Asian Social Science; Vol. 15, No.

2; 2019
ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025
Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education

Usrah Approach of Drug Addiction Treatment in a Fishermen

Community: Psychology of Da’wah Perspective
Wan Hanis Aisyah Wan Rosdi1, Zawawi Yusoff1, Nasir Mohamad1, Shafie Hamzah1, Siti Anis Nuraida Masaud1
1 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Gong Badak, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu,
Malaysia Correspondence: Wan Hanis Aisyah Wan Rosdi. E-mail: hanisaisyah30@yahoo.com.my

Received: November 29, 2018 Accepted: December 7, 2018 Online Published: January 30, 2019
doi:10.5539/ass.v15n2p142 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n2p142

Abstract
The Psychology of da’wah (making an invitation) is part of the Islamic psychology approach based on the Al-
Quran and Al-Sunnah. Da’wah in terms is invites people to do something benefit and abstain from evil.
Psychology of da’wah is a part used in the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addiction to the drug addict. This
article discusses the usrah (a meeting involving Islamic religious activities) approach as a means of assisting
drug addict in fishermen communities to reduce addiction. The method used in this article is a qualitative study
of past documentary literature review analysis and library document analysis. The result of the previous studies
show that the psychology of da’wah through the usrah approach is one of the method to implement for
rehabilitate the drug addict who ia a muslim. This is because this approach ia a based on Islamic teachings which
has been implemented by the Messenger Muhammad Pbuh.
Keywords: psychology of da’wah, drug addict, fishermen, Islamic teachings, usrah
1. Introduction
The fishermen community in Malaysia is a group of people who carry out marine harvesting activities either
through modern or traditional methods (Zaimah et al., 2015) . Their dependence on marine has let them to less
chance of developing life and increasing revenue. Moreover, it brings them to an eternal poor life (Sa'at, 2011).
The poverty and low educational level is a one of factor that the fishermen’s community to be susceptible in drug
addiction (Ismail et al., 2017). The fishermen’s community is a poor, low-income community and is marginalizes
from modern society groups (Sa'at, 2011). Due to the poverty factor, the society in this community is vulnerable
to social problems such as drug addiction (Ismail et al., 2017). According to Colman (2015), drug addict in
fishermen communities are high-risk group with HIV infection in Malaysia. This is because the fishermen are
vulnerable groups with unhealthy activities due to lack of knowledge regarding social problems (Shamsudin &
Mohamed, 2013). There is no doubt that fishermen are their cultural but in modern times these external
influences have become a major cause for the problem of drug addiction among fishermen until they gradually
affected in the drug addiction problem (Fischer, 2015).
Addiction is a big issue today’s in society. According to Mohammad Aziz Shah et al. (2013) addiction is a high
desire for something. According to Khairunneezam Mohd. Noor et al. (2015) addiction is an uncontrolled desire
by an individual towards something that cause physical harm to the soul. Additionally, drug addict from medical
point of view refers to a person who relies on the use of substances that can cause addiction. The addictive effect
to individuals is a change of their emotions and behaviors and will detrimental effect to the addictive substances,
they may experience adverse effect on the body such as nausea and vomiting, fear, muscle aches, fever, difficulty
in sleep and diarrhea (American Psychiatric Association, 2016). As noted by Lua Pei Lin & Nor Samira (2012) if
addiction in not treated the addict will be physically and psychological dependent such as causing symptoms or
withdrawal and experiencing ‘longing’ to use drugs continuously.
In Malaysia, there are various addictive treatments that have been implemented such as the construction of the
government, private centers and rehabilitation center (Ismail, 2010). Among the successful treatment and
rehabilitation on that has been well executed is through a spiritual approach as the treatment strategy
implemented in ‘Pondok Inabah’ (Aishah et al., 2013). The spiritual approach used in the ‘Pondok Inabah’ for
treating addiction is to cleanse the soul through obligatory worship, repentance concept, dhikir prayer, guidance
of Quran and fardhu ain (comulsory things) (Ghani & Adam, 2014). Therefore, this article will examine the
addiction treatment with the usrah approach from a psychological perspective of da’wah that can be used to help

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people with drug problem especially among fishermen.

2. Psychology Concept
Psychology in terms is in the study of the mind (mental process) and thinking is a one of the main mental process
(Colman, 2015). In Malaysia, a psychology of da’wah approach through a counseling program has been
implemented to restore addiction to drug rehabilitation centers (Mustaffa, Ahmad, & Kadir, 2006). Psychological
treatment help the addict to have an optimistic thinking of the future, have high self-control, risk-taking ability
and have the ability to handle stress (Ibrahim et al., 2009). Among the psychological approaches used in drug
rehabilitation centers in the recovery of addiction is to train them to hate drugs, find other ways to replace drugs,
strengthen the desire to stay from drugs and manage stress without taking (Ismail et al., 2017). This
psychological method is important to be practiced by all Muslims in carrying out da’wah activities for those who
slipped from the Islamic foundation (Ibrahim et al., 2009).
3. Da’wah Concept
Da'wah in the term intends to bring about good by making changes to a better situation in all aspects of life based
on the true teachings of Islam (Hanan, 2016). Based on the development of Messenger Muhammad Pbuh mission
history, he has carried out da'wah activities by inviting the Jahiliyyah’s people toward Allah (Ishak, 2011).
Among the da’wah approaches used by Messenger Muhammad Pbuh in delivering da’wah to the Jahiliyyah’s
people in Makkah was to initiate da’wah activities in hiding at the Al-Arqam Bin Abi Al-Arqam house while the
Messenger Muhammad Pbuh selivered the first da’wah in secret at Makkah. At the time, the Messenger
Muhammad Pbuh only preached to the family, friends, salves and children (Kusumawati, 2016). Now, the
methodology of da’wah is still being carried out by Islamic organizations and is applied in the spiritual programs
by usrah groups (Mokhtar et al., 2017).
4. Usrah Concept
Usrah can be defined as a method to develop individuals in a planned a gradual manner based on certain goals as
an effort to solve the problem if ummah (Muslim’s) practically and sunnah including the condition of the ummah
in terms of their fikrah or thinking (Mustari and Salleh, 2010). The effective ways of implementing usrah will be
able to guide the Muslim, strengthen the ukhwah (family bond) (Gordani & Don, 2017).
Hence, this usrah approach is important to help drug addicts become real Muslims because the religious
approach is the best way to guide their souls so as not return to take the drug (Adabi et al., 2010). Therefore, the
usrah concept was important because the approach of Islamic religious is the best way to give the souls so as not
return to the drug addiction (Muhamad et al., 2015). Next, according to Siti Norlina Binti Muhamad et al. (2015)
the main thing in this concept of drug addict is to create awareness and strength to change their self in a better
direction. Besides, the drug addict will be able to better understand the religion of Islam and strive to keep away
from drug.
5. Psychology of Da’wah in the Usrah
From the discussion above the psychology of da’wah is a combination of two concepts namely psychology and
da’wah . According to Faizah, Effendi & H. Lalu Muchsin (2006), psychology of da’wah is the science that
studies that studies the symptoms of human psychological life involved in the process of da’wah activities. Thus,
usrah a one of the da’wah by combining the psychological concept in three main transmission of the usrah such
as taaruf (introduction), tafahum (understanding) and takaful (accessbility help) (Sham & Nazim, 2015). These
three methods serve as a guideline in providing a psychilogical approach to da’wah to help drug addict
strengthen themselves and stay together with their groups who have the same limitations, situations and
experiences with each other among group of usrah itself (Husin & Othman, 2010).
6. Ta’aruf (Introduction)
Ta’aruf means introduction and become the first method in usrah to create a brotherhood relationship by
knowing ourselves and members of the usrah group (Sham & Nazim, 2015). The drug addict needs to feel
brotherhood between one another and they are prohibited to create a senario that can affect the situation within
the group (Sham, Ibrahim, & Endot, 2000). The concept helps them to feel brotherhood bonds based on affection
for one another because the addicts are often marginalized people and their families (al-Azhari, 2009).
7. Tafahum (Understanding)
According to Fariza Md Sham & Azyyati Mohd Nazim (2015) understanding or tafahum in the form of
reconciliation refers to the understanding among members in the group of usrah, which is to accept the
advantages and disadvantages of the members. Once an understanding exists, members of the usrah group can

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interact well with each other in the group during the implementation of the program. The usrah’s members can
give opinion, advice and even the reprimad, thus giving birth to love and affection between them. The addicts
needs strength and persistent social support from groups such as family members, neighbors and communities to
recover from being addicted (Mohamed, 2006). It is supported by Fariza Md Sham & Azyyati Mohd Nazim
(2015) that the tafahum concept in the group of usrah can be strengthening the sense of bonding of the
brotherhood. This method can also help the addicts continue to change and start a new life.
8. Takaful (Accessibility Help)
The third metod according to Fariza Md Sham & Azyyati Mohd Nazim (2015) takaful is a helping concept
without allowing members or the usrah group to bear im facing the challenges of life. The drug addicts are the
ones that need to be assisted by the individuals who are around it while undergoing an rehabilitation treatment.
Without support and help, it is likely that recovered drug addicts will return to the relapse (Fauziah Ibrahim e. al.,
2009). Members of the usrah group are not only together and understand the addicts, but are also willing to help
without tears in the addiction recovery process (Jusoh et al., 2015). The takaful approach is recommended in any
treatment and rehabilitation (Kaur, Mohd, & Nazar, 2009). This is because they need the support of individuals
who are ready to help in continuing their efforts to recover from addiction and remain in existing programs
(Tunggak et al., 2015). The previous research by Buerah Tunggak et al. (2015) shows that every member of usrah
cares about all his other by the visiting practices and helping during any difficulty. Therefore, takaful plays a role
for every members work togather in group and give support such as motivation, financial assistance, protection,
advice, joint responsibility to continue their efforts to and continue the treatment (Ibrahim et al., 2009).

9. Methods of Appreciating the Psychology of Da’wah in the Usrah

This method allows us to inviting drug addicts to believe in God and surrender the life of the world regardless of
the circumstances. It can be seen in three dimensions:
First: The appreciation of Islamic da’wah through the usrah approach can be presented wisely to the drug addicts
return to the path he approves (Muhamad et al., 2015).
Second: The teaching through the usrah approach is more readily understood and practiced in life because it not
only understands the members of the group but also willingly helps towards a better process (Dardaa et al.,
2014).
Third: Third: Da'wah dakwah gradually through usrah approach can increase the conviction and taqwa from the
addict to Allah, encouraging them to keep them from being addicted (Sham & Nazim, 2015).
10. Conclusion
This article discusses the usrah approach to drug addicts is one of the processes that can be used to restore
addiction. In addition, the psychology of da'wah is also applied in usrah to guide a person to behave well and
encourage them to strive to be good Muslims. Psychological approaches in da'wah are also applied in the usrah
approach to realizing the feeling of being a good person, helping and transforming them in a better way. The
psychological approach of da'wah in usrah is also used to preserve them and continue treatment of drug addiction
to prevent them from being trapped again in drug addiction as before. In addition, the method used in usrah is
dependent on the counselor's presentation to other members in usrah by giving advice, giving guidance, always
commemorating our efforts to always do good deeds and strive to abandon something that is not allowed by
religion. In addition they also need to educate members of usrah in maintaining human relationships. Counselors
also need to show a good example for usrah as a guide to them. The da'wah psychological approach is very
important for drug addicts to avoid and not repeat past mistakes.
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