I)

0
0 THE KAP 100 AUTOPILOT SYSTEM
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0 The KAP 100 is a single-axis, digital, KI 525A PNI may be chosen instead. (If
0 panel-mounted autopilot designed to incor-
porate substantial pilot workload relief ben-
you are unfamiliar with the operation of a
Pictorial Navigation Indicator (PNI) you
0 efits into a highly affordable system for both should stop here and review the section of
0 light single and twin engine aircraft. the KCS 55A Compass System on page
a The KAP 100 is capable not only of fly-
ing the aircraft in a wings level attitude, but
95.)
The KG 107 is not a slaved system,
0 also of intercepting and tracking headings which’vneans the gyro must be adjusted
and courses. It can fly all of the lateral periodically to correct fqr precession.
0 modes flown by the KAP 150 including The KG lOLdispla+s aircraft magnetic
0 heading hold (HDG), NAV (NAV), approach heading, and radio rfavi&ttion course infor-
0 (APR) and back course (BC).
Like the KAP 150, the KAP 100 comes
mation must be read from the associated
CDI to monitor the horizontal navigation
0 equipped with the King KG 107 directional results of autopilot control movements.
0 gyro as standard equipment, but an option-
al KCS 55A Compass System with a
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 0
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Trim Failure 0
Warninc 0
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Heading
/ Navigate (NAV) Autopilot
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0
Hold (HDG) (VOR/RNAV) Course (BC) Engage (AP ENG) 0
Approach (APR) Self-Test 0
(ILS, VOR or RNAV) 0
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Control Wheel 0
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Mode Autopilot Action
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Attitude Reference Power on and no modes s&ected. KG 258
displaysaircraft attitude and KGS 107 displays 0
unslaved heading. Align headingto magnetic 0
compass by pushing and rotating the knob on
the lower left of the KG 107 and update 0
periodicallyto correct for precession. (With the
optional KCS 55A Compass System, a KI 525A
0
PNI is installedin place of the KG 107. The PNI 0
will display slaved aircraft heading and requires 0
no periodic update.)
Autopilot Engage (AP ENG) Aircraft control surfaces (ailerons) smoothly 0
respond to satisfy the autopilot modes selected
by the pilot. 0
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0
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64
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0 Heading(HDG) Select desired headingon the 'bug' on the
KG 107 (or optional KI 525A), and the autopilot
0 will turn to and maintainthe heading.
0 Navigate (NAV)
(VORmNAV)
With a VOR course (or RNAV on RNAV equipped
aircraft) selected on the CDI or PNI, the autopilot
0 will intercept and track the appropriate course.
0 Approach (APR) With an ILS or VOR (or RNAV) course selected
0 (ILS, VOR or on the CDI or PNI, the autopilot will intercept
RNAV) and track the appropriate ILS localizer only, VOR
or RNAV course.
0
Back Course (BC) With the front course ILS set on the CDI or PNI,
0 the autopilot will capture and track a reverse
0 localizer course.

0 Test Button Depressing the test buttoninitiates a test of the

KAP 100 circuitry includingoperation of the King
0 manual electric trim (if installed). The test must
0 be performedafter turn on before the autopilot
can be engaged.
0
0 Control Wheel This optional feature for the KAP 100 includes
Steering a switch mounted on the control wheel which
(I (CWS) allows you to maneuver the aircraft in the roll axis
0 without disengagingthe autopilot. After the CWS
switch is released, the autopilot resumes control
0 of the aircraft.
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 0
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OPERATING THE KAP I00 SYSTEM 0
0
When initially powered (no modes 0
selected), the KAP 100 will display aircraft
attitude on the KG 258 and unslaved head-
0
ing on the KG 107. Align heading to the 0
magnetic compass by pushing and rotating 0
the knob on the lower left of the KG 107
and update it periodically to correct for pre-
0
cession. 0
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System Self-Test 0
The KAP 100 system incorporates a 0
system self-test function which is activated 0
by a test button on the KC 190 Mode
ControllComputerlAnnunciator. The test
0
must be performed before the autopilot can 0
be engaged. The test determines, before
takeoff, that the system is operating normal-
0
ly. To perform the test, momentarily push 0
the test button: 0
1. All annunciator lights, the trim light and
autopilot light will illuminate. 0
2. The trim light will flash 4 times.* 0
3. The annunciator legends will go blank,
an aural tone will beep (approx. 6
0
times) and the 'AP' light will flash a
(approx. 12-13 times) and go off. (If 0
the AP light fails to flash you will be
unable to engage the autopilot.) a
4. The KC 190 display will go blank. 0
The test checks all digital computing
capability, the disconnect capability of the
0
autopilot, and the failure annunciator sys- 0
tem. CAUTION: If the trim legend flashes
at the end of the test it indicates there is a
0
failure in the King Manual Electric Trim. 0
(See a qualified King Service Agency for 0
repair.)
0
*On systems with King manual electric trim
only.
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66
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0
0 Attitude Reference Mode Attitude Gyro Operation Note: When
0 Of ODeration shutting down the aircraft for short periods
a of time, make sure the Attitude Gyro has
completely spun down before starting oper-
The system will be in the basic attitude
0 reference or "gyro" mode with engine(s) run- ations again. Gyro spin down occurs when
0 ning and aircraft power on, but no modes the air supply is cut off to the gyro and usu-
a selected (annunciator panel blank). Aircraft
heading is shown on the KG 107 and pitch
ally takes about 10 minutes.
During Gyro spin down most gyros
0 and roll attitude on the KG 258 Horizon have a tendency to 'tilt" (precess) to one
Reference Indicator. (When the optional KI side. If the air supply is reapplied to the
525A PNI is installed in place of the KG gyro while in this state, slow gyro erection
0 107, aircraft heading will be shown on the (leveling) will occur due to gyro inertia. If
0 KI 525A.) aircraft operations are initiated before the
e gyro is fully erected, there is a greater pos-
sibility that the gyro may tumble causing
0 loss of primary attitude information from the
Attitude Gyro.
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0 AF

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0 AUTOPILOT (AP) MODE
0 NOTE: The autopilot cannot be engaged
0 and used after power has been applied to
the system until the system self-test has
0 been performed.
0 The autopilot provides single axis (roll)
e stabilization as well as automatic response
to all selected autopilot modes.
0 On initial engagement, with no other
0 autopilot modes selected on the KC 190,
the KAP 100 will fly the aircraft wings level.

0 Warning: Whenever the autopilot is disen-

0 gaged, the AP legend on the annunciator
panel will flash and an aural tone will sound
0 to alert the pilot.
0 NOTE: For system limitations refer to the
a Flight Manual Supplement for your particu-
0 lar aircraft.

0
0
0 67
 t AP
1

HEADING SELECT (HDG) MODE

In the heading mode, the autopilot will
intercept and fly a selected heading. The
following steps should be taken to operate
in the heading mode:
1. Move the heading 'bug" to the desired
heading on the KG 107 using the
heading select knob. (If the optional
KI 525A is installed, set the heading
"bug" on it instead.)
2. Depress the HDG button on the KC 0
190 to engage the heading select
mode. With the autopilot engaged, the
0
autopilot will turn the aircraft in the
shortest direction to intercept and fly
the heading.
3. If you move the heading "bug" again
while the heading select mode is
engaged, the autopilot will immediately
turn the aircraft in the direction of the
new heading.

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a RF III
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0 NAVIGATION (NAV) MODE
0 USING THE KG 107/Kl206
0 INDICATORS (VOR, RNAV)
0 In the navigation (NAV) mode the
0 autopilot intercepts and tracks VOR and
RNAV courses. To operate in the NAV
0 mode (with the KAP 100 currently in HDG
0 mode):
a 1. Tune the frequency for the selected
VOR (or VORTAC) station. For RNAV,
0 set in the waypoint distance and VOR-
TAC radial.
2. Set the OBS to the desired course.
0 3. Depress the NAV button on the KC
0 190. (HDG will remain illuminated and
0 NAV will flash to signify that the NAV
mode is armed.)
0 NOTE: If the NAV mode is selected with the
aircraft level within *4 degrees and within
0 2-3 dots of course deviation, NAV arm
mode will be bypassed and the NAV mode
0 will engage directly.
0 4. Within five seconds, move the heading
0 bug on the KG 107 to the same mag-
netic heading as the selected course
on the CDI.
5. The autopilot will fly an automatic 45
degree intercept heading until within
the capture zone,* then intercept and
fly the desir3d.course. The "HDG" light
will go off and the 'NAV' light will illumi-
nate steadily as the 'NAV" mode goes
from arm to engage.
6. The autopilot will bank as necessary to
maintain course.
P
NOTE: You should consider using HDG select
T h e capture point will vary depending on mode just prior to VOR station passage. If the
the angle of intercept and the rate of autopilot is engaged in NAV mode it may
change of VORFINAV radials. cause erratic maneuvers while following a
rapidly changing course deviation needle as
(See page 84/85 for illustration) the aircraft flies in the cone of confusion.
NOTE: For system limitations refer to the Flight
Manual Supplement for your particular aircraft.

69
MVIG4Tlm IMW MODE USING

k
In the navigation (NAV) mode, the
autopilot intercepts and tracks VOR and
RNAV courses. To operate in the NAV
mode:
1. Tune the frequency for the selected
VOR (or VORTAC) station. For RNAV,
set in the waypoint distance and VOR-
TAC radial.
2. Set the desired course on the KI 525A
PNI.
3. Establish the desired intercept angle
by setting the heading 'bug' on the
intercept heading and activate HDG
mode. The KAP 100 can perform all-
angle intercepts when using the KI
525A PNI. (HDG light will illuminate.)
4. Depress the NAV button on the KC
190. (NAV light will flash to signify that
NAV mode is armed.)
NOTE: If the NAV mode is selected with the
aircraft level within *4 degrees and within
2-3 dots of course deviation, NAV arm
mode will be bypassed and the NAV mode NOTE: You should consider using HDG
will engage directly. select mode just prior to VOR station pas-
sage. If the ahtopilot is engaged in NAV
5. The autopilot will fly the selected
mode it may cause erratic maneuvers while
heading until entering the capture
following a rapidly changiag &ouise devia-
zone,* then turn to intercept the select-
tion needle as the aircraft flies in the cone
ed course. The HDG light will go off
of confusion.
and the NAV light will illuminate steadi-
ly as the NAV mode goes from arm to
engage.
6. The autopilot will bank as necessary to
maintain course.
*The capture point will vary depending on
the angle of intercept and the rate of
change of VORRNAV radials.

(See page 86/87 for illustration)

70
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0
8 APPROACH (APR) MODE
USING THE KG 107/Kl206
0 INDICATORS
0
0 The approach (APR) mode allows the
autopilot to intercept and track ILS localizer,
0 or VOR or RNAV courses. To operate in the
e APR mode (with the KAP 100 currently in
HDG mode):
0
1. Tune the frequency for the selected
0 ILS, VOR or RNAV approach.
0 2. Set the OBS to the final approach
0 course (front course for ILS even when
flying a reverse course approach).
0 3. Check the heading displayed on the
0 KG 107 against the magnetic compass
and reset if necessary.
0 4. Depress the "APR' button on the KC
0 190 (HDG will remain illuminated and
APR will flash to signify that APR mode
0 is armed).
0 NOTE: If the APR mode is selected with the
0 aircraft level within *4 degrees and within
0 2-3 dots of course deviation, APR arm
mode will be bypassed and the APR mode
0 will engage directly.
0 5.Within five seconds, move the heading
0 'bug" on the KG 107 to the same mag-
0 netic heading as the selected course
on the CDI. L, .-
0 6.The autopilot will fly an automatic 45
0 degree intercept heading until within
the capture zone, then intercept and fly
0 the desired course. The "HDG' light
0 will go off and the 'APR' light will illumi-
nate steadily as the APR mode goes
0 from arm to engage.
0 7.The autopilot will bank as necessary to
0 maintain the localizer or approach
course.
0
NOTE: For system limitations refer to your
0 Flight Manual Supplement.
0 (See page 80/8lfor illustration)
0
0 71
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 0
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APPROACH (APR) MODE USING
0
THE OPTIONAL KI 525A PNI 0
0
The approach (APR) mode allows the
autopilot to intercept and track ILS (localiz-
0
er only), VOR and RNAV courses. To oper- 0
ate in the APR mode:
1. Tune the frequency for the selected
0
ILS, VOR or RNAV approach. 0
2. Set the final approach course on the 0
KI 525A PNI.
3.Establish the desired intercept angle 0
by setting the heading 'bug' on the 0
intercept heading and activate the
HDG mode.
0
4. Depress the "APR' button on the KC 0
190 (APR light will flash to signify that
APR mode is armed).
0
0
NOTE: If the APR mode is selected with
the aircraft level within i4 degrees and 0
within 2-3 dots of course deviation, APR 0
arm mode will be bypassed and the APR
mode will engage directly.
0
5. The autopilot will fly the selected head-
0
ing until entering the capture zone, 0
then turn to intercept the course. The 0
"HDG' light will go off and the 'APR'
light will illuminate steadily as the APR
0
mode goes from arm to engage. 0
6. The autopilot will bank as necessary to
maintain course.
0
(See page 82/83 for illustration)
0
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72
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0 1~ BACK COURSE (BC) MODE
USING THE KG 107/Kl 206
0 INDICATORS
0
In the back course (BC) mode the
0 autopilot intercepts and tracks a reverse
0 course ILS. To operate in the BC mode
0 (with the KAP 100 currently in the HDG
mode):
0 1. Tune the frequency for the selected ILS
0 back course.
2. Select the back course mode by either
0 depressing the APR button and then
0 the BC button, or by merely depress-
ing the BC button itself.
0 3. Within five seconds, move the heading
0 'bug' on the KG 107 to the same mag-
0 netic heading as the selected front
course (090 degrees in this example).
0 The 'HDG' light will remain illuminated,
0 and the 'APR' light will flash to signify
that the APR mode is armed.
0
NOTE: If the BC APR mode is selected with
0 the aircraft level within *4 degrees and
0 within 2-3 dots of course deviation, BC APR
0 arm mode will be bypassed and the BC
APR mode will engage directly.
0
4. The autopilot will fly an automatic 45
0 degree intercept heading until within
0 the capture zone, then intercept and
fly the desir& &urse, which will be a
0 reciprocal to the front course. The
0 'HDG" light will go off and the 'APR'
0 light will illuminate steadily as the BC
mode goes from arm to engage.
0 5. The autopilot will bank as required to
0 maintain course. Automatic crosswind
compensation will provide precise
0 tracking.
0 NOTE: For system limitations refer to your
0 Flight Manual Supplement.
0 (See page 76/77 for illustration)
0
0
0
0
 0
0
0
0
0

I
0
0
I 0
0
0
BACK COURSE (BC) MODE 0
USING THE OPTIONAL KI
525A PNI 0
0
In the back course (BC) mode the
autopilot intercepts and tracks a reverse
0
course ILS. To operate in the BC mode: 0
1, Tune the frequency for the selected
ILS back course.
0
2. BE CERTAIN TO SET IN THE ILS 0
FRONT COURSE EVEN THOUGH YOU 0
WILL BE FLYING A RECIPROCAL
HEADING ON AN ILS BACK COURSE 0
APPROACH. FOR EXAMPLE, A BC 0
APPROACH MIGHT HAVE A FRONT
COURSE OF 090 DEGREES WHICH
0
YOU WILL SET IN AS YOU FLY A 0
BACK COURSE HEADING OF 270
DEGREES TO RUNWAY 27.
0
3. Establish the desired intercept angle 0
by setting the heading 'bug' on the 0
intercept heading and activate the
HDG mode. ('HDG' light will illumi-
0
nate.) 0
4. Select the back course mode by either I 0
depressing the 'APR' button and then
the BC button, or by merely depress- 0
ing the BC button itself. (HDG will 0
remain illuminated, BC will illuminate, 5. The autopilot will fly the selected head-
and APR will flash to signify that APR ing until entering the capture zone, 0
mode is armed.) then turn to intercept the course. The 0
'HDG" light will go brr ahd the 'APR'
NOTE: If the BC APR mode is selected with
light will illuminate steadily as the BC
0
the aircraft level within *4 degrees and
within 2-3 dots of course deviation, BC APR
mode goes from arm to engage. 0
arm mode will be bypassed and the BC
6.The autopilot will bank as required to
maintain course. Automatic crosswind
0
APR mode will engage directly.
compensation will provide precise 0
(See page 78/79 for illustration) tracking. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
74
 MANUAL ELECTRIC TRIM CONTROL WHEEL STEERING
(OPTIONAL) (C WS) MODE (OPTIONAL)
Manual electric trim can be obtained Control wheel steering is included as
as an option with the KAP 100. This will part of the King Manual Electric Trim option
make it easier for the pilot to trim off eleva- with the KAP 100. It allows the pilot to
tor control surface pressures. maneuver the aircraft in the roll axis without
disengaging the autopilot.
To use control wheel steering (CWS),
depress the CWS button on the yoke. This
releases the autopilot roll servo and allows
you to assume manual control while the
autopilot functions are placed in a synchro-
nization state. This means that when you
release the CWS button, the autopilot will
0 smoothly resume control of the aircraft and
fly it to the lateral command you were using
prior to engaging CWS.
NOTE: For system limitations refer to your
Flight Manual Supplement.

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Long Range Nav Tracking *-
KAP 100 System 0
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*-- ----

N
A

Objective: Intercept the desired courba and complete a 'direct to' operation after passiny wdy-
point "B'while coupled to a Long Range Nav.
e
0
' A ' 0
+--tu*
e
@
0
0
0
L -- @

1. The aircraft is engaged in

Heading (HDG) and
2. As the aircraft crosses way-
point 'E, the Heading Bug,
L
3. The akraft changes the
active waypoint 'D" via a
0
e
0
Altitude Hold (ALT) mode.
A flight plan from waypoint
which acts as the course
pointer in NAV mode, must
'direct to" operation with the
Long Range Nav. The
0
'A" to 'B to "C' is entered in be rotated to reflect the Heading Bug must be 0
the Long Range Nav. NAV
Arm is activated by press-
course or bearing to the
new active waypoint (135'
rotated to 225" to reflect
the bearing to "D". The
0
ing the NAV button. The in this case). autopilot will then correctly e
Heading Bug, which acts track the course to way-
as the course pointer, is point 'D". 0
then selected within five
seconds to 090". The
a
autopilot commands a 060 NOTE: In order for the KAP 100 to track the course in NAV
intercept until coupled. mode, the heading bug on the KG 107 must be set at the
uponcoupling, the Desired Track or OBS setting indicated by the Long Range
lot tracks the L~~~R~~~~ Nav. Moving the OBS on the CDI does not affect movement 0
Nav. or location of the Left/Right D-Bar, but only provides a course
reference.
aa