BIOLOGY - CHAPTER : 01
POLLUTION
SOMETHING THAT IS MORE DANGEROUS THAN COVID-19
WHAT IS WASTE ??
SACCHI WALA DEFINITION
• Waste is any unwanted or undesired material or substance resulting from industrial,
commercial mining, and agricultural operations, and from community activities.
• Types of waste
1) Bio-Degradable
2) Non Bio-Degradable
PLEASE IGNORE THE PREVIOUS SLIDE
• Bio-degradable wastes are those substances which can be broken down by micro-organisms
into harmless and non toxic substances.
• This includes animal and agricultural waste, like for eg, Dung, Leaves, Kitchen Left overs.
Bio Degradable Waste
• Non- Biodegradable wastes are those substances which cannot be broken down by micro-
organisms.
• This includes plastic, metallic cans, glass, electronic waste [E-waste], and accumulation of large
amount of this kind of waste results in pollution.
Non Biodegradable waste
WHAT IS POLLUTION
POLLUTION
• Pollution is addition of any constituent to air, water or land which deteriorates( degrades or
spoils) natural quality of environment.
• And the constituent is called POLLUTANT
TYPES OF POLLUTIONS
• AIR POLLUTION
• WATER POLLUTION
• SOIL POLLUTION
• RADIATION POLLUTION
• NOISE POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION Air Pollution Means Degradation of Air
quality which harmfully affects the
living organisms or certain objects
TYPES SOURCES
GASEOUS PARTICULATE MANMADE NATURAL
VEHICULAR INDUSTRIAL BURNING BRICKS
GARBAGE KILNS
-Motor Cycles, trucks and MEASURE TO -Huge Sugar Factories, automobile After the process of
buses CONTROL THAT factories, metal factories. Burning Garbage leads to completion of brick formation,
-Run on Petrol and diesel - EFFICIENT ENGINES - Exhaust CO2, SO2, CO formation of harmful gases like large quantity of ash and
-Exhaust 3 main gaseous - GOOD QUALITY FUEL and also oxides of Nitrogen CO2. broken bricks is considered as
pollutants, CO2, SO2, CO - LEAD FREE PETROL Smoke released by Chimneys is biggest The smoke given out by
-Also wearing of rubber - USE OF CNG waste.
factor for particulate air pollution burning adds to Particulate
tyres Pollution
-Speeding leads to spread Lot of smoke and heat is given
of dust particles in the air out during the process, are the
pollutants
Google - 1) Assam Oil Well fire
2) Australian Bushfire
WATER POLLUTION Water pollution means any change in
the water quality which makes it
unsuitable for use by humans and by
other living organisms
SOURCES
Household Industrial Oil Thermal
Detergents SEWAGE waste Spills Pollution
-Sewage is the liquid waste Many industries using water for
Every home uses from domestic activities. Liquid waste material cooling their machineries.
Accidental discharge of
detergent to wash and -Kitchen, toilet and other produced by factory is petroleum in oceans
Clean clothes and household waste water called effluent and it is this hot warm water may be 8-10
utensils. -Cities have sewage treatment commonly discharged
This dirty water flows Sources of Oil spills are degree warmer than the intake.
plant, but villages still release into nearby rivers
down the drain overturned tankers, off
it in nearby water body this warm water is then released
shore oil mining, and oil
-Ashes after cremation are Industries near sea in nearby streams and rivers.
refineries
very commonly immersed into cost release waste in
rivers sea This affects the aquatic life
Google - 1) Russia Oil Spill
2) Lake view gusher oil spill
SOIL POLLUTION Soil Pollution means decaying or
degradation of quality of soil
SOURCES
Industrial Chemical BIOMEDICAL Pesticides
wastes UC and D Fertilisers Waster
Waste Pesticides such as DDT, which
In addition to gaseous are used to kill pests, alter the
pollutants and chemical water, Fertilisers are used to increase Needles, syringes, dirty clothes,
Plastic Bag, glass bottles, the speed of growth of the crop Discarded medical tablets and basic structure of soil and kill
they also give out much solid electric bulb, kitchen waste all microorganisms in it and also
waste and increase the yield. powders.
this is called solid waste. reach human body through food
Excessive use of Fertilisers is Such waste often reaches the grown in such soils.
this waste are in form of All this are collected and
chemical residues, metallic ash , harmful. soil and may cause harm to soil
FLYASH. dumped into sanitary landfills. organisms reducing the quality
Fertilisers are slowly washed of soil Killing of Micro-organisms
away in rains and reach lake and reduce the quality of soil
Google - FLYASH pond. They lead to faster
growth of bacteria in water
which consumes lot of oxygen
and resulting the death of fishes
Google - 1) Soil Contamination - Tamilnadu
NOISE POLLUTION Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise
or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with
ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal
life, most of them harmful to a degree.
SOURCES Industrial -Interferes in
Machines Effects Communication
- Less Concentration
- Lowers efficiency
Radio and TV - Disturbs Sleep
- Damage Ear Drum
- Bird Life
Workshops Musical bands &
Loudspeakers
Measures to minimise
Vehicles on
Street - Prohibiting blowing of Horns
- Restriction on Loud Speakers
- Planting trees on roadside
- Not to burn fire crackers
Aircrafts
RADIATION POLLUTION
Radiation is the form of
energy consisting of high
energy particle.
SOURCES
Carelessly
X-Ray Nuclear Discarded
Radiation Radioactive
Material
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