Engineering etc.
7. Create a Garden in your college and document your experiences.
8. Organizing environment education activities for school students (any two)

114
 Exhibitions, quiz competitions, plays, slogan development, environment skits,
Dramas, Essay and Drawing competitions.
9. Interviewing Ten Environmental Activists championing a genuine environmental
movement and use the recorded interview for creating awareness among 20 families.

References
 Government of India (2001) India–2001–A Reference Annual, New Delhi : Ministry
of Information and Broadcasting. 

 Carson, Sean Mc. B. (1978) Environmental Education–Principles and
Practices, London : Edward, Arnold Publishers. 
 Dash, M. C. (1993) Fundamentals of Ecology, Tata McGraw Hill. 

 Khopkar, S. M. (1995) Environmental Pollution Analysis, New Delhi : New
Age International Pvt. Ltd. 

 Krishamacharyelu, V. and Reddy, G. S. (2000) Environmental Education,
Hyderabad: Neelkamal Publications Pvt. Ltd. 
 Mallik, S. C. and Bhattacharya, D. K. (1986) Aspects of Human Ecology, New
Delhi : Northern Book House. 

 National Council of Educational Research and Training (1981)
EnvironmentalEducation at the School Level, New Delhi.
 Patro, S. N. and Panda, G. K. (1994) Eastern Ghats in Orissa : Environment,
Resourcesand Development, Bhubaneswar : Orissa Environmental Society.

 Purushotham Reddy and Narasimha Reddy, D. (2002) Environmental
Education, Hyderabad :Neelkamal Publications Pvt. Ltd. 
 Saxena, A. B. (1986) Environmental Education, Agra : National
Psychological Corporation. 

 Sharma, R. C. (1981) Environmental Education, New Delhi. 


 Sharma, R. C. (1985) Inter Disciplinary Approaches in Environmental Education,
Paris. 

 Sharma R. K. and. Kaur, H (2000 )Air Pollution, Meerat : Goel Publishing House. 

 Sharma, B. K. and Kaur, H. ( 2000 ) An Introduction to Environmental Pollution,
Meerat : Goel Publishing House. 
 Sharma, B. K. and Kaur, H. (1994) Soil and Noise Pollution, Meerat: Goel Publishing
House. 

 Sharma, J. N. (1991) An Introduction to Water Pollution, Meerat : Krishna
115
 PrakashMandir. 
 UNESCO, Environmental Education–Principles of Teaching and Learning, Paris. 

 ------ (1985) Evaluation of Environmental Education in Schools–A Practical Guide
forTeachers, Paris.
 ------ (1985) Interdisciplinary Approaches in Environmental Education, Paris. 

 ------ (1985) Living the Environment, A Source Book in Environmental Education. 

 ------ (1987) Trends in Environmental Education, Paris. 

 ------ (1985) Guide on Environmental Value Education, Paris. 

116
Optional Subject

117
118
119
 EPC 6 : Understanding the Self
Objectives:

The main aim of this course is to facilitate the development of individuals who can take
responsibility for their own learning and give a conscious direction to their lives.
Students are encouraged to explore and develop through self-reflection a greater insight
into their aims of life, strengths and weaknesses and dynamics of formation of identity
and a true individuality.
Students also develop a capacity for social-relational sensitivity, effective
communication skills and ways to create harmony within one‘s own self and society. The
workshops are also aimed at equipping the students with positive attitudes, attributes and
skills that help in facilitating the personal growth of their own students while teaching.
To help student teachers discover and develop open-mindeness, the attitude of a self-
motivated learner, having self-knowledge and self-restraint.
To help student teachers develop the capacity for sensitivity, sound communication skills
and ways to establish peace and harmony.
To develop the capacity to facilitate personal growth and social skills in their own
students

Unit 1: Exploring the Aim of Life Objectives

• To enable students to develop a vision of life for themselves.
• To encourage students to give conscious direction to their lives to take responsibility for their
actions. • To develop a holistic and integrated understanding of the human self and personality.

WorkshopThemes
• Vision as a person: Aspiration and purpose of life.
• Giving a conscious direction to life.
• Understanding different dimensions of self and personality and way in which they influence
the dynamics of identity formation, values and direction of life.

Unit 2: Discovering one’s True Potential

• To facilitate the personal growth of the students by helping them to identify their own potential
• To develop the power of positive attitude.
• To encourage students to develop the capacity for self-reflection and personal integration.

Workshop Themes
• Understanding one‘s strengths and weaknesses through self observation exercises.
• Taking responsibility for one‘s own actions.
• Developing positivity, self esteem and emotional integration.

120
• Exploring fear and trust; competition and cooperation
• Developing skills of inner self organization and self reflection
• Writing a self-reflective journal

Unit 3: Developing Sensitivity

• To enable students to examine and challenge the stereotypical attitudes and prejudices that
influence identity formation and the process of individuation.
• To encourage students to develop the capacity for perspective taking and appreciating different
points of view.
• To develop sensitivity towards needs of children by connecting with one‟ s own childhood
experiences Workshop Themes • Understand and challenge the unconscious, conditioned
attitudes that are stereotyped and prejudiced (gender, caste, class, race, region, disability etc.)
and critically examine the sources of stereotyped messages (e.g., media).
• Defining consciously one‟ s own values towards self and society and develop a capacity to
understand and appreciate divergent points of view. Widening their realm of consciousness.
• Developing the capacity for empathic listening and communication skills.
• Understanding one‟ s own childhood and adult-child gaps in society.

Unit 4: Peace, Progress and Harmony

• To develop the capacity to establish peace within oneself
• To develop the capacity to establish harmony within a group and methods of conflict
resolution
• To understand the meaning of leadership and develop attitudes and skills of a catalyst
• To understand the basis of social disharmony, the factors those contribute to it and ways to
facilitate change

Workshop Themes
• Establishing peace within oneself: exercises of concentration and meditation
• Understanding group dynamics and communication
• Creating group harmony: exploring methods of creating a collective aspiration for progress and
conflict resolution
• Exploring the bases of social disharmony: becoming the agents and catalysts of change and
exploring methods of facilitating change

Unit 5: Facilitating Personal Growth: Applications in Teaching

• To explore attitudes and methods needed for facilitating personal growth in students

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• To explore ways of integrating the facilitation of personal growth and social skills within the
formal curriculum

Workshop Themes
Becoming a self-reflective practitioner: becoming conscious of one‟ s own attitudes and
communication pattern while teaching.
• Observing children: appreciating social, economic, cultural and individual differences in
children and relating with them
• Exploring and practicing ways to facilitate personal growth and develop social skills in students
while teaching

Mode of Transaction
There is no standard prescribed material for these workshops. The professional experts are
expected to engage with the students with specially designed activities. These could be based on
the facilitator‟ s personal integration and unique individual and group characteristics and are
rooted within the context of student‘s lives and contemporary realities. It is suggested that the
students be given space to explore and articulate their own sense of life and its issues. They can
be encouraged to think a fresh on issues that most closely concern them and use creativity and
imagination to develop a perspective on them. The resource materials are an aid in this process.
The resource materials can also include newspaper/web articles on contemporary concerns and
movies/documentaries and other audio-visual materials. There is a suggested list of resource
materials which should be contextualised and updated periodically. Expertise/ Specialization
required to teach this course Specialists who have conducted personal development workshops
and who have a qualification in clinical and counseling Psychology

Essential Readings
1. Antoine de Saint-Exupery. (1977). The Little Prince. London, UK: Wordsworth Edition
Translated by Irene Testot-ferry (available in Hindi).
2. Dalal, A.S. (2001). Our Many Selves. Pondicherry, India: Sri Aurobindo Ashram.
3. Frankl, V. (1946). Man‘s Search for Meaning. New York: Pocket Books.
4. Joshi, K. (ed) (2005). The Aim of Life.Auroville, India: Saiier.
5. Krishnamurti, J. (1953). Education and the Significance of Life, Ojai, California, USA:
Krishnamurti Foundation Trust.
6. NCERT, (2006). Education for Peace, Position Paper. New Delhi: NCERT. 7. Walk with Me:
A Guide for Inspiring Citizenship Action. (2006). New Delhi: Pravah Pub.
Readings for Discussion 1. Bach, R. (1994). Jonathan Livingston Seagull, London, UK: Harper
Collins Publications.

2. Chatterjee, D. (1998). Leading Consciously, MA, USA: Butterworth-Heinemann.

3. Gibran, K. (1996). The Prophet, Calcutta, India: Rupa& Co.

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4. Gupta, L. (2008). Growing up Hindu or Muslim: How Early does it Happen. Economic and
Political Weekly, 63(6), 35-41.

5. Haldar, B. (2006). A Life Less Ordinary. New Delhi: Penguin Books. Translated by
UrvashiButalia.

6. Hall, E. and Hall, C. (1988). Human Relations in Education. London, UK: Routledge.

7. Joshi, K. (1996). Education for Character Development.DharamHinduja International Centre

for Indic Research.

8. Joshi, P. (2006). Negotiating Identity: Voices of Children with Disabilities in Regular

Schools.Contemporary Education Dialogue. 3(2), 1175-195.

9. Kumar, K. (1986). Growing Up Male, Seminar, No. 318.

10. Seminar, Identity. No. 387, November 1991. New Delhi. 11. UNESCO, (2001). Learning the
Way of Peace: A Teachers‘ Guide to Peace Education. New Delhi: United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Suggested Audio-Visual Resources

1. Aim of Life by Kireet Joshi (DVD) for DVD/facilitation contact

mothersinstitute@hotmail.com

2. Full of Life: A sensitive Japanese Teachers explores feelings, death with 10 year olds.
(http://www.arvindguptatoys.com/films.html)

3. Personality Development (Interactive CD, Computer Only) With Yoga and Guided Meditation
Modules, Indus Quality Foundation

4. The House on Gulmohar Avenue by Samina Mishra (www.cultureunplugged.com)

Advanced Readings 1.Csikzentmihalyi, M. (1993). The Evolving Self: A Psychology for the
Third Millennium. New York: Harper Collins. 2. Dalal, A.S. (1987). Living Within,

ondicherry, India: Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust. 3. Dalal, A.S. (2001). A Greater Psychology.
Pondicherry, India: Sri AurobindoAshram Trust

EPC 7: Understanding of ICT / Report of ActionResearch

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Objectives: Upon the completion of the course the student-teachers will able to:
Develop skill in handling computer and using word documents.

Develop skill in computation, analysis and interpretation of data by using Excel Spread sheets.

Understand the Educational implications of Power Point Presentation and its use in classroom
context.

Understand the applications of Information Technology in the field of teacher education programme
and training.
Practicum :
1. Computer Fundamental
Instructions on operating the Computer
Connecting of all peripherals to CPU for a system
Switching on/off/restart
Inserting/removing a floppy from the floppy drive
Running a file from a floppy using floppy drive
Copying a file from hard disk to floppy disk
Inserting/removing a CD from the CD-ROM drive
Running a file from a CD-ROM using CD-ROM drive
Copying files from one drive to another
Creating a new folder
Running a file from hard disk
Connecting the printer and print out hard copies
2. Exercise in Ms-Word
Creating a new document
Formatting and editing of a document
Inserting pictures, objects, frames and tables
Practicing Mail-Merge facility
Working with the drawing tools
3. Exercise in Ms-Excel
Creating a new worksheet
Inserting and deleting rows/columns in worksheet
Formatting and editing of a document - sorting
Preparation of statement of marks and using of some statistical concepts –
Descriptive Statistics
Preparation of School Time Table
Preparation of Tables
4. Exercise in Ms-Power Point
Preparation of MS-PowerPoint presentation using text, picture, sound, word art,
clipart, and the other available tools with animation
5. Exercise in Information and Communication Technology
Browsing the Internet and down loading – search word using search engine
Working with Multimedia
Receiving/Sending of E mail and attachment

PRACTICAL –DISSERTATION

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1. Objectives of Dissertation

To improve the working condition of educational institution and society.

It is used for the program and betterment of the education and society.
To make the school system effective for generating healthy environment for student
learning.
To save energy and time by undertaking systematic research.

2. Selection of topic :- The following are the areas of education research

Social-cultural Systems, politics, Social change, Student world,
teacher and their problems, Administration and Planning.

3. Review and related literature should be based on the primary and secondary sources.

4. Formulation of Hypothesis

5. Design of the study

Sampling methods: Sample is the part of the strategy of research. The following are
sampling techniques probability and non probability techniques.

Methods are great importance in educational research.

Data collection: The following tools and techniques are used to collecting
Data: Observation, Collection of Opinion, Questionnaire, Interview, Check
List, Rating Scales, Tests, Statistical Methods Difference types tools and
techniques used to collect data.

6. Statistical analysis and interpretation.

7. Summary and conclusion.

8. Appendixes bibliography.

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