Answers to written exercises
Chapter i
1 i) BBC (BBC Pronunciation); ii) RP (Received Pronunciation); iii) GB (General
British)
2 Accent is concerned only with pronunciation differences, while dialect refers
to all language variation including grammatical and lexical factors.
3 stress
4 a) three ( I )
AV b) three ( h a : f ) c) four(nst)
d) five (Jrirjk) e) two(oit)
Chapter 2
1 a) Soft palate or velum
b) Alveolar ridge
c) Front of tongue
d) Hard palate
e) Lower lip
2 a) Close back rounded
b) Close-mid front unrounded
c) Open front unrounded
d) Close front unrounded
a) e e) o
b) A f) n
c) o g) ae
d) i h) e
200
Answers to written exercises 201
2 a) n: d) 3: g) 3:
b) 0: e) u: h) i:
c) a: f) i: i) 3 :
3 a) ao d) ei g) e s
b) ai e) is h) ai
c) au f) 31 i) ei
Chapter 4
1 You will obviously not have written descriptions identical to the ones given
below. The important thing is to check that the sequence of articulatory events is
more or less the same.
a) goat
Starting from the position for normal breathing, the back of the tongue is raised
to form a closure against the velum (soft palate). The lungs are compressed to
produce higher air pressure in the vocal tract and the vocal folds are brought
together in the voicing position. The vocal folds begin to vibrate, and the back of
the tongue islowered to allow thecompressed air to escape. The tongue is moved
to amid-central vowel andthen moves in the direction of a closer, backer vowel:
the lips are moderately rounded for the second part. The tongue blade
is raised to make a closure against the alveolar ridge, the vocal folds are sepa
rated and voicing ceases. Then the compressed air is released quietly and the lips
return to an unrounded shape.
b) ape
The tongue is moved slightly upward and forward, and the vocal folds are
brought together to begin voicing. The tongue glides to a slightly closer and
more central vowel position. Then the lips are pressed together, making a
closure, and at the same time the vocal folds are separated so that voicing
ceases. The lips are then opened and the compressed air is released quietly,
while the tongue is lowered to the position for normal breathing.
2 a) beik d) bo:t g) bo:d
b) gsot e) tik h) gu:d
c) daot f) bau i) pi:
202 Answers to written exercises
Chapter 5
a) speed sp i:d [spi:d]
b) partake pa:tei [pha ' t heik]
c) book kbuk [bok]
d) goat gsut [gput]
e) car ka: [k ha: ]
f) bad beed a [b£ed]
g) appeared p ia d [aphi3d]
h) toast taus [th3USt]
i) stalk t stDik [stD’k]
Chapter 6
a) fijiz e) 3tf i:v
b) J e i v a f) Adsz
c) siksG g) m e 3 3
d) di:z h) a h e d
Starting from the position for normal breathing, the lower lip is brought into
contact with the upper teeth. The lungs are compressed, causing air to flow
through the constriction, producing fricative noise. The tongue moves to the
position for i. The vocal folds are brought together, causing voicing to begin,
and at the same time the lower lip is lowered. Then the tongue blade is raised to
make a fairly wide constriction in the post-alveolar region and the vocal folds
are separated to stop voicing; the flow of air causes fricative noise. Next, the
vocal folds are brought together to begin voicing again and at the same time the
tongue is lowered from the constriction position into the i vowel posture. The
tongue blade is then raised against the alveolar ridge, forming a constriction
which results in fricative noise. This is initially accompanied by voicing, which
then dies away. Finally, the tongue is lowered from the alveolar constriction,
the vocal folds are separated and normal breathing is resumed.
Chapter 7
Plosives: ptkbdg
Fricatives: f0sjhvdz3
Affricates: t j d3
Nasals: mng
Lateral: 1
Approximants: rwj
(This course has also mentioned the possibility of g and m.)
a) SQufo c) s ti a r ig
b) V3is d) bredkrAm
Answers to w ritten exercises 203
e) s k w e a g) b a it
f) asrjga h) n a in t im
3 a) The soft palate is raised for the b plosive and remains raised for ae. It is
lowered for n, then raised again for the final a.
b) The soft palate remains lowered during the articulation of m, and is then
raised for the rest of the syllable.
c) The soft palate is raised for the ae vowel, then lowered for rj. It is then
raised for the g plosive and remains raised for the 1.
Chapter 8
a) PRE- POST- POST
INITIAL INITIAL INITIAL PEAK FINAL FINAL
s k w i: 1 d
ONSET PEAK CODA
(It would be possible to treat 1as pre-final and d as final, but the above analysis
is slightly preferable in that d here is a suffix and we know that 1 occurs finally
in ‘squeal’ sk w i:l .)
b) POST- POST
FINAL FINAL1 FINAL 2
ei t 0 s
PEAK CODA
c) PRE POST
INITIAL INITIAL INITIAL FINAL
s P 1 £6 f
ONSET PEAK CODA
d) POST POST POST
INITIAL FINAL FINAL I FINAL 2 FINAL 3
t k s t
I I J L
ONSET PEAK CODA
Chapter 9
1 a p a tik ja la prD blam a v da b a u t w a z a li:k
2 aupm r) d a b o t l p r iz e n t id n a u d if ik lt i
204 Answers to written exercises
3 dar iz nau a:lt3 inativ ta da gAvnmants prapauzl
4 wi a:t ta meik a kalekfn ta kAva 6 i ikspensiz
(also possible: klekjn)
5 fainji dei araivd at a ha:bar at di ed3 av da mauntinz
(also possible: ha:br)
Chapter io
1 a) pro'tect pro'tekt
b) 'clamber 'klaembo
c) fes'toon fes'tuin
d) de'test di'test
e) 'bellow 'belou
f) 'menace 'mems
g) disconnect ,disko'nekt
h) 'enter 'entorir) ('entrir))
2 a) 'language 'laer)gwid3
b) 'captain 'kaeptin
c) ca'reer ko'rio
d) 'paper 'peipo
e) e'vent 1'vent
f) 'jonquil 'd3Dgkwil
g) 'injury 'ind3ori Cind3ri)
h) co'nnection ko'nek Jon (ka'nekfn)
Chapter ii
1 and 2
a) 'shop,keeper 'Jop.kiipa
b) ,open'ended .aupan'endid
c) Java'nese ,d3a:va'ni:z
d) 'birthmark 'b3:0ma:k
e) ,anti'clockwise .aenti'klokwaiz
g) .confirmation .kDnfa'meiJn
h) .eight'sided .eit'saidid
h) 'fruitcake 'fru:t,keik
i) de'fective di'fektiv
j) 'roof .timber 'ru:f,timba
Chapter 12
1 ai wont a ta pa:k daet ka:r auva dea
2 av ail 6 a prapauzlz da WAn dat ju: meid iz da siliast
Answers to written exercises 205
3 d3ein an bil kad av drivn dam tu: an from da paiti
(kud is also possible)
4 ta kAm ta da point wot JI wi du: fa da rest av da wi:k
5 haz eniwAn got an aidia wear it keim from
6 padestrianz mast oilweiz ju:z da krosigz pravaidid
7 i:tj WAn waz a p3 ifikt igzaimpl ov di a:t dat ad biin divelapt dea
Chapter 13
1 In this data there is no evidence of g contrasting with n, since r)never
occurs except before k and g. So all phonetic g consonants are phonemic n.
a) 6 ing
b) Gink
c) Oinking
d) finga
e) singa
f) singing
a) saund
b) aerjga
c) kaint
d) kaempa
e) bond
3 The phoneme t is realised as [t ] when it occurs between vowels if the
preceding vowel is stressed and the following vowel is unstressed.
P d s m z
Continuant - - + + +
Alveolar - + + - +
Voiced - + - + +
5 a) All the vowels are close or close-mid (or between these heights).
b) All require the tongue blade to be raised for their articulation, and all are in
the alveolar or post-alveolar region.
c) None of these requires the raising of the tongue blade - all are front or back
articulations.
d) All are voiceless.
e) All are rounded or end with lip-rounding.
f) All are approximants (they create very little obstruction to the airflow).
Chapter 14
1 a) A I bird in the I hand is worth I two in the I bush j
b) ! Over a j quarter of a I century has e I lapsed since his j death j
206 Answers to written exercises
c) Com j puters con j sume a con I siderable a i mount of j money and I time
d) j Most of them have a j rrived on the j bus
e) I Newspaper editors are in variably i under worked
2 a) b)
Royce
c)
d)
w s w
s w s w w s
Rolls Royce rail y e vent
(the stress levels o f‘Rolls’ and ‘Royce’ are exchanged to avoid “stress
clash” between ‘Royce’ and ‘ra-’.)
3 a) ko:z 9v se sm sr is sp su s tQ bi aetad3iz
WAQ
b) w o t di 3ib m p D p j3leiJn ko d 3u:z iz b e ts tre m z
c) Ji aeks p o t i k p l i w el inns f 3is siin
(Each of the above represents just one possible pronunciation: many others are
possible.)
Chapter 15
1 This train is for / Leeds/ York and \ Hull
2 Can you give me a / lift
vPossiblyW here\to
3 \N o Certainly \n o t Go a \ wav
4 Did you know hed been convicted of drunken /driving ANO
5 If I give him / money he goes and \ spends it
If I lend him the / bike he \loses it
Hes completely unrexhable
Answers to written exercises 207
Chapter 16
1 (T h is is an exercise w h ere th e re is m o re th a n o n e co rrec t answ er.)
a) b u y it fo r m e
b ) h e a r it
c) ta lk to h im
2 a) 'm in d th e step
b ) 'th is is th e 'te n to 'seven tra in
c) 'keep th e 'fo o d h o t
3 a) 'O n ly when th e vw in d -blow s
b) /When d id you -say
c) 'W h a t w as th e \name of th e -place
Chapter 17
1 a) 'W h ic h w as th e / ch eap one d id you -say
b) I 'o n ly 'w a n t to vtaste it
c) ,She w o u ld have ,th o u g h t it w as ao b v io u s
d) T h ere 'w a sn t 'even a 'piece of \ b re a d in th e -house
208 Answers to w ritte n exercises
e) \ N o w w ill you be-lieve me
~\
2 a) ,opp o r t / u n it v
b) vac tu a lly
c) \ c o n fid e n t ly
V___
d) m a g Am fi cen t
e) re / l a tio n ship
f) ,af te r v n o o n
\y
Chapter 18
(T h e follow ing are possible in to n a tio n p a tte rn s, b u t o th e rs co u ld b e correct.)
1 Its 'ra th e r vcold
2 B e1cause I 'c a n t a x fford it
3 Y oure \ silly th e n
4 O h vplease
5 , Seven o x clock | , seven / th ir ty I a n d \ eight
6 AFOUT
7 Ive ,got to ,do th e / sh o p p in g
8 vS om e o f th e m - m ig h t
Answers to written exercises 209
Chapter 19
1 a) right I can I do the shopping for you
b) right | can I do the shopping for you
c) first the professor explained her theory
d) no I first the professor explained her theory
e) first she explained her theory
f) no | ten past three
g) no I ten past three
h) no | ten past three
2 a) he wrote the letter sadly
b) he wrote the letter | sadly
c) four plus six | divided by two I equals five
d) four | plus six divided by two I equals seven
e) we broke one thing | after another fell down
f) we broke one thing after another I that night
Chapter 20
This accent has a distribution for r) similar to BBC pronunciation (i.e. a case can
be made for a 13 phoneme), except that in the case of the participial ‘-mg’ ending
n is found instead of g.
This accent has two additional long vowels (e:, o:) and, correspondingly, two
fewer diphthongs (ei, 30). This situation is found in many Northern accents. The
fricatives 9, 6, h are missing from the phoneme inventory, and f, v are used in
place of 0, d. This accent has w where BBC pronunciation has “dark 1”. This is
typical of a Cockney accent.
This data is based on the traditional working-class accent of Bristol, where
words of more than one syllable do not usually end in a The accent is rhotic, so
where there is an ¥ in the spelling (as in ‘mother5) an r is pronounced: where the
spell ing does not have V, an 1sound is added, resulting in the loss of
distinctiveness in some words (cf. ‘idea5, ‘ideal5; ‘area5, ‘aerial5).
Here we appear to have three vowels where BBC pronunciation has two: the
word ‘cat5has the equivalent of as, ‘calm5has a vowel similar to a : while in the
set of words that have se in many Northern accents (‘plaster5, ‘grass5, etc.) an
addi tional long vowel a: is used. This is found in Shropshire.
Answers to recorded exercises
Audio U nit i
Exercise 2
1 radical • • •
2 emigration ••• •
3 enormous • • •
4 disability • • • • •
5 alive • •
Audio U nit 2
Exercise 2
1 ae in been ‘ban’ 6 uin p u t ‘put’
2 A in hAb ‘hub’ 7 A in k A m ‘come’
3 1in fil ‘fill’ 8 1 in m i d ‘mid’
4 d in m o s ‘moss’ 9 n in b o m ‘bomb’
5 e in led ‘led’ 10 e in s e l ‘sell’
Audio U nit 3
Exercise 3
1 i: in si:t ‘seat’ 6 u : in f u ; d ‘food’
2 a: in da:k ‘dark’ 7 3 : in k 3 i t ‘curt’
3 3: in b3:d ‘bird’ 8 a : in p a :k ‘park’
4 31 in fo:t ‘fought’ 9 i: in n i i d ‘need’
5 a : in p a it ‘part’ 10 0 : in h o i s ‘horse’
Exercise 5
1 31 in h3id ‘heard’ 4 A in k A m ‘come’
2 D in SDO ‘song’ 5 a : in m a i t f ‘march’
3 0: in so: ‘saw’ 6 u in f u l ‘full’
210
Answers to recorded exercises 211
7 a: in pa:t ‘part’
8 d in dpi ‘doll’
9 in I ‘love’
A AV
Exercise ^ 10 3 : in b 3 : n ‘burn’
1 ia in fiss ‘fierce’
2 ea in kesd ‘cared’
7 a i in k a i t ‘kite’
3 us in mooz
‘moors’ 8 ia in b r a d ‘beard’
4 ei in reid ‘raid’ 9 u a in t u a z ‘tours’
5 ai in taim ‘time’ 10 a u in b a u n ‘bone’
6 au in kaut ‘coat’
11 a i in b a i l ‘boil’
12 a u in t a u n ‘town’
Audio U nit 4
Exercise 3 b)
1 p in ha:p ‘harp’
2 g in raug ‘rogue’
6 k in e i k ‘ache’
3 t in eit ‘eight’ 7 d in a u d ‘ode’
4 d in raid ‘ride’ 8 p in r i p ‘rip’
5 b in nmb ‘mob’ 9 g in saeg ‘sag’
10 t in f i : t ‘feet’
Exercise 5
1 ‘debate’
2 ‘copied’
6 ‘guarded’
3 ‘buttercup’ 7 ‘dedicated’
4 ‘cuckoo’ 8 ‘paddock’
5 ‘decayed’ 9 ‘boutique’
10 ‘appetite’
Audio U nit 5
Exercise 3
1 geit ‘gate’
2 kaut ‘coat’
11 y a ; p gap’
3 bit ‘bit’ 12 b i a d ‘beard’
4 taiad ‘tired’ 13 k a : ‘car’
5 bi:t ‘beat’ 14 p e i d ‘paid’
6 pauk ‘poke’
15 gAt‘gut’
7 ka:t ‘cart’ 16 d a u t ‘doubt’
8 ka:t ‘caught’ 17 t a u d ‘toad’
18 d u : ‘do’
9 paoa ‘power’
10 ka:d ‘cord’
19 p e a ‘pair’
20 d e k ‘deck’
212 Answers to recorded exercises
Exercise 4
1 ‘keep’ 11 ‘duck’
2 ‘boat’ 12 ‘cope’
3 ‘cup’ 13 ‘dog’
4 ‘dirt’ 14 ‘coward’
5 ‘bike’ 15 ‘bake’
‘cab’ 16 ‘tied’
7 ‘gate’ 17 ‘beard’
8 ‘cared’ 18 ‘put’
9 ‘tired’ 19 ‘bug’
10 ‘bird’ 20 ‘doubt’
Audio U nit 6
Exercise 2
a) initial position b) medial position c) final position
1 J- in Jao ‘show’ 6 v in novo ‘over’ 11 6 in lood ‘loathe’
2 0 in 0ai ‘thigh’ 7 3 in me30 ‘measure’ 12 v in i:v ‘Eve’
3 z in zu: ‘zoo’ 8 s in aisir) ‘icing’ 13 J in aej ‘ash’
4 f in fa: ‘far’ 9 J in ei j'o ‘Asia’ 14 f in rAf ‘rough’
5 d in dou ‘though’ 10 h in ohed ‘ahead’ 15 0 in ooB ‘oath’
Audio U nit 7
Exercise 6
1 j 11:303! ‘usual’ 7 vaiolons ‘violence’
2 rimein ‘remain’ 8 emfosis ‘emphasis’
3 eksasaiz ‘exercise’ 9 d3entli ‘gently’
4 we on t] ‘wearing’ 10 0ir)kir) ‘thinking’
5 3:d3ont ‘urgent’ 11 taipraito‘typewriter’
6 minimom ‘minimum’ 12 j iali ‘yearly’
Audio U nit 8
Exercise 6 (spellings)
1 ‘scraped’ 5 ‘crunched’
2 ‘grudged’ 6 ‘thrones’
3 ‘clothes’ 7 ‘plunged’
4 ‘scripts’ 8 ‘quench’
Answers to recorded exercises 213
Audio Unit 9
Exercise 5
1 'gaidna ‘gardener’ 6 'sAdn ‘sudden’
2 'k d a m ‘column’ 7 'kaelas ‘callous’
3 'haendlz ‘handles’ 8 'Sretnirj ‘threatening’
4 a'laiv ‘alive’ 9 pa'lait ‘polite’
5 pri'tend ‘pretend’ 10 'pAzl ‘puzzle’
Audio U nit 10
Exercise 1
1 'enami 6 sab'traekt
2 ka'lekt 7 'elifant
3 'kaepitl 8 ab'z3 :va
4 kai'neijn 9 'profit
5 'paeradais 10 .enta'tein
Exercise 2 (spellings)
1 Shrewsbury 6 Birmingham
2 Polperro 7 Northampton
3 Aberdeen 8 Dundee
4 Wolverhampton 9 Canterbury
5 Aberystwyth 10 Basingstoke
Audio U nit 12
Exercise 3
1 'liiv da 'rest 3 V da 'fuid fa 'lAIlJ'
2 'dint da sam 'letS Z far a tu 'aupan
3 1w es da di 'egz 'kAm from
4 'riid iz 'buk on ‘rait som 'nouts
5 at 'liist wi kan 'trai an 'help
Audio U nit 13
Exercise 1 (spellings)
1 Colchester 4 Scunthorpe
2 Carlisle 5 Glamorgan
3 Hereford 6 Holyhead
214 Answers to recorded exercises
7 Framlingham 9 Cheltenham
8 Southend 10 Inverness
Exercise 2
1 'lestaj's (Leicestershire) 6 kaul'rein (Coleraine)
2 dAn'f3:mlin (Dunfermline) 7 'hAdasfiild (Huddersfield)
3 'sti:vnid3 (Stevenage) 8 heilz'auin (Halesowen)
4 pen'zaens (Penzance) 9 'wilmztau (Wilmslow)
5 'gilfad (Guildford) 10 'bainstspl (Barnstaple)
Exercise 3
1 'James de'cided to 'type the 'letter him'self
2 The 'plane was a'pproaching the 'runway at 'high 'speed
3 'Try to 'see the 'other 'persons 'point of 'view
4 You 'put your 'brakes on when the 'light 'turns to 'red
5 In a 'short 'time the 'house was 'full of 'children
Audio U nit 14
Exercise 1
1 Each j 'person in the i 'group was I 'trained in sur vival
2 'bout 'three i 'hundred I 'soldiers were I 'lined up 3 'Buying a
'new com I 'puter is a I 'major ex j 'pense
4 'All the I people who I 'came to the I 'wedding were from i 'England
5 'Try to be as I 'tactful as you I 'can when you I 'talk to him
Exercise 2
Note: When recordings of conversational speech are used, it is no longer possible to give
definite decisions about “right” and “wrong” answers. Some problems, points of interest
and alternative possibilities are mentioned.
1 a b j u : t hf l g 3 i l (Careful speech would have had b j u i t i f l or b j u i t i f u l . )
2 wi si:m ta haev a defnat wAn des (Careful speech would have d e f i n i t ,
d e f i n o t or d e f n o t ; notice that this speaker uses a glottal stop at the end o
f‘definite’ so that the transcription - phonetic rather than phonemic - d e f n a ?
would be acceptable. There is a good example of assimilation in the
pronunciation of ‘one there’; as often happens when n and d are com bined, the
n becomes dental n . In addition, the 6 loses its friction - which is always weak
—and becomes a dental nasal, so that this could be tran scribed phonetically as
wAnnea.)
3 k u d it
bi 9 stuil r a i d d n a teibl (Careful speech would have r a i d s d a n a ; the 6 is
long, so the symbol is written twice to indicate this.)
Answers to recorded exercises 215
4 a f 10 in (Careful speech would have fif0; the transcription cannot, of course,
show very fine details of articulation, but it is likely that though the sound one
hears is most like 0, there is some slight constriction between upper teeth and
lower lip as well.)
5 eni phkju:ljaerotiz obaut dset (The main elision is of the i vowel in the first
syllable o f‘peculiarities’: a less noticeable case is that instead of having i
before the ce in this word the speaker has a non-syllabic j; note the glottal stop
at the end o f‘about’.)
6 £en hau mni straips on jo:z (Careful speech would have meni; it is perhaps
surprising that the speaker has ae rather than a in ‘and’; jo:z is a frequendy
found alternative pronunciation to jooz.)
7 wel it op 10/ to bAtn Ap is got 0ri: (The elision is in ‘its’; careful speech would
have its or i?s, since this speaker uses glottal stops quite frequendy - notice
one between ‘it’ and ‘appears’, and another at the end o f‘got’ - gD?.)
8 o: do wntjokoil it do sil (‘What do you call it’ or ‘what d’ you call it’ is used
frequendy when speakers cannot remember a word, and is always pronounced
rapidly.)
9 bai kolom inth kolomz oirait (Careful speech would have into and oil rait.)
10 daiomon Jeip past/ (Careful speech would have daiomond Jeipt paetj.)
11 aend ai Jd 0 irjk from ikspirions f kitjin naivz (Careful speech would have
Jud or Jod and ov.)
12 wot J wi du: neks gou daun (Carefiil speech would have Jol and nekst.)
13 di: tDp f da bDtl iz prd3ektir) autwodz inth do ru:m (Careful speech would
have ov, prod3ektig and into; the r in ‘projecting’ is devoiced as well as being
syllabic; notice the glottal stops, one before the k in ‘projecting’ and another
before the t in ‘outwards’: the strong form o f‘the’ at the beginning is probably
a sort of slight hesitation.)
Audio U nit 15
Exercise 3
1vone 6 /six
2 \tw o 7 \now
3 /three 8 vyou
4 Afour 9 Amore
5 \five 10 /u s
Audio U nit 16
Exercise 1
1 We could go by bus 3 The car was where Id left it
2 Of course its broken 4 How much is the biggest one
216 Answers to recorded exercises
5 I knew it would go wrong 8 That was a loud noise
6 It was too cold 9 We could go from Manchester
7 Here it is 10 Have you finished
Exercise 4
1 'What 'time will they / come
2 A ‘day re'turn to \ London
3 The 'North \Pole would be warmer
4 'Have you de'cided to / buy it
5 I re'corded them on caxssette
Audio U nit 17
Exercise 4
1 'Now 'heres the vweather ‘forecast
2 You .didnt say .anything about / rates
3 A ,few .years ago they were \to p
4 'No one could 'say the 'cinema was vdead
5 Is there /anything you -wouldnt -eat
6 'Have you 'ever con'sidered/writing
7 .That was .what he vclaimed to be
8 We 'try to 'do our 'shopping in the \ market
9 But I \ never -go there -now
10 I t ,wouldnt be .difficult to find / out
Audio Unit 18
Note: Since these extracts were not spoken deliberately for illustrating intonation, it is
not possible to claim that the transcription given here is the only correct version. There
are several places where other transcriptions would be acceptable, and suggestions about
alternative possibilities are given with some items, in addition to a few other comments.
1 it 'looks like a 'French magaxzine (slight hesitation between ‘looks’ and ‘like’)
2 the 'television 'is plugged vin
3 'does your 'colander have a \ handle (‘does’ possibly not stressed)
4 a /flap on it
5 'you tell me about / vours (narrow pitch movement on ‘yours’; ‘tell’ may also
be stressed)
6 'well x dark hair
7 .more than .half / wav
8 but er 'not in the \other -corners
9 a .sort o f,Daily \ Sketch -format -newspaper (‘sort’ possibly not stressed)
Answers to recorded exercises
217
10 'on the \to g | 'on the \lid (both pronunciations o f‘on’ might be unstressed)
11 well theyre 'on al vternate -steps | theyre 'not on vevery -step
12 'what about the w ent | at the \ back
13 and a 'ladys \handbag | .hanging on a ,nail on the\ wall
14 'you do the \left hand -bit of the -picture | and ,111 do the \ right hand -bit
15 were being 'very par vticular | but we 'just haven’t 'hit upon 'one of the \differ-
ences -yet (stress on ‘just’ is weak or absent)
16 and 'what about your telex vision | 'two / knobs | in the / front
Audio U nit 19
Exercise 1
1 I suppose the best thing’s to try later.
2 If he’s coming today there ought to be a letter around.
3 The world’s greatest lawn tennis festival begins on Monday.
4 We’ve fixed for the repair man to come and mend it under guarantee.
5 The number’s been engaged for over an hour.
Exercise 2
1 ai spauz 6 bes 0igz th trai leita
2 if iz kAmir) thdei dr a:t th bi a letr raund
3 da W3:lz greits lorn tenis festhvl biginz Dm mAndei
4 wif fiks fa 6a ripea maen th kAm am mend it Anda gaerntii
5 6 nAmbaz bin ir)geid3 fr auvr an aua
Exercise 4
| dea 'bildirj \ win fa:mz | 'oil 'auva di /earia | ,wea wi \h v | wi kan si: 'lorj \ lainz av
dam | a,lDg da ,tDps av da \ hilz | an 'daun bai da vkanst Jdar a 'win 't3:bainz 'aut at
/s il | 'aend a'lDg d a x foi | dei 'aunli 'bild dam 'wea daz 'plenti av vwind | Aobviasli |
wi ,s3:tnli ,get a ,lot av \ daet mar - AS | ju vkod -sei | da .laenskeips ,bi:r) kam,pli:tli
traensxfaimd | bap 'maus 'pi:pl 'daunt si:m ta \ maind |
Audio Unit 20
Note: Transcription of natural speech involves making decisions that have the effect of
simplifying complex phonetic events. The broad transcription given below is not claimed
to be completely accurate, nor to be the only “correct” version.
iwaz 'raida \ frai?mn
bikaz da dara\ skaiz
a di:z \baiskjz
ju 'riili \haev tu
218 Answers to recorded exercises
,haev jo wits oxbautfu
'oil d o \ta im
bikoz do jo nou do dei vstpp -sAdnli
its oikwod
bkoz do x traefik regjo-leijnz
a: ,mo: .onod in do vbriitf
don di ob/z3ivons
aim 'nDt in\nDt riili - Jo: wot
.regjoleijnz d o r\a i
fr \m stons
dii ovtraefik -laits
'redxred -laits du
,nr>t oxplai
f 01 ,t3:mr) \ rait
witj x miinz dot
'if jo 'kAmir) 'AP tu o x traefik -lait
'sAmwAn x stnpt
hu .wonts to ,gou streit \p n
o: ,t3 in \left
on 'ju: wont to t3in vrait
den ju 'pul /a u t
.ouvovteik dom
on den ‘kAt o \ kms
in \frAnt
