Question of social ethics
1. What is the kohlberg’s theory and its level for moral development?
Kohlbergs theory has three distinct levels of moral reasoning each with two sub stages.
People can only pass through these levels in the order listed. Each new stage replaces the
reasoning typical of the earlier stage. Not everyone achieves all the stages.
Level I: Preconventional/Premoral
Level II: Conventional/Role Conformity
Level III: Postconventional/Self-Accepted Moral Principles
2. What is the responsibility and its type?
In practice engineers’ Responsibilities include much more than preventing and
responding to accidents. In fact, during professional career of an engineer there are many
responsibilities.
Responsibilities include both
Internal – responsibilities to employers and
External – responsibilities to the outside world
3. Types of Authorities and example of responsibility?
Authority can be defined as the legal right to command action by others and to enforce
compliance.
The authority fixes the personal responsibility and accountability uniquely on each
person. This is necessary to ensure progress in action.
Types of authorities:
1. Institutional authority
2. Expert Authority
4. Whistle blowing? Focal areas for person before whistle blowing?
Whistle blowing in its most general form involves calling (public) attention to wrong
doing, typically in order to avert harm. Whistle blowing is an attempt by a member or
former member of an organization to disclose wrong doing in or by the organization.
Focal Areas for a person before whistle Blowing
1. Is the situation of sufficient moral importance to justify whistle-blowing?
2. Do you have all the facts and do you properly understand their significance?
3. Have all internal channels and steps short of whistle-blowing been exhausted?
4. What is the best way to blow the whistle?
5. What is my responsibility in view of my role within the organization?
6. What are the chances for success?
5. Stage for whistle blowing?
Stage one – Is there a potential whistle blowing scenario?
Stage two – Seriousness test
Stage three – Reality check
Stage four – Becoming aware of the big picture
Stage five – Forcing management recognition of the problem
Stage six – Taking the problem to upper management
Stage seven – Going outside the organization
Stage eight – Living with the results
6. Types of Whistle blowing? And for what we should whistle blowing?
There are two types
Internal: it is blowing the whistle inside the organization. For example designated
officer, workers or bosses in the same organization.
External: blowing the whistle to law enforcement agencies or to teams worried with the
matters for example Lawyers, Mass media, law enforcement.
And for what we should whistle blowing
Illegal or unlawful
Un procedural conduct
Unethical conduct.
Mistreatment
Discrimination
Mental or Sexual Abuse
7. What is profession and its type?
A profession is any occupation that provides means by which to earn a living.
Types of professions are advanced expertise, self-regulation, and public good.
8. What is the sense of corporate responsibility?
9. Moral frame work and its type?
An ethical theory is a comprehensive perspective on morality that clarifies, organizes and
guides moral reflections.
There are 5 types of ethical theories that have been especially influential:
Virtue ethics
Rights ethics
Duty ethics
Utilitarianism
Self-realization ethics
10.Samuel Florman’s and alasder’s theory?
Samuel Florman is famous for his celebration of the existential pleasures of engineering,
that is, the deeply rooted and elemental satisfactions in engineering that contribute to
happiness.
Whereas an emphasis on the good of community is found in Alasdair MacIntyre's
emphasis on public-spirited virtues in thinking about professions. MacIntyre conceives of
professions as valuable social activities, which he calls social practices.
11.What are the liberty right and welfare rights?
Liberty rights are rights to exercise our liberty, and they place duties on other people not
to interfere with our freedom.
Welfare rights are rights to benefits needed for a decent human life, when we cannot earn
those benefits, perhaps because we are severely handicapped, and when the community
has them available.
12.What are the duty ethics and Immanuel Kant duties type?
Duty ethics say that right actions are those required by duties to respect the liberty or
autonomy (freedom) of individuals.
One duty ethicist suggests the following list of important
duties:
Do not kill
Do not cause pain.
Do not disable.
Do not deprive of freedom.
Do not deprive of pleasure.
Do not deceive.
Keep your promises.
Do not cheat.
Obey the law.
Immanuel Kant(1724-1804), the most famous duty ethicist, argued that all such specific
duties derive from one fundamental duty to respect persons.
Persons deserve respect because they are moral agents capable of recognizing and
voluntarily responding to moral duty.
Kant emphasized that duties are universal.
They apply equally to all persons.
13.What is Utilitarianism and Intrinsic good?
14.Self-realization and motives of community?
15.Rand’s arguments?
16.What is persuastion?
17.Types of Communication? And which type of communication is better?
18.What is validity and reliability
19.Types of research? And sampling of its type
20.What is the role of manager in communication
21.What is ethical egoism
22.What are the occupational crimes? With example
23.How to blow whistle? And common mistakes by whistle blowers?
Do it anonymously
let the evidence speak for itself and protect yourself if possible
Do it in a group
charges have more weight and won’t seem like a personal dispute.
Present just the evidence
leave interpretation of facts to others.
Work through internal channels
start with your immediate supervisor or follow the standard reporting
procedure
Work through external channels
go public (biggest risk)
Common Mistakes:
Trusting too much
Not having enough evidence
Using the wrong style
Not waiting for the right opportunity
Not building support
Playing the opponent’s game
Not knowing when to stop
24.Why all ethicist reject Kant’s absolutism?
25.Egbert Schuurman standard principles of self-realization on
technology?
