ARTICLES

The Articles : A, An, the There was a king. He was very just and
Study the words in bold letters. wise. I saw a white elephant and a brown
I bought a coat and an umbrella. cow. We went into an orchard and picked
A black hen laid an egg everyday. some apples.
A peacock is a bird. (b) class representative
sign out
A dog barks.
The cat mews.
A bat can fly.
The dogs are barking in the lane.
A horse is a domestic animal.
nouns
(c)
A, An, The noun/noun, phrase (a peacock,
an umbrealla, the dog, the dogs) Rome was not built in a day.
articles He stayed with me for an hour or two.
a an indefinite article the We have a well in our garden.
Definite Article Articles a, an (d) Linking verbs noun noun phrases
Singular countable nouns (peacock, dog, egg,
umbrella) Article the He is a teacher.
Singular Plural countable nouns (cats, He is a good sportsman.
dogs)
She became an actress.
Article a singular countable
(e) Phrases
noun consonant sound
Sugar sells at four rupees a kilo.
a man, a
boy, a pig, a yoke, a unit, a European. Our train was running at hundred kilometres
an hour.
Unit European vowel letters
Once upon a time there lived a king.
– u, e
consonant Uses of the Definite Article : The
Article an singular countable The Definite Article is used :
bonus vowel sounds (a) noun
an aunt, an
egg, an inkpot, an ox, an umbrella, an hour. A woman and a child were sleeping under
noun phrase, article a tree. A snake crept to the child. A man
(adverb, adjective) happend to pass that way. The man killed
article the snake and saved the life of the child.
article a/an (b) Noun
a one rupee note, a very clever fox,
an untimely decision. (The dog )
Uses of the Indefinite Article : A, An The peacock has beautiful plumes.
The Indefinite Article is used : (The peacock )
(a) noun (c) Noun uniqueness
 The sun gives us light. Ocean, The Red Sea, Canal, Gulfs, The
The moon shines at night. Suez Canal, The Ganga, The Nile, The Bay
(The peacock ) of Bengal.
(d) Specifying or defining a (noun) (vii) Mountain ranges : The Himalayas, The
Alps.
(viii) Building : The Red Fort, The Taj, The
The flowers on my table are red.
White House.
I know the boy who has broken this chair.
(ix) Name of Parties : The Congress, The
(e) Adjective Superlative degree Nationalist Party of India, The Communist
He is the best boy in my class. Party of the India, Red Cross Society.
Mt. Everest is the highest mountain peak. Omission of the Article :
(f) Adjective noun The Article is omitted :
He always stands by the weak. (a) common noun
The rich can afford to by a T.V. set.
(g) Ordinals Man is mortal.
Ahmad was the first candidate to face the What type of exercise do you suggest ?
interview. (b) Before Proper Nouns.
The next day we went to see the Zoo. He lives in Delhi.
(h) Indefinite Pronouns of phrases Tulsidas was a great poet.
Most of the students of my class are (c) Before Mass Nouns.
industrious. I don't like butter.
All of the students of my class are Honesty is the best policy.
industrious.
Virtue is its own reward.
Many of the students of my class are
Speech is silver; silence is gold.
industrious.
He spoke with confidence.
One third number of the students I teach
(d) Before Plural countable Nouns class
come from villages.
A large number of the students I teach come
Dogs bark.
from villages.
Books are sold here.
The majority number of the students I
teach come from villages. (e) Before father, mother, uncle etc.
Proper Noun
(1)
I don't think father will like this idea.
(i) Continents : The Americas (i.e. North
America and South / America) Pat, please call Mother, said Jim.
(ii) Countries : The United States. Is Uncle in ?
(iii) State, provinces, cities : The State of Uttar (f) Before places of assembly (Church,
Pradesh, the city of Delhi. School, Market, Hospital, Town, Prison,
Court) purpose
(iv) Geographical names : The North Pole, The
South Pole, The Equator.
I go to church every Sunday. (to pray)
(v) Empires, dynasties : The British Empire,
The Roman Empires, The First World War, But I went to the church to meet my
The name of historical periods Middle Ages. friend. (the place)
The French, Revolution, The Battle of He was sent to prison. (imprison)
Panipat. But the Minister visited the prison. (the
(vi) Oceans, Seas, Rivers : The Atlantic place)
(Ocean), The Pacific (Ocean), The Indian
(g) Phrases sort of, kind of, type of, 8. Is there ............. hospital in your village?
manner of nouns 9. ........... honorary worker is one who is not
What kind of worker is he? paid for his services.
We don't like this type of house. 10. I want to send my son to .............. university.
What sort of job do you want. 11. He is ........... honest boy.
(h) In Phrases such as by air, by bus, by train, 12. My nephew works in ....... insurance
by plane, on foot, by messanger, by sea etc. company.
I am leaving by train to night. 13. ............. industrious boy is liked by all.
He goes to his village on foot. 14. Edison was ............. intelligent boy.
15. Cholera is ........... infectious disease.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks using either a, an, or the where Exercise 3
necessary. Use a suitable article where necessary and rewrite
1. ........... cow is ............... useful animal. each sentences as shown in the examples.
2. We shall return after ........... dinner. Examples :
3. .......... school will shortly close for ............ I. Sun rises in east.
Christmas holidays. Answer : The sun rises in the east.
4. ........... sun shone brightly. II. Eagle has strong wings.
5. Chinese is one of .......... most difficult Answer : (a) An eagle has strong wings.
languages to learn. or (b) The eagle has strong wings.
6. I did not buy ............ umbrella. 1. Bread and butter is wholesome food.
7. The farmer bought ................. cow ............... 2. Accountant and cashier of the firm were
goat and ............. ox. suspended.
8. Some of ............... most important things 3. We engaged porter to carry our luggage.
made from coal-tar are dyes.
4. Light travels faster than sound.
9. ................ king has three daughters ..............
5. Earth turns on its axis.
first two daughters were cunning but ...........
6. Giving help to poor is working for the Lord.
third one was honest and simple
7. Gurkhas love fighting.
10. ............. book you want is out of print.
11. .......... rose is ......... very beautiful flower. 8. I have headache.
12. ........... darkest cloud has a silver lining. 9. There was no trace of life on moon.
10. I remember house where he was born.
Exercise 2 11. City on a hill cannot be hidden.
Fill in the blanks using either a or an where 12. The teacher punished all boys who
necessary. Study the examples. misbehaved.
I. He offered to give me .......... useful present. 13. Water in the pond is not clean.
Answer : He offered to give me a useful present. 14. He told me interesting story.
II. She wanted to use ......... umbrella.
15. It is extremely difficult question.
Answer : She wanted to use an umbrella.
16. We shall start at 10 o'clock in morning.
1. France is ............... European country.
2. By ........... united effort we can make our 17. Mr. Sharma, who is professor in University
country great. of Lucknow, can help you.
3. We shall arrive there in .......... hour or two. 18. Milk turned sour.
4. The room was cleaned by .......... servant. 19. A mother who loves her children will do
5. ........... elephant is ........... very huge animal. anything for them.
6. ........... hen is ............. bird. 20. The man you met in the street is a smuggler.
7. ........... zebra is .......... animal.
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
(A) Complete the following sentences by 27. I went to.......hospital to see my friend.
filling appropriate articles as may be 28. The children were fighting on.........bed.
suitable. 29. The people of Mumbai live near......sea.
1. That was ...... most interesting novel. 30. Eskimoes make ..... houses of snow and
2. A couple of hours will be enough for ..... ice.
work. 31. Man is ....... only animal that uses fire.
3. He is going to attend ....... marriage. 32. He was ........ first man to arrive.
4. Yesterday I had a long talk with ....... 33. The more ....... merrier.
publisher.
34. A bird in the hand is worth two in .......
5. The doctor bathed .......wound. bush.
6. How to root out terrorism was.....main topic 35. There are beautiful roses in ........ park.
of their talk.
36. ...... dinner we had at the Tourist Hotel
7. He gave ......impressive talk on family was very nice.
planning
37. I went to ...... hospital to see my uncle.
8. If ......students want to have a good working
38. ......able man has not always a distinguished
knowledge of English, they should read
look.
this book.
39. ......school will shortly close for the Puja
9. He is ....Indian but his wife is ..... European.
holidays.
10. He has ...... pen and .....inkpot.
40. .....Ganga is .... sacred river.
11. Dr. L.M. Jha is ....university professor.
41. Who is ....girl sitting there?
12. My wife is ..... B.A. but I am ..... M.A.
42. I bought ......horse, ......ox, and .......buffalo.
13. Mr. Pathak, Mr. Jha and Mr. Mishra are
43. Man, thou art.....wonderful animal.
honurable men.
44. He looks as stupid as .....owl.
14. Ramita Devi is suffering from..... headache.
45. There are on the committee among others
15. ......policeman wears ..... uniform given by
a great economist and ....... great lawyer.
the government.
46. He is a better mechanic than ......clerk.
16. ..... cafe, ..... restaurant, ...... hotel, .....inn
and .....bud have almost the same meaning. 47. Bharat is considered to be ...... ideal
student.
17. ..... black and ..... white cow are grazing in
the field. 48. The Hindu gives ..... latest news.
18. Mr. Rupkant Babu has bought ..... new 49. ...... Mr. Roy whom you met last night is
variety of sheep. my uncle.
19. Every country has ......Parliament. 50. ...... poor are always with us.
20. I walk five and ....quarter miles every day. (B) Find out the error part of the following
21. There is .... bridge over the Thames in sentences:
London. 1. Animals like the Bengal tiger, as well as
22. He can write .... letter in ink or with .... other (a) / endangered species, are valuable
pencil part (b) /of the world's ecosystem. (c) / No
23. ..... man is going with his parents on .... error (d)
trip around the world. 2. A particularly important group of (a)/
24. We had ..... breakfast at 8 O' clock. proteins known as enzymes, directs all (b)/
body cells to produce chemical
25. Nature looks beautiful in.......morning.
reactions.(c)/ No error (d)
26. Why do we lead......miserable life?
 3. While it is true that there is no law that 15. She had no income, no saving, (a) / no
compels us to say please, (a) / there is property, only five rupees and an inspired
social practice much older and much more (b) / calling to help the poorest of India's
(b) / sacred than any law that enjoins us to poor.(c) / No error (d)
be civil.(c) No error (d) 16. Everyone votes on (a) / the major corporate
4. Among the natural resources that can be decisions and on how (b) / to split the
called upon (a) / in national plans for profits. (c) / No error (d)
developments, possibly, (b) / most 17. We had brought plenty (a) / of food with
important is human labour.(c)/No error (d) us and we (b) / got it out of car.(c) / No
5. The manpower for development during the error (d)
next quarte (a) / century will come from 18. The only difficulty was(a) / that millions
the world's present population (b) / of of other people had (b) / same idea.(c) /
infants, children and adolescents.(c) / No No error (d)
error (d) 19. Computers are making inroads (a) / into
6. She is incapable of doing so because of our society whether India (b) / is ready for
her own poor health, ignorance and (a) / them or not.(c) / No error (d)
lack of status and recognition of (b) / social 20. In spite of (a) / the big head he (b) / was
and a legal rights, and economic parity of very, very thin.(c) / No error (d)
independence.(c) / No error (d)
C. Find the error part of the following
7. The education level if women is (a) / sentences :
significant also because (b) / it has a direct
1. (A) The road / (B) to famous monument /
influence upon their chances of
(C) passes through a forest / (D) No error.
employment.(c) / No error (d)
2. (A) Our Housing Society comprises of /
8. fear is valid but it goes (a) / against the
(B) six blocks and / (C) thirty three flats in
grain of the (b) / economic reform
an area of about thousand sq. metres / (D)
programme.(c) / No error (d)
no error.
9. Since the government can do precious (a)/ 3. (A) Now that she is living in her own flat,/
little in the matter, especially about satellite (B) she cleans the windows / (C) twice a
broadcasts, what (b) / if it should consider week in the summer and once a week in
attaching the properties of offending parties the winter / (D) No error.
(c) / No error (d)
4. (A) With little imagination and enterprise,/
10. The food situation in India, once (B) the tournament could have been
characterised by (a) / chronic shortage and transformed / (C) into a major attraction /
the spectre (b) / of famines, has changed (D) No error.
dramatically over years. (c) / No error (d)
5. (A) These display / (B) the / (C) remarkable
11. Both Japan and Russia achieved their variety / (D) No error.
development (a) / an authoritarian political
6. (A) If you have faith in Almighty / (B)
(b) / and social framework.(c)/No error (d)
everything will turn out / (C) to be all right/
12. At that time everyone (a) / believed that (D) No error.
Earth was at centre (b)/of the universe.(c)/
7. (A) According to the Bible / (B) it is meek
No error (d)
and humble / (C) who shall inherit the earth/
13. It is a wonderful feeling to reach (a)/the (D) No error.
top of mountain after (b)/climbing for hours
8. (A) I am not wealthy / (B) so I cannot
and may be, even days.(c)/No error (d)
afford/ (C) so buy a expensive car / (D) No
14. Akbar had quarrelled with Birbal(a)/over error.
something imoportant and (b) / had asked 9. (A) My father is / (B) in bad mood / (C)
him not to come to palace again.(c)/No today / (D) No error.
error (d)
10. (A) On my request / (B) Lalit introduced 26. (A) To perform this experiment / (B) drop
me to his friend / (C) who is singer and a little sugar / (C) into a glass of water / (D)
scientiest / (D) No error. No error.
11. (A) This town isn't very well known / (B) 27. (A) It is written in Gita / (B) that God
and there isn't much to see / (C) so a few incarnates himself / (C) in time of trouble/
tourists come here / (D) No error. (D) No error.
12. (A) He took to / (B) reading Times / (C) 28. (A) Troy was taken by Greeks; / (B) this
for better knowledge of the facts / (D) No formed the basis of a story / (C) which has
error. become famous / (D) No error.
13. (A) The accelerating pace of life in our 29. (A) These facts make it very clear / (B)
metropolitian city / (B) has had the that he had hand in the murder / (C) though
tremendous effect / (C) on the culture and he still pleads innocence / (D) No error.
life-style of the people / (D) No error. 30. (A) A nationwide survey has brought up
14. (A) Both the civilians / (B) and armymen/ an/ (B) interesting finding / (C) regarding
(C) joined the First World War / (D) No infant mortality rate in India. / (D) No error.
error. 31. (A) The man / (B) cannot live / (C) by
15. (A) The school is / (B) within hundred bread alone / (D) No error.
yards/ (C) from my house / (D) No error. 32. (A) I go to the bed / (B) at eight / (C) every
16. (A) The majority of the computer night / (D) No error.
professionals recommends / (B) that 33. (A) A Gangotri has special significance /
effective measures / (C) should be taken (B) for the devout as it is considered as /
against software piracy / (D) No error. (C) the abode of King Bhagirath who
17. (A) The famous Dr. Chandra / (B) is only brought the Ganga down to the earth / (D)
dentist / (C) in our village / (D) No error. No error.
18. (A) This candidate lacks / (B) an 34. (A) The recent study has indicated that
experience/ (C) otherwise he is well there/ (B) is perceptible change in / (C) the
qualified / (D) No error. attitudes of the people / (D) No error.
19. (A) A person I met / (B) in the theatre / (C) 35. (A) The disclosure of the synopsis of
was the playwright himself / (D) No error. Thakkar Commission report / (B) on the
20. (A) The war of Mahabharata / (B) is the assassination of Mrs. Indira Gandhi / (C)
full length illustration / (C) of a righteous has raised several vital questions / (D) No
war / (D) No error. error.
21. (A) The interviewer asked me / (B) if I 36. (A) He was fascinated by insects / (B) and
knew that Kalidas was the greater / (C) the more he studied their habits / (C) greater
than any other poet / (D) No error. was his fascination / (D) No error.
22. (A) The reason we have not been able to 37. (A) With little patience / (B) you will be
pay income tax / (B) is due to fact / (C) able to / (C) cross this hurdle / (D) No
that we did not receive pay on time / (D) error.
No error. 38. (A) He did not go / (B) to the city on foot,/
23. (A) Even now when I see the spot / (B) I (C) he went there by the train / (D) No
am reminded of an unique incident / (C) error.
that took place several years ago / (D) No 39. (A) My friends insisted / (B) that I should
error. see the movie / (C) from beginning to the
24. (A) As soon as the teacher entered/(B) end / (D) No error.
everyone fell/(C) in a silence/ (D) No error. 40. (A) Both optimists and pessimists contribute
25. (A) As he had taken only a few sips / (B) to society; / (B) the optimist invents the
there was still little water / (C) left in the aeroplane / (C) the pessimist parachute /
glass / (D) No error. (D) No error.
41. (A) It is being rainy day / (B) we decided 46. (A) The singing is both my vocation / (B)
not to go out / (C) but to stay at home and and avocation because it a source / (C) of
watch a movie / (D) No error. joy and bread for me / (D) No error.
42. (A) By all standards / (B) he is a best soldier 47. (A) Prince Charles is a heir/(B) to the
our military school / (C) has produced so throne/(C) of the Great Britain/(D) No error.
far / (D) No error. 48. (A) He has been sent to the prison / (B)
43. (A) No stronger / (B) a figure than his / (C) several times but has not shown any sign /
is prescribed in the history / (D) No error. (C) of improvement in his conduct / (D)
No error.
44. (A) The old woman placed / (B) kettle on
49. (A) He is / (B) as weak boy / (C) as my
fire and came back / (C) to the bed room/
brother / (D) No error.
(D) No error.
50. (A) These days only rich / (B) can afford
45. (A) Surdas is often called Milton of India/
the hospitality of the costly nursing homes/
(B) although unlike Milton, / (C) Surdas
(C) and hospitals coming up all over the
had no political ambitions / (D) No error.
country / (D) No error.

ANSWERS
(A) 26. A
1. A 27. The
2. The 28. The
3. A 29. The
4. The 30. The
5. The 31. The
6. The 32. The
7. An 33. The
8. The 34. The
9. An, A 35. The
10. A, An 36. The
11. A 37. The
12. A, An 38. An
13. The 39. The
14. A 40. The, A
15. A, A 41. The
16. A,A,A,An,A 42 A,An,A
17. A,A 43. A
18. A 44. An
19. A 45. A
20. A 46. A
21. A 47. An
22. A,A 48. The
23. A,A 49. The
24. A 50. The
25. The
(B) (C)
1. (b) ..... a valuable part ..... 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A
2. (b) .... all the body cells ..... 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C
3. (b) .... a social practice ......
9. B 10. C 11. C 12. B
4. (c) .... the most important .
5. (d) 13. B 14. B 15. B 16. A
6. (c) ..... social aid legal right. 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. A
7. (d) 21. B 22. B 23. B 24. C
8. (a) ..... The fear ......
25. B 26. B 27. A 28. A
9. (c) ..... The offending .
10. (c) ..... The year . 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. A
11. (b) ..... an authoritarian political ..... 33. A 34. B 35. A 36. C
12. (b) ..... at the centre..... 37. A 38. C 39. C 40. C
13. (b) ..... of a mountain after ....
41. A 42. B 43. C 44. B
14. (c) ...... the palace again .
15. (d) 45. A 46. A 47. A 48. A
16. (b) ..... the major corporate ..... 49. B 50. A
17. (c) ..... out of the car.
18. (c) ..... the same idea .
19. d
20. (c) ..... he was very, very thin.
 NOUN
Study the words in bold face in the following numerals one, two,
paragraph. many, few, etc. Countable
Nouns plural forms (birds, tables, trees, etc.)
Alok lives in Allahabad. His father is a
teacher. He gave him a ring of gold on his (ii) Common Noun (Mass)
birthday. He gave us a party. We had fish, meat, We had meat with bread and butter at
bread and butter. We prayed for his long life. dinner.
We had great fun and laughter that day. The cow eats grass.
Bold face living beings Water is necessary to life.
lifeless things God is love.
concerete abstract things meat, bread, butter, grass water
Noun life love
nouns mass
KINDS three litres of
(a) Proper Noun : Alok, Allahabad, Ganga, milk, two loaves of bread numerals
Ramayana, India.
Alok Allahabad nouns Mass Nouns
Ganga Ramayana Mass nouns plural forms
India nouns indefinite article
a/an Specific reference
nouns Capital article 'the'
letter Nouns plural I drink milk. The milk in the cup turned sour.
form The cow eats grass. The grass of my lawn is
articles (a, an, the) wet.
(b) Common Noun : bird, tree, egg, tables, nouns (form)
courage, gold, class, milk, tea, light, army (use) countable mass noun
class noun mass
countable

(i) Common Noun (Countable) (Mass Noun) (Countable Noun)

I have three books. 1. We eat fish. (food) 1. Fishes swim in water.
He had no difficulties. (= kinds of difficulty) (Kinds of fish)
2. There was no light in 2. Switch off the lights.
Birds fly.
the room. (bulbs or lamps)
She has many virtue. (= kinds of virtue) 3. His life is in danger. 3. We get inspiration
Books bird (concrete things) from the lives of
great man.
difficulty
4. King Vikramaditya 4. Mr. Broom was a
virtue (abstract things) was famous for his justice in the High
justice. Court of Allahabad.
Common Nouns
Countable Nouns Nouns
 Noun road roads
spoon spoons
Proper Common pan pans
(Hari, Ganga, Agra) room rooms
form forms
Countable Mass ball balls
nail nails
Concrete Abstract Concrete Abstract door doors
(book, city (worry, (Gold, grass, (Music, star stars
tree) difficulty) milk, stone) courage) (ii) –es
Common nouns forms  nouns, s, ss, ch, sh, x
(i) Singular : Book, city, key, chief, calf,
child, sheep. gas gases
(ii) Plural : books, cities, keys, chiefs, calves, bus buses
children, sheep. class classes
Plural forms glass glasses
Regular Plurals : (i) –s, (ii) –es, bench benches
book – books; bag – bags; roof – roofs; Calf branch branches
– Calves; bush bushes
(i) –S brush brushes
 nouns, a, e, ee, ay, ey, oy, oo box boxes
tax taxes
banana bananas  nouns y y
day days consonant (p, t, k, m, etc.)
guava guavas –es spelling
play plays y + es = ies
horse horses body bodies
key keys baby babies
prize prizes duty duties
monkey monkeys city cities
bee bees army armies
boy boys lady ladies
tree trees fly flies
toy toys cry cries
bamboo bamboos  nouns f fe
cuckoo cuckoos plural –s –es
 nouns consonants f + s = fs, fe + s = ves, f + es = ves
chief chiefs
book books life lives
bag bags calf calves
cap caps roof roofs
cup cups wife wives
nib nibs thief thieves
tub tubs scarf scarfs
cat cats knife knives
net nets leaf leaves
bud buds
 nouns o GENDER
plural 'es' Masculine : nouns, male sex
mango mangoes masculine gender
hero heroes man, horse, bull.
buffalo buffaloes Feminine : nouns, female sex
patato potatoes feminine gender
tomato tomatoes woman, mare, cow.
es Common : nouns, male sex female
piano pianos sex common
Irregular Plurals : plural gender student, teacher,
(–s, –es ) friend, servant, child, cook, enemy, minister etc.
Neuter : nouns, liefless things
man men
woman women sex speaker
neuter gender mass
foot feet
nouns book, room,
goose geese school, fruit, crow, snake, wolf, fly etc.
tooth teeth
sex
mouse mice speaker sex
ox oxen masculing gender (cock, horse, peacock)
child children feminine gender (hen, mare, peahen)
singular forms plural
cattle, people, gentry, Gender, grammatical category
poltry, etc. convention nouns
Cattle : The cattle are eating grass. Gender Personified objects
plural forms singular Objects strength
mathematics, physics, masculding gender The
economics, politics, news, innings, etc. Sun, Summer, Winder, Time, Death etc.
Compound nouns plural, principal word Objects beauty, gentlness, gracefulness
–s femining gender
son-in-law sons-in-law The Earth, Spring, Autumn, Nature,
Liberty, Justice, Mercy, Peach, Hope, Charity etc.
daughter-in-law daughters-in-law
step-son step-sons nouns gender forms
maidservant maidservants
washerman washermen Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
commander-in-chief commanders-in-chief bachelor maid boy girl
nouns Singular plural forms, cow cock hen
colt filly dog bitch
father mother gentleman lady
mass nouns singular form horse mare husband wife
plural form king queen lord lady
mass noun nephew niece son daughter
uncle aunt emperor empress
hero heroine actor actress
advice (counsel) advices heir heiress lion lioness
(information) duke duchess master mistress
iron (metal) irons sir madam stag hind
wizard witch lad lass
(fetter, tool etc.) tiger tigress host hostess
force (strength) forces poet poetess traitor traitoress
(army)
 nouns maculine feminine forms Possessive function of
form he/ Noun
she sex Pronouns nouns The Ramayan of Tulsidas.
Possessive form's Noun
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
bull-calf cow-calf he-goat she-goat (i) nouns living beings
he-bear she-bear jack-ass jenny-ass man's strength, lion's roar, my father's house.
man-servant maid-servant grandfather grandmother
milkman milkmaid washerman washerwoman (ii) nouns time, weight, space
a day's work, a month's time,
FUNCTION AND RELATION a stone's throw, a kilo's weight.
(a) Subject of a verb : Possessive of noun
Kamal is a good student. (i) the leg of the
That boy killed the bird. table, the rivers of India, the heart of the city, the
foot of a hill.
Ravi has a pen.
(ii) 'S
The teacher looks angry.
his son's marriage - the marriage of his son
(b) I. Object of a verb :
(e) Nominative of Address :
He gave Ram a book.
Go there, Umesh.
I bought an umbrella.
Anil, open your book.
II. Object of a Preposition :
(f) In apposition :
The book is on the table.
Mohan, the captain of our team, is a good
We went up a hill.
player.
(c) Complement of a Linking Verb :
Delhi, the capital of India, is my home town.
He became a teacher.
My friend is a doctor. nouns
He looks a gentleman.
(d) Possessing a noun :
Sarla's dog is black. Exercise 1
We went to our uncle's house. Use the following nouns as desires in
The roof of my room is leaking. brackets, in your own sentences.
He went into the valley of flowers. Study the example :
Possessive function Example : a man, dogs, grass,
s Noun forms possession (subjects of Verbs)
relation A man killed a bear.
possession Dogs bark.
Grass is green.
Tulsidas's Ramayan :
1. a table, apples, men, honesty, gold
(Ramayan written by Tulsidas)
(objects of Verbs
The Girls school :
2. a teacher, a bag, light, joy, milk
(the school for girls)
My father's house : (complements of Verbs)
(the house my father lives in) 3. the room, the garden, a table, the shade,
(the house my father owns) night
The Earth's creatures : (objects of prepositions)
(creatures living on the earth) 4. walls, day, season, pages, Hari
Duty's call : (Passessive)
(call of duty)
 Exercise 2 Exercise 3
Write the plural forms of the following Write the feminine gender forms of the
nouns :- following :-
bus, ox, class, mango, hero, story, city, leaf, bullock, cock, gentleman, horse, king,
roof, tooth, mouse, deer, sheep, key, toy, nephew, sir, uncle, host, poet, prince,
play, kite, guava, house, market. emperor, hero, landlord, grandfather.

NOUN
Directions :- Correct the following sentences by 24. I often think of the happy days of childness.
changing the appropriate form of noun. 25. I recognized your sound at once.
1. We all love honestly. 26. He gave me a basket of grapes.
2. The elephant has great power. 27. A group of robbers sorrounded the house.
3. The Bramhaputra overflows its bank every 28. The silk factory is progressing.
year.
29. He shows the quality of patriotic
4. Without health there is no happy.
30. Wise is better than strength.
5. I believe in her innocent.
6. What is your verdict, gentlemen of the NOUN AND NUMBER
judge? Direction:- Correct the following sentences by
7. The Tajmahal is a beautiful tower. changing the number.
8. Delhi is the capital of Indians. 1. The sceneries of the Himalays are very
9. Switch on the fans and close the door. charming.

10. Healthy is wealthy. 2. India cannot accept the Two-nations theory.

11. Cleaning is next to godliness. 3. Our peasantry is very poor.

12. Solomon was famous for his learning. 4. He gave me several informations.

13. Always speak the truth. 5. There are ten thousands boys in Delhi
University.
14. The jury were divided in their opinion.
6. We cannot live without air.
15. The fleet of birds flew over the trees.
7. Physics are taught even in school today.
16. A people of robbers entered the city at
night. 8. Collect all the datas carefully in support of
your dictas.
17. The committe has approved of his
appointment 9. Wonderful phenomenons have suddenly
appeared.
18. The police men were trying to control the
mob. 10. Commander-in-chiefs get handsome pay.

19. The public listened in breathless silence to 11. Dr. S.N. Lal is a man of letters.
the play back singer. 12. Let me buy some vegetables.
20. The sholder were rewarded for their 13. The house is out of repairs.
bravery. 14. His circumstance is not good.
21. Loyal to one's country is duty of a citizen. 15. I have got a few dozen of pens and score
22. Sachin is the Bradman of India. of eggs.
23. The road of some of our cities are noted 16. Let us take a two-miles walk.
for their perverseness. 17. Neha got full mark in Grammar.
 18. The Indian team defeated the English by 14. The proprieter accepted the worker's
an inning. demands
19. Peoples above eighty years of age are not 15. keat's was a great-lover of nature.
allowed to travel by air. 16. Five kilogram's weight is not big weight.
20. Please cut it with a scissor. 17. Children should not seek admission to the
21. The house was reduced to an ashes. elder's society
22. Shear has been purchased for my garden. 18. I buy all my clothes of the family because
23. Politics is the outcome rather than the cause my housband has such poor taste.
of social change. 19. One of the world greatest problems is
24. Do you know the agendums of the meeting. terrorism.

25. Our country is proud of great genii like 20. Italian women like to keep up with the
Gandhi and Nehru. latest fashions.

26. He eats fishes every day. 21. Bhavana studies in a womens' college.

27. My wife is in high spirit today. 22. Everybody's should do his duty.

28. Our surrounding was pleasant. 23. He is a friend of my younger brother.

29. She gave him some informations. 24. Has he met Mohan and Sohan's children?

30. All the radius of a circle are equal. 25. Does she like the building's decoration?
26. The audience listened to Dinkar and
NOUN AND CASE Bachchan's poems.
27. The publisher paid his employees two
Direction: Correct the following sentences by
month's wages.
changing the case.
28. What is his programme of tomorrow?
1. India's players were determinded to win
the world cup. 29. Your performance in the examination is
not so good as my.
2. Now a days, girls go to the beauty parlour
for fashion's sake. 30. He wants to marry my brother's-in-law
younger sister.
3. She has seen Tagore's the poet's paintings.
Direction: Find out the error part of the following
4. Yeats' works are famouse in English
sentences.
literature.
1. It is difficut for me (a) / to carry such a
5. Jeasus's life was painful.
heavy (b) /pile of grain on the head. (c) /
6. This is a picture of the king. No error (d)
7. He attends st. Michael High-School but 2. The principal gave(a) / him punishness (b)
my cousin attends st. Karen. / for telling a lie.(c) / No error (d)
8. Rohan performance in the examination is 3. Loyal to one's (a) /country is the (b) / duty
better than Sohan of a citizen. (c) / No error (d)
9. A ton weight is too heavy for me to lift. 4. Wothout healthiness (a) /there is no (b) /
10. Shakespear wrote many dramas but love's happiness.(c) / No error (d)
labour lost was one of them. 5. I was very nervous during the (a) /
11. A table's legs were broken by my angry appointment and I'm sure they'll give (b) /
daughters. the job to someone else.(c) / No error (d)
12. Jesus's preachings are of great importance. 6. A trained gang of sailors (a) / was
employed (b) / on the ship.(c) / No error(d)
13. Today newspaper gives us a lot of
information.
 7. The team members should (a) / listen to 19. Her first offspring could not survive (a) /
the advices given by the (b) / captain and but her other two offsprings (b) / are alive
the manager.(c) / No error (d) till now.(c) / No error (d)
8. The Hindus, the Muslims. the Sikhs and 20. The surrounding of this museum (a) /
the Christians (a) / are brothers so they attracts a large number of people (b) /
(b)/ love one another.(c) / No error (d) coming from the other places . (c) / No
9. The law of indexes proves (a) / very helpful error (d)
in algebraic (b) / calculations. (c) / No 21. Five summons have been issued by the
error(d) high court (a) / but he has (b) / not turned
10. Aditi Priya was unable to (a) / support her up yet.(c) / No error (d)
parent even though both of them (b) / had 22. The pendula of these clocks are (a) / not
no income of their own.(c) / No error (d) working properly hence she has (b) /
11. He knows many languages but the (s) / decided to sell them.(c) / No error (d)
German and the Chinese alphabet (b) / will 23. The Prime Minister of India's (a) / Mr.
be a problem for him (c) / No error (d) Manmohan Singh's visit to Malasia
12. The Cotton Textile Company cannot work strengthened (b) / the relation ship between
properly (a) / unless it employs a (b) / India and Malasia. (c) / No error (d)
talented sale-representative (c) /No error(d) 24. India and America's present (a) / condition
13. It is harmful to take cupsful of (a) / coffee indicate that both the countries will (b) /
eight times (b) /a day (c) /No error (d) have to face economic crisis. (c) / No error
(d)
14. Perfumeries seem to be costly (a) / in
Arabian countries because (b) / of high 25. I'm sorry but (a) / I was very busy and (b)
demand as well as expenditure. (c) / No / couldn't spare the time. (c) / No error (d)
error (d) 26. Asia's countries have (a) / learned a great
15. The publisher was astonished to know (a) deal (b) / from western countries. (c) / No
/that the gentries of the village were (b) / error (d)
not invited to the marriage party.(c) / No 27. Its good to go out to work (a) / because
error (d) you come into contact with (b) / other
16. The earthquake is (a) /a natural phenomena people. (c) / No error (d)
and it (b) /is beyond human control.(c) / 28. The teachers will be able to visit our
No error (d) schools (a) / and compare our teaching's
17. Dr. C.K Narayan declared that Ramu's (b) / methods with their own.(c) / No error
intestines (a) / was not working properly (d)
and so he needed medical (b) / treatment 29. I've come here to do (a) / a master degree
for a long time. (c) /No error (d) (b) / in international journalism. (c) / No
18. Shobhana does her best but she (a) / does error (d)
not under stand why she does not get (b)/ 30. A pair of goggle (a) / was brought from
expected mark in the examination. (c) / the market for Vikas making (b) / him fit
No error (d) to a gentleman. (c) / No error (d)

ANSWERS
1. Honesty 6. ........Jury.
2. great strength 7. ........building.
3. ........its banks every year. 8. ........ India.
4. ........no happiness. 9. ........ on the fan.
5. ........innocence. 10. Health is wealth.
 11. Cleanliness......... 23. Politics are ........
12. ........for his wisdom 24. ........agenda........
13. correct. 25. ........geniuses........
14. ........ opiniouns. 26. ........fish
15. The flock of birds......... 27. ........spirits.
16. A gang of robbers........ 28. Our surrounding were........
17. correct. 29. ........ information.
18. The police were........ 30. ........radii........
19. The andience........
NOUN AND CASE
20. The soldiers........
21. Loyalty to ........ 1. The Indian players........
22. Correct. 2. ........ for fashion sake.
23. The street of ........ 3. ........tagore........
24. ........ childhood. 4. yeats's........
25. ........your voice. 5. Jesus'........
26. ........a bunch of grapes. 6. ........king's
27. A gang of robbers........ 7. Correct.
28. The silk industry........ 8. Rohan's........Sohan's
29. ........ patriotism. 9. A ton's weight........
30. wisdom is ........ 10. ........ love's labour's lost........
11. The legs of a table........
NOUN AND NUMBER 12. Jesus'........
1. The scenery........is ........ 13. Today's
2. ........ Two nations......... 14. ........workers' demands.
3. ........are very poor. 15. keats........
4. ........information. 16. kilograms'........
5. ........ thousand........ 17. ........elders' society.
6. ........air. 18. ........familiy's clothes.
7. ........ is........schools. 19. ........world's........
8. ........ data........dicta. 20. Italian's ........
9. ........ phenomena......... 21. ........ women's
10. commanders-in-chief........ 22. Every body........
11. ........letter. 23. ........ younger brother's
12. ........vegetable. 24. ........Mohan's and Sohan's........
13. ........repair. 25. ........the decoration of the building.
14. ........ circumstances are ........ 26. ........Dinakar's and Bachchan's froms.
15. ........scores........ 27. ........the months' wages.
16. ........two-mile. 28. ........tomorrow's programme.
17. ........ marks 29. ........as mine.
18. ........innings. 30. ........brother-in-low younger sister.
19. people........
COMMON ERROR
20. ........with scissors.
21. ........ to ashes. 1. (c) ........ a heavy sheaf of grains........
22. shears have ........ 2. (b) ........punishment
 3. (a) loyalty ........ 17. (b)........ intestines were.
4. (a). health........ 18. (c). expected marks.
5. (b). during the interview........ 19. (a) ........ offsprings.
6. (a) ........ crew of sailors. 20. (a). sorroundings.
7. (b)........ piece of advice. 21. (a). summonses.
8. (b) ........ brethren......... 22. (a). pendulam.
9. (a) ........ indices. 23. (a). India.
10. (b)........parents. 24. (a). India's and........
11. (b). alphabets. 25. (d)
12. (c). sales representative. 26. (a) Asian Countries
13. (a) ........ cupuls........ 27. (a) It's good.
14. (a)........perfumery seems. 28. (b) Our teaching.
15. (b) ........ gentry. 29. (b) master's degree.
16. (b).........phenomenon........ 30. (a)......... a pair of googles.........
 PRONOUN
Radhey is a good boy. He is here. 4.
I do my work and she does ..................... .
I know Sudha. She knows me. 5.
.................brush our teeth daily.
This is a book. Who put it here? 6.
We decorated ................. class and they
Some like tea and others, coffee. decorated ..................... .
noun 7. I have a dog. I call .............. Jack.
Noun 8. She has a ring. I like ............... design.
Pronoun 9. My father brought some books. He gave
............... to me.
KINDS
10. While we were in Shimla. We met a friend
(a) Personal Pronouns : of .................... .
I know Vinod. He knows me. I give him 11. We sat under a tree and played in ................
my books. He gives me his books. When we shade.
need anything, he takes mine and I take his. You
12. Did you hurt ..................... toe when you
all know this.
were running?
1. me, my, mine; speaker
13. She has completed ................ work.
you speaker
he, his, him 14. Trees shed ................. leaves in winter in
speaker England.
Pronouns Personal Pronouns 15. Nature has ................. own laws.
(b) Demonstrative Pronouns :
Personal Pronouns number, gender, This is Mr. Verma.
function forms That is his office.
Function These are flowers.
Person Number Gender Subject Object Pose-
ssive Those are plants.
First Singular I me my, This, that, these, those noun
mine Pronouns
Plural we us our,
ours Demonstrative Pronouns
Second Singular you you your Demonstrative Pronous
Plural yours
Masculine he him his
Third Singular Feminine she her her, (c) Interrogative Pronouns :
hers What is this?
Neuter it it its
Plural they them their, It is a book.
theirs Who broke this chair?
Anil broke it.
Exercise 1
Who did you meet on the way?
Fill in the blanks with appropriate pronoun
forms : I met my friend on the way.
1. .......... wash my clothes myself. Here are some books. Which is yours?
2. The students have gone on a tour with The book with the red cover is mine.
............. teachers. Whose is that?
3. The little girl was weeping because ............. That is Bimla's.
has lost .................... bangles.
 Pronouns what, who, whom, which, those I know the man who painted this scenery.
The girl whom you saw in my room is an artist.
nouns Only those boys whose work is complete, will
Interrogative Pronouns be allowed to go.
We reached a hut which stood on the bank
Exercise 2 of the river.
Fill in the gaps with suitable interrogative He lost the watch that his father had given
Pronouns. him.
Study the examples : All that I said is true.
Examples : This is the best book that I have read.
1. .......... was there at the door? This is not such a good film as I expected.
Who was there at the door? My condition is the same as his (is).
2. This book is mine ................ is yours ? Pronouns who, whose, whom, which, that
as
1. ........... has the keys of my room ? noun
noun Pronoun
2. ........... of these books do you want ?
antecedent
3. ........... do you wish to meet ? Relative Pronouns bold type
4. ............ was he selling ? antecedents Relative Pronouns
5. ............ do they prefer : meat or fish ? antecedent number subject
6. ............ is easier : swimmig or rowing ? Relative (who, which, that)
7. ............ went to see that film with you ?
The teacher punished the boy who were
8. ............ of these roads leads to Varanasi ?
making a noise.
9. ............ is the best player in your team ?
The teacher punished the boy who was
10. ............ are these cows ? making a noise.
(d) Indefinite Pronouns :
Function Masculine and Neuter
Some think John is a coward. Fenimine
You have a lot of sugar. Can you give me Subject Who/that Which/that
some?
Object Whom/that Which/that
Only very few are true friends.
Many of the students do not know how to Possessive Whose Whose/of which
write an essay. Who which
In the accident I were drowned and none that who
could be save. which
I know english, out only a little. Exercise 1
Can any of you do this work ? Fill in the blank in each of the following
Pronouns, sentences with a suitable relative pronoun. Study
the example.
Pronouns Examples
Indefinite Pronouns 1. The old man ........... lived next door, died
of cholera.
Much little (quantity) The old man who lives next door died of
may, few (number) quantity cholera.
some
2. The flower ........... I picked this morning
Affirmative Statements any
are still fresh.
Negative interrogative Sentences
The flower that I picked this morning are
still fresh.
(e) Relative Pronouns
3. The man .......... cycle you have bought is a Neither of the two books is good.
cheat. Pronouns each, either, neither
The man whose cycle you have bought is a singular
cheat. Distributive Pronouns
1. The man .......... we met in the dining hall is
a famous short story writer.
2. This is the lady ..... car has been stolen. (g) Reflexive Pronouns :
3. The books .............. are lying on the table, 1. She hurt herself when she was cutting
are mine. vegetables.
4. I know the man ............ wrote this letter. 2. I covered myself with a blanket.
5. The knife ............... you gave me is blunt. 3. He said to himself that he had made a
6. The doctor ............. we have sent for is a mistake.
famous physician. Reflexive Pronouns, Personal pronoun forms
7. The ring ............... I lost was made of gold. my, our, your, him, her, them, it self/selves
8. The novel .............. he lent me was very object object
interesting. (object of verb, object of a preposition)
forms Subject
9. All ................. glitters is not gold.
subject
10. This is not such a good book ................ I Subject
expected. Reflexive Pronoun
Exercise 2 Subject Object identical
Fill in the blank in each of the following
sentences with a suitable relative pronoun. (h) Emphatic Pronouns :
1. The house ............... he lives in is very small. I wash my clothes myself.
2. Students ........... parents are poor may apply
for fee concession. He is himself responsible for his failure.
3. Planes ................ fly long distances usually
have jet engines. Reflexive Emphatic Pronouns, form
4. The letters .............. I received yesterday
were from my friends. Subject Verb action
5. What colour is the shirt .............. you bought being emphasis
yesterday? Pronouns Emphatic
6. Hari, .............. father is in Delhi, has opened Pronouns
a shop there.
7. This is the boy ............... broke the bat. (i) Reciprocal Pronouns :
8. The servant ................ we employed last Anil and Suresh help each other.
month has fallen ill. We are three friends. We love one another.
9. The boys .............. you praised are indeed Each other one another
very hard working. Mutual reciprocal relationship
10. The last man ............... boarded the train is
our captain. Pronouns Object
each other one
another
(f) Distributive Pronouns :
Each of these students got a prize.
Either of the two girls could have broken
this plate.
1. (A) Mahatma Gandhi taught us / (B) that 20. (A) Mr. Sharma, our representative, / (B)
one should respect / (C) the religions of he will attend the meeting / (C) on our
others as much as his own / (D) No error. behalf / (D) No error.
2. (A) He, You and I / (B) shall manage / (C) 21. (A) If the teacher is good / (B) the students
this problem together / (D) no error. will respond / (C) positively to them / (D)
3. (A) Was it him / (B) who got injured / (C) No error.
in an accident this morning / (D) No error. 22. (A) It is not difficult to believe that a man/
4. (A) As soon as he / (B) saw his mother / (B) who has lived in this city for a long
(C) he ran to her and embraced / (D) No time / (C) he will never feel at home
error. anywhere else in the world / (D) No error.
5. (A) Due to me being a newcomer / (B) I 23. (A) Each girl was / (B) given a bunch of
was unable to get a house / (C) suitable for flowers / (C) which pleased her very much/
my wife and me / (D) No error. (D) No error.
6. (A) The audience / (B) are requested / (C) 24. (A) As it was Rajan's / (B) first interview
to be in its seats / (D) No error. he dressed him / (C) in his most formal
suit / (D) No error.
7. (A) The scientist must follow / (B) his
hunches and his data / (C) wherever it may 25. (A) Myself and Gopalan / (B) will take
lead / (D) No error. care of / (C) the function on Sunday / (D)
No error.
8. (A) I am used to / (B) many guests 26. (A) Civil servants should / (B) acquit
everyday/ (C) but there was none today/ efficiently / (C) in the service of a common
(D) No error. man / (D) No error.
9. (A) The number of vehicles / (B) playing 27. (A) Avail every chance that comes your
on this road / (C) is more than on the main way/ (B) lest you should / (C) repent in the
road / (D) No error. long run / (D) No error.
10. (A) Being a destitute / (B) I admitted him/ 28. (A) There should be / (B) no
(C) to an old people's home / (D) No error. misunderstanding between / (C) your father
11. (A) One should make / (B) his best efforts and she / (D) No error.
if one wishes to achieve / (C) success in 29. (A) Let Raj and she / (B) complete this
this organisation / (D) No error. job/ (C) as they like to do it / (D) No error.
12. (A) May I / (B) know who you want / (C)
to see please / (D) No error. 30. (A) It was with great difficulty / (B) that
13. (A) Our is the only country / (B) in the each of the brothers / (C) could get their
world that can boast of / (C) unity in share of property / (D) No error.
diversity / (D) No error. 31. (A) They that run / (B) after fame and
14. (A) Last summer he went / (B) to his uncle's money / (C) are likely to be disappointed /
village / (C) and enjoyed very much / (D) (D) No error.
No error. 32. (A) Both he as well as I / (B) are going to
15. (A) If I were him / (B) I would have taught Delhi / (C) tomorrow to buy new
/ (C) those cheats a lesson / (D) No error. motorbyke/ (D) No error.
16. (A) Those sort of people/(B) usually do not 33. (A) It is only one of her novels / (B) that
/ (C) earn fame in society / (D) No error. have been published / (C) till date / (D) No
17. (A) Being a very / (B) hot day I / (C) error.
remained indoors / (D) No error. 34. (A) Neither of the two brothers / (B) has
18. (A) Had I come / (B) to know about his got their money back / (C) from the agency/
difficulties / (C) I would have certainly (D) No error.
helped / (D) No error. 35. (A) You and I / (B) are expected to do your
19. (A) One of them / (B) forget to take their duty / (C) in the interest of the students /
bag / (C) from the school / (D) No error. (D) No error.
36. (A) Anyone of the students / (B) is not 44. (A) The only person / (B) who can read
allowed to keep / (C) their books in the and write / (C) English well is my friend /
staff room / (D) No error. (D) No error.
37. (A) Everybody is honest / (B) in my office 45. (A) The Ganga is a river / (B) whose origin/
and does / (C) their work honestly / (D) No (C) has always been a matter of conjecture/
error. (D) No error.
38. (A) I don't like / (B) that you told / (C) my 46. (A) My friend / (B) is honest &
father last night / (D) No error. hardworking, / (C) isn't it ? / (D) No error.
39. (A) What is it / (B) which makes / (C) life 47. (A) They did not go / (B) to attend the
happy ? / (D) No error. marriage of their neighbour's daughter, / (C)
didn't they ? / (D) No error.
40. (A) She is a woman / (B) who I know / (C)
you can rely upon / (D) No error. 48. (A) It is difficult to say / (B) who is the
better / (C) of the two sisters / (D) No error.
41. (A) Don't respect such persons / (B) who
have / (C) no respect for elders / (D) No 49. (A) It is the best / (B) which we can do /
error. (C) in the present circumstances / (D) No
error.
42. (A) When warned / (B) he stopped himself/
(C) at once / (D) No error. 50. (A) His marks in History / (B) are higher /
(C) than English / (D) No error.
43. (A) He is the same person / (B) who was
present / (C) in the wedding party last night/
(D) No error.

ANSWERS
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. A
6. C 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. A
11. B 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A
16. A 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. B
21. C 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A
26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. C
31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. B
36. C 37. C 38. B 39. B 40. B
41. B 42. B 43. B 44. B 45. B
46. C 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. C
 ADJECTIVES
A. 1. I saw an old man walking with a stick. 6. That rose is black.
2. He lives in a small village. (i) Attributively
3. The peacock is a beautiful bird. 7. I like green vegetables.
4. He is a tall man. (ii) Predicatively
5. I chose the red balloon. 8. Those vegetables are green.
6. We like to eat sweet apples. Adjectives (old, small,
B. 1. Some people get angry soon. black green) (man, house, rose,
2. Is there any boy in the class now ? vegetables)
Adjectives
3. This is the same book. I lent you last
Attributive Use
time.
Adjectives (old, small,
4. I don't like such films.
black green) Linking Verbs complements
5. Which fruit do you like most ? Predicate part
Bold face Nouns Adjectives, subject complement
Pronouns quality Predicative
Use
number (b) Restrictive Adjectives
quantity question
(i) Adjective of Quantity
Adjective
Noun Pronoun I want some water.
The cat drank all the milk in the pot.
We need a little rest.
KINDS Is there any tea in the pot.
(a) Descriptive Adjectives : There was no sugar in the tea you gave me.
An old man, a tall girl, a small house, sweet He hasn't much work to do.
mangoes, red balloons, a rich merchant, a healthy
Adjectives (some, all, a little, any, no, much)
child, phrases bold face Adjectives
quantity
nouns quality state
Adjectives of
Adjectives
Quantity
Descriptive Adjectives adjectives
(ii) Numeral Adjectives
(i) Attributively I haven't many friends.
1. He is an old man. Did you get any letter from him this week?
(ii) Predicatively There were only a few seats lying vacant.
2. My father is old. We have no fans in the library.
(i) Attributively I have warned him several times.
3. I have a small house. My father bought me some toys.
(ii) Predicatively The first edition of my book has already
been sold out.
4. My house is small.
Two boys came to me quarrelling.
(i) Attributively
All the students of the class passed the
5. That is a black rose.
examination.
(ii) Predicatively
 Adjectives (many, any, a few, no, several, (e) adjective –
some, first, two) number unique, perfect, universal, eternal, excellent etc.
Degrees of Comparison
Numeral Adjectives (i) Positive : Adjective
Positive Degree
(iii) Demonstrative Adjectives a tall tree, a clever fox, a dark
This box is very heavy. room etc.
That boy topped the list. (ii) Comparative : Adjective nouns/
These books are not to sale. pronouns
Those girls will take part in the concert.
Comparative Degree
Kunti and Chitra are in the same class.
This tree is taller than that.
I don't like such films.
The fox was clever than the crow.
Adjectives (this, that, these, those, same,
Your room is darken than mine.
such)
Demonstrative (iii) Superlative : adjective
Adjectives noun/pronouns
noun/pronoun
(iv) Distributive Adjectives
Superlative Degree
Each pen costs five rupees.
This tree is the tallest of the three.
I have read every book myself.
A lion is the strongest of all the animals.
There were shops on either side of the road.
Degree of Comparison
He gave me two bats. Neither bat was good.
(i) Adjectives Comparative
Adjectives (each, every, either, neither) Superlative degree forms irregular
Positive Comparative Superlative
noun
Distributive bad worse worst
Adjectives fore former foremost, first
(v) Interrogative Adjectives good better best
Which fruit do you like most ? late later, latter latest, last
What places would you like to visit in little less least
Hyderabad? much more most
Adjectives (which, what) many more most
old older, elder oldest, eldest
Interrogative Adjectives (ii) Syllable Adjectives (big,
small, dear etc.) Syllable adjective
(clever, easy, lovely etc.) positive degree
DEGREE OF COMPARISON –er –est comparative
Descriptive Adjectives superlative degree
Restrictive Adjectives (much, little, many, few) Positive Comparative Superlative
Degrees of big bigger biggest
Comparison small smaller smallest
Adjectives degrees of comparison
dear dearer dearest
(a) colour – blue, green, purple, orange etc.
cheap cheaper cheapest
(b) shape – round, square, circular etc.
clever cleverer cleverest
(c) time – weekly, monthly, annual, quarterly
easy easier easiest
etc.
lovely lovelier loveliest
(d) mass noun (concrete) adjectives
– creamy, silken, golden, oily etc. happy happier happiest
 (ii) syllable 4. He did not give me ............. help.
syllable adjective positive 5. I asked him .............. questions, but he did
degrees more/less comparative not answer .................. .
degree Most/less Superlative degree
6. Is there .............. boy in your class who can
speak French ?
Example :
7. I need ............ time to answer this question.
more difficult, most difficult
more beautiful, most beautiful 8. Did you get .............. letter from your father
last week?
9. The teacher asked his students if they had
Exercise 1
............... difficulty.
Apply much or more to fill the blank spaces
in the following : 10. He made ........... valuable suggestions.
1. We found his house without ......... difficulty.
Exercise 3
2. .......... villages were washed away by floods.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences
3. We don't get .............. time to read with the correct degree of comparison of the
magazines in our school. adjective given in brackets.
4. ........... students of your class have applied 1. My grandfather is the ............... member of
for fee concession. our family (old).
5. How ........... money do you need to buy a
2. Mt. Everest is the ................. peak in the
radio?
world (high).
6. He didn't make ........... mistake in his essay.
3. A fox is ................ than a crow. (clever)
7. It does not make ............ difference to me.
4. I would prefer to buy the .............. edition
8. Have I got to read .......... books on this of this book (late).
topic?
5. He made .............. mistakes in his essay than
9. Is there ............ salt in the soup? you (many).
10. He didn't answer ............. important
6. The Taj is one of the ................. buildings
questions.
in the world (beautiful).
11. ............. people escaped unhurt in that
7. This box is ............. than the other one
accident.
(heavy).
12. We shouldn't waste ............... time in useless
discussion. 8. Bhola was the .............. person in my village
(rich).
13. There aren't .............. difficult words in this
passage. 9. Is Mukesh the .............. of the two sons
(young).
14. Did you find ................ difficulty in getting
the berths reserved. 10. Which is the ............. day of the year ? (long)
11. Which is ........... gold or silver? (costly)
Exercise 2 12. Prevention is ........... than cure. (good)
Apply some or any to fill the blank spaces 13. His condition is .............. than before. (bad)
in the following : 14. Chitra is the ............... of the three daughter
1. There isn't ............. tea in this pot. (old).
2. Didn't he give you ............. books yesterday? 15. Even the ............. worker can make a
I am sure he did. mistake (careful).
3. I want ............. paper.
ADJECTIVES 19. (A) Little care on your part / (B) would
1. (A) There were/(B) no less than fifty persons/ have made you / (C) more successful than
(C) present in the room/(D) No error. your friend / (D) No error.
2. (A) Few remarks / (B) that he made were/ 20. (A) He is as intelligent if not more
(C) offensive to my friend / (D) no error. intelligent / (B) than his brother who has
qualified / (C) for this post / (D) No error.
3. (A) It is a / (B) worth watching
documentary/ (C) & you must not miss it / 21. (A) She is better than / (B) any girl that
(D) No error. studies / (C) in our institute / (D) No error.
4. (A) Of all the students / (B) Rita was less 22. (A) The latest chapter of this novel / (B)
worried / (C) when the date for the annual is the most comprehensive of all / (C) the
examination was announced / (D) No error. chapters in the books / (D) No error.
5. (A) Even the most perfect person / (B) in 23. (A) She was not punished / (B) though she
the world is said to have erred / (C) when came / (C) latter than I / (D) No error.
there was time to perform / (D) No error. 24. (A) She is the best / (B) and beautiful girl/
6. (A) The meeting was postponed / (B) (C) or our class / (D) No error.
because only a few number of persons / 25. (A) My notes are superior / (B) than yours
(C) were present there / (D) No error. although I have prepared / (C) them in a
7. (A) In the opinion of everyone / (B) she is hurry / (D) No error.
wiser / (C) than beautiful / (D) No error. 26. (A) Of all other my neighbours / (B) he is
8. (A) The tiger is / (B) as swift as / (C) any the kindest / (C) and the most considerate/
animal / (D) No error. (D) No error.
9. (A) He had to cut a sorry figure / (B) when 27. (A) The works of Shakespeare / (B) are
he realised that he had / (C) no any money more famous than / (C) any other English
in his purse / (D) No error. dramatist / (D) No error.
28. (A) It is all the more better / (B) if you
10. (A) Of the three ministers / (B) which do work / (C) in my company / (D) No error.
you think / (C) is going to prove more
successful / (D) No error. 29. (A) A little quantity of sugar / (B) is required
to meet / (C) with the present demands /
11. (A) Neither she is intelligent / (B) nor hard (D) No error.
working / (C) and still she expects to secure
first class / (D) No error. 30. (A) He doesn't need / (B) your help because/
(C) he is too intelligent / (D) No error.
12. (A) I requested him / (B) to lend me few
books / (C) that might help me in my 31. (A) It was bitter cold / (B) so we preferred/
studies/ (D) No error. (C) not to go out that morning / (D) No
error.
13. (A) Your essay / (B) should not exceed more
than / (C) hundred words / (D) No error. 32. (A) No animal / (B) is as sacred to the
Hindus / (C) as the cow is / (D) No error.
14. (A) He is the tallest / (B) than anybody /
(C) in the school / (D) No error. 33. (A) There is no name / (B) more glorious
than Sardar Patel / (C) in the history of
15. (A) I was surprised / (B) to see her speak/ India.
(C) with somewhat anger / (D) No error.
34. (A) It very often happens / (B) that a man
16. (A) My brother is elder / (B) then me who talks most / (C) does little / (D) No
although / (C) he looks younger / (D) No error.
error.
35. (A) From all accounts I learn that / (B) he
17. (A) Could you please / (B) give me any is the best and honest member / (C) of the
money / (C) to buy food ? / (D) No error. new cabinet / (D) No error.
18. (A) Privatisation offers the most ideal 36. (A) The flood situation / (B) this year is
situation / (B) for consumers because worst than / (C) that prevailed in the last
private sector / (C) is very conscious of year / (D) No error.
quality / (D) No error.
37. (A) Geometry and Drawing / (B) are more 43. (A) What is worst, this distortion / (B)
easier than / (C) Geography and Social cannot be corrected / (C) by either contact
Studies / (D) No error. lens or glasses / (D) No error.
38. (A) Some people get used to / (B) changes 44. (A) Early rising / (B) brings out the better/
very easily / (C) than others do / (D) No (C) in a story writer / (D) No error.
error. 45. (A) Being the only people there / (B) their
39. (A) My uncle forbade me / (B) not to go presence was / (C) most important / (D)
through / (C) the contents of his letter / (D) No error.
No error. 46. (A) He is now making matters / (B) a lot
40. (A) Of all the friends / (B) I have had / (C) more worse by his almost / (C) daily
he is the most helpful and less arrogant / apologies for having done so / (D) No error.
(D) No error. 47. (A) I tried on both the dresses / (B) and
41. (A) Our new playground / (B) is big and finally decided / (C) to buy the expensive
cleaner / (C) than theirs / (D) No error. one / (D) No error.
42. (A) The car flew off the road / (B) and fell 48. (A) Everyone felt / (B) that the big glittering
into the valley / (C) because Aashish was diamond / (C) was most unique / (D) No
driving faster / (D) No error. error.

ANSWERS
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. A
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A
6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. C
11. A 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. C
16. B 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. A
21. A 22. A 23. C 24. 25. B
26. B 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. C
31. A 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. B
36. B 37. B 38. B 39. B 40. C
41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. C
46. B 47. C 48. C
 VERB
Verb : A Verb is a word used for saying something object
about some person or thing or A Verb is a word Transitive verb –
that states something about a person or a thing.
1. The man killed a snake.
Verb 2. The boy opened the window.
Verb 3. Aditi made a doll.
Sentences verbs – killed, opened,
1. Aditi laughs. made objects a snake, the window
2. The dog is dead. a doll verbs killed,
3. The boys are eating food. opened, made
4. Aditya goes to school. Transitive verbs
5. The policeman arrested the thief. 2. Intransitive verb : A verb which does not require
an object to complete its sense, but makes good
Sentences laughs, is, are, goes sense by itself, is called an intransitive verb.
arrested Aditi, the
verb
dog, the boys, Aditya the policeman
object Intransitive verb
Verbs
verb object
A verb may tell us :
Intransitive verb –
(i) What a person or thing does : –
1. The man died. 2. The girl smiled.
1. Ramita sings.
3. The sun shines.
2. Boys run quickly.
(ii) What is done to a person or things : sentences verbs – died, smiled,
– shines object
1. The chair is broken. Intransitive verbs
2. Binay is punished. Note : (i) What ? or whom ?
(iii) What a person or thing is : – object verb,
1. The dog is dead. Transitive
2. Glass is brittle.
Kinds of verb Some Important facts of Verb
Verb
Rule (1) : Transitive verbs give, ask,
offer, promise, tell etc. object
Transitive Verb Intransitive Verb Indirect object direct object
I. Transitive and Intransitive verb Indirect object
direct object Indirect
1. Transitive verb : A verb which requires an object
after it to complete its sense is called a Transitive object direct object
verb. Direct object Indirect object
verb object –
Transitive verb verb
Subject Verb Indirect Direct I carried out his orders.
object object We take about the affair.
She gave me an apple Note : Preposition, verb
The teacher told us a story –
I offered him some money The Ganga river overflows its bank.
He promised us a holiday Akbar overcame the enemy.
She asked me its price He bravely withstood the attack.
Will you make me a cup of tea?
Can you get me a dozen Rule 4 : Intransitive verbs
eggs? object verb
Note : Preposition to or for Direct object cognate object or cognate
object Indirect object Accusative
Cognate object : An object similar in meaning to
Subject VerbDirect Prepo- Indirect the verb is called a cognate object, –
object sition object He died a glorious death.
She gave an apple to me He has fought a good fight.
The teacher told a story to us She dreamt a strange dream.
I offered some money to him She sang a sweet song.
He promised a holiday to us He lived a virtuous life.
She asked its price to me
Will you make a cup of tea for me? Rule 5 : Transitive verbs
Can you get a dozen eggs for me? Intransitive verbs –
Transitive Intransitive
Rule 2 : verbs Transitive 1. She eats bread. We eat to live.
or Intransitive verb form 2. The boy broke the glass. The glass broke.
(without any change of form) 3. He opened the door. The door soon
– opened.
Transitive Intransitive 4. He burnt his fingers. He burnt with rage.
1. I walk my horse every day. The horse walks. 5. The wind shook the house. The earth shook.
2. The horse drew the cart She drew near me.
3. The driver stopped The train stopped Rule 6 : Noun Verb, Adjective
the train. suddenly. Adjective Adverb modify time,
4. The peon rang the bell. The bell rang. place, distance, weight, value etc. denote
5. He moves the table. The earth moves. Adverbial object or Adverbial Accusative
Accusative or objective case
Note : Verbs – come, go, fall, die, sleep, lie... etc. –
Intransitive verbs We went home.
Rule 3 : Intransitive verbs, preposition The mobile set costs two thousand rupees.
Transitive He held the post for five years.
– He can't wait a moment longer.
He laughed at me. She looked into the matter. She swam a mile.
No one relies on my word.
 II. Verbs of Incomplete Predication Rule (4) : Transitive verbs object
Rule (1) : Intransitive verb complete sense object complement
verb of complete predication complement factitive
– –
The girl laughs. The baby weeps. The loss filled us with grief.
Birds fly. Boys sleep. He set the criminals free.
Ingtransitive verbs – word – filled with grief
laughs, weeps, fly, sleep set free verbal idea present
verbs of complete predication
Rule (2) : Intransitive verbs Noun, –
Adjective or some part of another verb 1. The loss grieved us.
complete sense verbs, verbs of 2. He freed the criminals.
Incomplete predication Verbs of
incomplete predication verb to Rule (5) : Factitive verb complement
be, seem, become, appear etc. Noun, Adjective, participle, preposition with object,
– Infinitive Adverb –
The boy seems. He became. We made him captain. (Noun)
He appears. The earth is. The judge set the robber free. (Adjective)
Intransitive verbs– seems, I found her still sleeping (Participle)
became, appears, is Your story filled with me with horror. (Prep.
verbs word with obj.)
noun, Adjective, I liked my enemy to be punished. (Infinitive)
some part of another verb They found her (Object) asleep. (Adverb)
Note : (i) Intransitive Verb
complement Subject Refer
1. The boy seems tired. (Adjective) Subjective complement
2. He became a doctor. (Noun)
3. He appears pleased. Past participle (Part of (ii) Transitive verb complement
another verb) object Refer
4. The earth is round. (Adjective) Objective complement

Complement : The word or phrase used to complete Some Important facts of verb
the sense is called the complement.
Rule (1) : To be M.V4 –
Rule (3) : Intransitive verbs complement
He is trying to solve this problem.
Noun, Adjective, Participle, Preposition with
to be M.V4
object, Infinitive Adverb –
Rule (2) : Passive Voice To be M.V3
A cow is a domestic animal. (noun)
–
His elephant has gone mad. (Adjective)
A letter was written by him.
The child went on weeping. (Participle)
to be M.V3
That pen is of no use. (Prep. with obj.).
You have to come. (Infinitive)
She has fallen asleep. (Adverb)
Rule (3) : Has/have/had M.V3 Examples
– verb verb
A have done my work. Main verb
M.V3
He has written a letter. Main verb
M.V3
She had finished her home work.
M.V3
Rule (4) : Do/Does/did M.V1 V1 V2 V3
– 1. Bear bore borne/born
He does not write to her.
M.V1 2. Find found found
I do not go there.
M.V 1
3. Found founded founded
He did not come here.
M.V 1
4. Hang hung hung

Rule (5) : Modal Auxiliary verbs M.V1

5. Hang hanged hanged
–
He can do this work.
6. Lie lay lain
M.A.V. M.V1
You can and will help me.
7. Lay laid lain
M.A.V. M.A.V. M.V1

8. Lie lied lied

Rule (6) : Particular verb
Other verb –
1. She raised a problem. () 9. Rise rose risen
2. She rose a problem. ()
3. Who invented the telescope ? () 10. Raise raised raised
4. Who discovered the telescope ? ()
Example (1) raised
raised Rule (7) : Main verbs past
participle forms
Example (2) rose
rise –
Example (3) invented 1. A ship has sunk. ()
invent V3
2. A ship has sunken. ()
Example (4) discovered 3. He has drunk much. ()
discover V3
4. He has drunken much. ()
5. It was a sunken ship. () 6. Strike struck struck striken
Adj.
6. It was a sunk ship. ()
7. Cleave cleft/clove cleft cloven
7. He was a much drunken man. ()
Adj.
8. He was a much drunk man. () 8. Engrave engraved engraved engraven

V1 V2 V3 9. Melt melted melted molten

(Past participle)
(A) (B)
Plural Past used as used as 10. Seethe seethed seethed sodden
form of form 3rd form Adjectives
M.V of M.V
11. Shear sheared sheared shorn
1. Bind bound bound bounden

2. Drink drank drunk drunken

Note : (i) Table V3 section 'A'
3. Get got got gotten past participle form M.V3 third
form of main verb
4. Shrink shrank shrunk shrunken (ii) Table V3 section 'B'
past participle form Adjective
5. Sink sank sunk sunken

VERB
Directions : Find out the error in each of the 5. It being a stormy night, / you must thought
following sentences, if any. If there is no error, the (A) (B)
answer is 'E'. of postponing / all your programmes / till tomorrow
1. You must / not held in high esteem / those (C) (D)
(A) (B) morning. / No Error
who are / dangers to our society. / No Error (E)
(C) (D) (E) 6. Do you doubted about / the success of this
2. He is very / drunk, so / he cannot tell / you (A) (B)
(A) (B) (C) boy, / who is used to working / hard in all
even his name. / No Error (C) (D)
(D) (E) circumstances. / No Error
3. The problems that our / country has and will (E)
(A) (B) 7. We would also like to help your / if you
face / are the outcome of the selfishness / of our so (A)
(C) intend to execute / such lofty plans for the welfare
(B) (C)
called saviours. / No Error
/ of the society. / No Error
(D) (E)
(D) (E)
4. Never before / the students of India have so
8. The unreasonable behaviour / of his
(A) (B)
(A)
much been frustrated / as today when the problems
daughter / was thoroughly / upset Mr. Gupta. / No
(C) (B) (C) (D)
/ of unemployment are dominant. / No Error Error
(D) (E) (E)
 9. Rajan abided by / all the rules which / were 17. I hope the country's condition / may go
(A) (B) (A)
explained to him / before the programme. / No from bad to worse / unless all necessary steps / are
(C) (D) (B) (C)
Error taken to suppress terrorism / No Error
(E) (D) (E)
10. We were still talking / about what we should 18. Taking tea / he went to the office / and
(A) (B) (A) (B)
do / when we heard / the children shouting. / No disposed / of a lot of work. / No Error
(C) (D) (C) (D) (E)
Error 19. Only one dispute / has been settled / and
(E) (A) (B)
11. Being very often ill / and frequently absent, others left to both the parties / to settle. / No Error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
/ he had no opportunity to finish his work / or do 20. Without taking proper care, / the doctors
(C) (A) (B)
much of it in fact. / No Error could not have been saved / this patient, who
(D) (E) (C)
12. Being a rainy day / Vijay decided to stay / received / a bullet injury in the chest. / No Error
(A) (B) (D) (E)
at home and work / further on the problem. / No 21. Going towards them / with some cups of /
(C) (D) (A) (B)
Error tea in the tray, somebody knocked / at the door. /
(E) (C) (D)
13. School offers many opportunities of meeting No Error
(A) (E)
/ helpful people, reading useful books / and obtain 22. Shall you like / to accompany us / in the
(B) (A) (B)
information about / a variety of public careers. / No picnic which / we are going to arrange today. / No
(C) (D) (C) (D)
Error Error
(E) (E)
14. They did not came out victorious, / yet they 23. During the course of investigation / the
(A) (A)
were not disappointed / rather satisfied because / police learnt that not only / the house was looted
(B) (C) (B) (C)
they had played well. / No Error but / also the things taken away. / No Error
(D) (E) (D) (E)
15. He complained to the police / that his 24. I know I will be / compelled to leave this
(A) (A) (B)
briefcase had been stolen / and that he was lifted / house / this week, which will be / very
(C)
(B) (C)
disadvantageous for me. / No Error
without any money. / No Error
(D) (E)
(D) (E)
25. Once, we were dwelt / by the seaside / but
16. The P.M. said that his party would / not
(A) (B)
(A)
now we have / settled ourselves in Mumbai. / No
repeat the mistakes / done by the / previous (C) (D)
(B) (C) (D)
government. / No Error Error
(E) (E)
 26. I am really / very sorry to learn / that a 35. Owing to his / ill health, he will / not be
(A) (B) (A) (B)
reasonable man like you / has lain to me. / No able to give this examination, which means / he
(C) (D) (C)
Error will have to lose one year. / No Error
(E) (D) (E)
27. The boy was trembling / with anger when 36. Our leaders should / not let the criminal /
(A) (B) (A) (B)
she drawned / all his books / and articles. / No activities to grow / in our country. / No Error
(C) (D) (C) (D) (E)
Error 37. The eminent journalist / expressed his
(E) (A)
28. He does nothing / but to find / faults in helplessness in making / the seminar to be held / in
(A) (B) (C) (B) (C)
others and laugh / at them. / No Error the university premises. / No Error
(D) (E) (D) (E)
29. The radio broadcasted / last night that / the
38. Since they were not aware / of the
(A) (B)
(A)
temperature in Kashmir / would go down –10°C. /
consequences, they / might has asked you to /
(C) (D)
(B) (C)
No Error
transgress this social decorum. / No Error
(E)
30. The workers fell / no fewer than two hundred (D) (E)
(A) (B) 39. The audience still flock / to his-concerts to
trees / within six hours and thereby / showed their (A) (B)
(C) (D) hear him to sing / as they perceive a sense of purity
efficiency. / No Error (C)
(E) and piquancy in his music that he hard / to come
31. Most of the rivers / in Bihar have overflown (D)
(A) (B) by today. / No Error
/ their banks and plunged / a large number of (E)
(C) (D) 40. Having had reached / the station, you / may
villages. / No Error (A) (B)
(E) buy your ticket and wait / for the train for New
32. We advised him / to marry his daughter / (C) (D)
(A) (B) Delhi. / No Error
because she had / come to marriageable age . / No (E)
(C) (D) 41. She stole something / from my room and
Error (A) (B)
(E) hid it / in her recently got sari, so I can't tell you
33. The criminal / will certainly be hung / (C)
(A) (B) anything about / the stolen thing unless or until I
because the charges brought upon / him are very (D)
(C) (D) check the room. / No Error
serious. / No Error (E)
(E) 42. Walking in the field / late at night, a snake
34. He seated in this examination / thrice but (A) (B)
(A) bit me / and that was the reason / why I was in a
he always failed / because he never / took it (C) (D)
(B) (C) (D) hurry. / No Error
seriously. / No Error (E)
(E)
 43. It is better to stay at home / than to walk in 48. Judge everything in the light of what / the
(A) (B) (A)
the street / when there erupts / a communal riot in pleaders of both the parties had said, / the Judge
(C) (D) (B)
the town. / No Error came to the conclusion / that the case was false. /
(E) (C) (D)
44. He works hard / that he should please / his No Error
(A) (B) (E)
Manager to promote him / to the post of Sales 49. When she entered / the room, she found the
(C) (D) (A) (B)
Executive. / No Error / child sleeping peacefully and / the fan move
(E) (C) (D)
45. If you apologise for having / fail in keeping slowly. / No Error
(A) (B) (E)
your promises, / your friends will forgive / you, be 50. "Work hard, lest you / should fail", said the
(C) (D) (A) (B)
sure. / No Error father to his son / who was taking his / M.A.
(E) (C)
46. When he came out / of the cinema hall, / he examination that year. / No Error
(A) (C) (D) (E)
noticed somebody / had stolen his purse. / No Error 51. Not only will she go / to the pictures but
(C) (D) (E) (A) (B)
47. He will propose to his friends / that they she will / also meet some of her common / friends
(A) (C)
will join this company, / which may provide them in the evening. / No Error
(B) (C) (D) (E)
/ with promising careers. / No Error
(D) (E)

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b)
6. (a) 7. (e) 8. (c) 9. (e) 10. (e)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (c)
16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (a)
26. (d) 27. (e) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (c)
36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (a) 43. (b) 44. (b) 45. (b)
46. (c) 47. (b) 48. (a) 49. (d) 50. (e)
51. (e)
 ADVERB
Study the following sentences : The boys worked hard.
1. Meera is very happy today. I slept soundly last night.
2. He ran very fast to catch the train. Our soldiers fought bravely.
3. Our train arrived just at ten. Bold face (fast, hard, soundly)
4. A man is truly happy only when he is in manner simple
sound health. adverbs of manner
5. Surely, you will get a seat. 4. Degree, Quantity.
6. He is here. The crow is very clever bird.
7. The work is over now. He was almost disppointed.
Bold face (very, fast, just, It is a rather difficult question to answer.
truly etc.) nouns Pronouns I am so glad to see you.
parts of speech (adjective, verb, adverb, We were fully prepared to meet the
preposition, conjunction) clause challenge.
parts of speech You are quite right.
modify degree, manner, quantity,
Bold face (very, rather, quite
frequency (when,
etc.) how, much, in what degree to what
where, why etc.)
extent simple
adverbs of degree
Adverbs
5. Number, Frequency.
He often comes to see me.
Kinds
I never smoke.
Simple Adverbs
She always helps the weak.
1. Time : Sequence in time.
He has warned you twice.
Have you seen this film before ?
You haven't met him even once.
First I had my bath and then I has my lunch.
Once the king was in great danger.
You can leave right now.
Bold face (often, always,
I will soon be here.
twice etc.) verb action 'being'
Bold face (before, then, now number/frequency
etc.) time sequence in time simple adverbs of number
simple adverbs of time
6. Affirmation and Negation.
2. Place, direction
He does not know me.
You can sit here you like.
It is not my pen.
I shouldn't like to go there.
The boy can scarcely speak a sentence
Please come in. correctly.
The doctor is out. He certainly attended in meeting.
Bold face (here, there, in) Bold face (not, scarcely,
place direction certainy)
simple adverbs of place adverbs of affirmation
3. Manner. and negation
The dog ran fast after the cat.
7. Reason, Purpose and Consequence. Adverb :
You are below twenty, so you cannot apply He works hard.
for this post. Adjective :
I am ill. Hence I cannot attend the classes She is my near relation.
today. Adverb :
I ran very fast in order to catch the train. He came near and sat down.
The school was closed on account of a local Adjective :
fair. Alok is my only son.
Bold face Adverb :
reason, purpose consequence He met me only once this week.
simple adverbs 2. adverbs, adjective –ly
phrases of reason, purpose or consequence
Adjective :
Interrogative Adverbs : clever, eager, sure, short, second, third, last,
How did you reach there? near
How are you? Adverb :
When did you see him last? clearly, eagerly, surely, shortly, secondly,
Where does he live? thirdly, lastly, nearly.
Why has he gone to Madras? 3. adverbs forms
Bold face Adverbs Prepositions
manner, state, time, place, Prepositions :
reason 1. The books is on the table.
Interrorative adverbs Adverb :
Relative Adverbs : 1. He went on.
Interrogative adverbs (how, when, where, Prepositions :
why) clauses Relative 2. My pen is in my pocket.
adverbs Adverb :
This is the house where I was born. 2. Is the doctor in.
The day when Christ was born is celebrated Prepositions :
as Christmas. 3. The car went off the road.
I can't understand the reason why he Adverb :
disobeyed me. 3. Please switch the lights off.
Prepositions :
The Forms of Adverbs 4. You know nothing about matter.
1. adverbs form Adverb :
adjective 4. He looked about but he did not find
Adjective : anything.
There is not much water pleased with you. On, Up, Down, Off, Out, In, Away, About
Adverb :
The teacher was much in the jug. Preoposition adverbs
Adjective : Adverb Particle
It is a long story. Phrasal verbs
Adverb :
Will be stay here long? Degrees of Comparison of Adverbs
Adjective : Adjective Adverbs
Comparison degrees -
This work is hard.
 Positive, Comparative and Superlative. Your answer is quite wrong.
Adverbs of manner –er # Your answer is wrong quite. (wrong)
–est comparative 2. I quite understand your difficulty.
superlative degree forms –ly
*I understand your difficulty quite. (wrong)
adverb more
*I understand quite your difficulty. (wrong)
most comparative
superlative degree He has almost finished his work.
*He has finished almost his work (wrong)
Positive Comparative Superlative *he has finished his work almost. (wrong)
(i) fast faster fastest 3. They arrived just at ten.
hard harder hardest *They just arrived at ten. (wrong)
slow slower slowest
early earlier earliest They arrived at ten just. (wrong)
long longer longest (a) Adverbs of degree (almost, nearly, quite,
(ii) cleverly more cleverly most cleverly just, too etc.) adjective adverb
clearly more clearly most clearly modify adjective
loudly more loudly most loudly adverb
carefully less carefully least carefully
skillfully less skillfully least skilfully (b) Adverbs of degree (almost, nearly, quite,
(iii) ill, badly worse worst
hardly, scarcely, barely, just) verb
well better best modify full verb
much more most auxiliary verb auxiliary
little less least full verb
far farther farthest
late later last.
You hardly realize my difficulty.
Position of Adverbs He scarcely believes me.
Front Position (c) Adverbs of frequency (always, never,
interrogative adverbs (how, ever, often, usually, rarely, sometimes,
when, where, why) seldom) full verb be
adverbs (yes, full verbs
no, still) front position He is never late.
modify I never smoke.
Where do you live? She was usually busy during examinations.
When do you go to school? The sun always rises in the east.
How did you solve this question? End Position
Perhaps, you are right. Adverbs of manner (slow, fast, hard,
Certainly, he will lend you some money. foolish, quietly, gently etc.) Adverbs of
Yes, I agree with you. place and direction (here, there, somewhere,
anywhere, everywhere) direct
She has treated him badly, still she is his
object object
sister and he ought to help her.
verb adverbs End
position adverbs
Mid Position
He entered the room quietly.
adverbs adjective,
I scarched for him, but I could not find him
verb, adverb preposition
anywhere.
modify mid
I remember I have seen you somewhere.
position adverbs
Your books are not here.
1. He is very clever.
Please wait for me there.
*He is clever very. (wrong)
 Exercise 1 1. The ......... we leave this place, the better it
Make sentence to illustrate the use of the is (soon).
following words. (i) as adjectives (ii) as Adverbs: 2. He looks .............. today (well).
loud, fast, first, last, hard, early, only, 3. Light travels .............. than sound (fast).
enough, near, long, late, better. 4. I could not find any mistake in his exercise
because he had done it ............. (carefull).
Exercise 2 5. No .............. did we reach the station than
Fill in the gaps with the adverbs given the train arrived. (soon)
below. 6. Who came ............. Geeta, Sita and Mala?
hard, fairly, very, never, first, in then, just, (late)
yet, rather, hardly. 7. He was unable to stay .............. than he had
1. I liked the story ............. much. planned. (long)
2. He can .............. speak a sentence in English. 8. Of all the competitors, Alok was the one
3. He .............. tells lies. who .............. deserved to win. (much)
4. During examinations he works ........... .
5. The train has .............. arrived. Exercise 4
6. I have a ............... bad cold. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences
with the adverbs much or very.
7. Your son has done ........... well in English.
1. It is .............. hot in June in Uttar Pradesh.
8. She went ............ and returned with some
food for the beggar. 2. The patient is ................. better today.
9. Hasn't the teacher marked our papers ........? 3. We did not like his painting .................. .
10. ........... I brush my teeth and ............. I wash 4. He worked ................ slower than we had
my face. expected.
5. That bird is ............. pretty.
Exercise 3 6. He is ............. senior to me.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences 7. He is ............... senior officer in our
with the comparative or the superlative degree department.
of the adverbs given in brackets. 8. The girls worked ................ harder than the
boys.

ADVERB
1. (A) Firstly, you should think / (B) over the 6. (A) He is too coward / (B) to make it / (C)
meaning of the words / (C) and then use happen / (D) No error.
them / (D) No error. 7. (A) People invent new machines / (B) when
2. (A) The driver tried his best / (B) to avert they think / (C) different / (D) No error.
the accident by bringing the car / (C) to 8. (A) A man entered the tavern / (B) and
avert the accident by bringing the car / (D) asked for some bread and cheese / (C) with
No error. a decided foreign accent / (D) No error.
3. (A) The Sunshine hotel was fully equipped 9. (A) Watch how careful / (B) the sparrow
/ (B) to offer leisure stay / (C) to its clients knits the straws / (C) into one another to
/ (D) No error. form a nest / (D) No error.
4. (A) The technician reminded them / (B) to 10. (A) He is very / (B) blind to read / (C) the
have a thoroughly cleaning / (C) of the smallest of prints / (D) No error.
machine after each use / (D) No error.
11. (A) On hearing the news / (B) he went
5. (A) I am / (B) much glad / (C) that you directly / (C) to the Manager's room / (D)
have won the trophy / (D) No error. No error.
12. (A) They reached home / (B) safely / (C) 31. (A) My mother works / (B) very quicker
although they started late / (D) No error. than / (C) I at embroidery / (D) No error.
13. (A) It is the duty of every citizen / (B) to 32. (A) She is sure a great singer / (B) and no
do his utmost to defend / (C) the hardly other singer / (C) is a match for her. / (D)
won freedom of the country / (D) No error. No error.
14. (A) The principal was / (B) enough kind 33. (A) It is better to be frugal / (B) but don't
to / (C) grant me scholarship / (D) No error. be miser / (C) in giving alms / (D) No
15. (A) It is nothing else / (B) than foolishness error.
/ (C) that led to his downfall / (D) No error. 34. (A) I never remember / (B) to have met /
16. (A) I shall give you a reward / (B) if you (C) a more interesting girl in my life / (D)
do your work / (C) satisfactory / (D) No No error.
error. 35. (A) I refused to / (B) accompany him
17. (A) The tired travellers were bundled off / because / (C) I was so tried / (D) No error.
(B) to the nearby cop house till anyone / 36. (A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy tried to eradicate
(C) could come and vouch for their / (B) social evils with / (C) tooth and nail
credentials / (D) No error. / (D) No error.
18. (A) I advised by brother to engage two 37. (A) The student came to the classroom /
coolies instead of one / (B) because the (B) lately and was punished / (C) by the
luggage was too much heavy / (C) for a teacher / (D) No error.
single coolie to handle / (D) No error. 38. (A) He looks full of energy / (B) today
19. (A) There is no one else / (B) whom I because he / (C) soundly slept last night /
esteem highly / (C) than your father / (D) (D) No error.
No error. 39. (A) She had barely nothing / (B) to eat
20. (A) Although I was / (B) in Delhi last month when she came / (C) to me last month / (D)
/ (C) I never met him / (D) No error. No error.
21. (A) When I got / (B) home I was / (C) too 40. (A) It had been too cold / (B) the whole
exhausted / (D) No error. month and we preferred / (C) to stay in the
22. (A) I did not know hardly / (B) anyone in plains / (D) No error.
the city / (C) and so felt lonely / (D) No 41. (A) Never in the history of India / (B) there
error. has been as brave a lady / (C) as Rani Laxmi
23. (A) I rarely find something / (B) in the Bai / (D) No error.
movies / (C) that is worth remembering / 42. (A) She always boasts of / (B) her
(D) No error. melodious voice but she does not / (C)
24. (A) You have / (B) acted nobler / (C) than know to sing at all / (D) No error.
all of us / (D) No error. 43. (A) The teacher refused / (B) to consider
25. (A) Don't stop / (B) anywhere. Go home / him / (C) as an honest person / (D) No
(C) directly / (D) No error. error.
26. (A) He has no time / (B) to read magazines 44. (A) She is considered / (B) as the best
/ (C) and no desire neither / (D) No error. dancer / (C) in the town / (D) No error.
27. (A) He is not seldom / (B) visited his 45. (A) He felt alone / (B) in the town where
parents / (C) since he left this place / (D) / (C) no one knew him / (D) No error.
No error. 46. (A) The darkness closed in / (B) even as
28. (A) It was much hot / (B) yesterday & we she was / (C) returning home fastly / (D)
/ (C) didn't go out / (D) No error. No error.
29. (A) I meet him often / (B) near / (C) the 47. (A) She is too kind / (B) to help / (C)
Town Hall / (D) No error. everybody / (D) No error.
30. (A) I told her / (B) as blunt a I could / (C) 48. (A) The job was / (B) meticulously done /
but she was not convinced / (D) No error. (C) by him / (D) No error.
49. (A) One should / (B) face the misfortune / 50. (A) It is better / (B) to be frugal but don't
(C) of life mainly / (D) No error. be / (C) miser in giving alms / (D) No
error.

ANSWERS
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B
6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. A
11. B 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. B
16. C 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. B
21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. C
26. C 27. A 28. A 29. A 30. B
31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. C
36. B 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. A
41. B 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A
46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. C
 PREPOSITION
The Preposition 1. Mohan came at 3 o'clock.
Study the following sentences : 2. Sarla gets up at 6 o'clock in the morning.
1. My books are in my bag. 3. My father works in his office from 10 to 5.
2. Your books are on your desk. 4. He works in his office for seven hours daily.
3. Look at the black-board. 5. There are 365 days in a year.
4. The frogs jumped into the pond. 6. There are 31 days in July.
5. I bought this pen for him. 7. We celebrate Independence Day on 15th
August.
Bold face noun, pronouns
Relation 8. I will complete my work before Thursday.
(in, on, at etc.) Preposition 9. My father returns home by 6 o'clock in the
Prepositions relations evening every day.
10. You were absent from class for five days.
Relationship in space
Study the following sentences : Other Relations
1. I was in my room. Study the following sentences :
2. He stood before me. Agency, instrument
3. Stand by me. Some trains are run by electricity.
4. The child ran across the road. He cut his finger with a knife.
5. Please put it on my table. I sometimes go to school by car.
6. Anil is going to the post-office from his I learnt about it through my friend.
house. Manner
7. Sarla is coming home from the school. I solved that question without any difficulty.
8. A cat jumped onto the table. We will meet the challange with courage.
Learn this poem by heart.
9. The cat jumped off the table.
Cause, purpose
10. The boy dived into the water.
He died of a heart attack.
11. He came out of the water.
She is doing a lot for the welfare of the
12. The dog is sitting at the gate. weak.
13. Mary is going to Mumbai. She will be Measure, rate
away from town.
Cloth is sold by the metre.
14. The goal-keeper is in the circle.
Milk is sold by the litre.
15. The ball is out of the circle. Mangoes are selling at two rupees a kilo.
Preposition (from, to, into, off, out of, at, Source, origin, inference
away from, on, round, against, between, in, out
These lines are from Kalidas.
of) relationships in space
I got this present from my friend.
We get light from the sun.
Relationship in Time
From his looks I could see he was in
Study the following sentences. trouble.
Prepositions that follow certain Verbs at To
What are we aiming at ? Animals adapt themselves to their
The train has arrived at the station. surroundings.
I knocked at the door, but nobody answered. We agree to your proposal.
We should not laugh at others. Rakesh appealed to the Principal to excuse
him.
Look at the black-board.
Please attend to your own work.
In
This house belongs to my father.
I believe in your honesty.
I have complained to the Principal against
He will never fail in his duty.
your behaviour.
From
Students can contribute a great deal to the
He differs from his father in this nature. building of the nation.
The thief escaped from the police custody. My friend has invited me to dinner.
These chapters have been excluded from This will lead to several complications.
our course.
Please listen to me carefully.
She parted from her husband with a smile.
I object to your proposal.
For
It never occurred to me that June 30 was a
I shall call for you at six. bank holiday.
He does not care for criticism. He prefers coffee to tea.
I searched for his friend. I shall refer this matter to higher authorities.
We hope for better days to come. We submitted our exercise books to the
The farmers started for their fields early in teacher.
the morning.
Do you wish for a television set? Prepositions that follow certain Nouns :
Of For
You always boast of your wealth. A mother has great affection for her
He frequently complains of a sore throat. children.
This book consists of one hundred pages. He had no ambition for fame of fortune.
He was convicted of lying. I see your enxiety for getting a good job.
The patient died of cholera. My son has no aptitude for Science.
Can we dream of rights without duties ? Are you a candidate for the post of lecturer?
He informed me of my result. She has little capacity for hard work.
Need I remind you of your promise? We must find out a cure for the ills in our
She repented of what she had done. society.
It tastes of ginger. There is a great demand for technicians in
On our country.
I shall call on you this evening. I have no desire for anything.
My father congratulated me on my success You are making an excuse for coming late.
in the examination. My daughter has great foundness for toffees.
Can we depend on him? She expressed her gratitude for the help
He insisted on making a compromise. given to her.
Can I rely on what you say? I can't give you any guarantee for
employment.
 Kutti has great liking for sweets. He is in the habit of telling lies.
The Taj has no match for its beauty in India. We live in the hope of better days to come.
There was no necessity for a formal My uncle has a good knowledge of
meeting. palmistry.
His need for a house is most pressing. Wordsworth is well-known for his love of
He availed himself of the opportunity for Nature.
promotion. We like the method of teaching of our
When shall I get the payment for these Science teacher.
goods? Are you in need of money?
Have you no pity for poor, old man? Do you want to know the result of your
We made great preparations for the annual examination?
function. The taste of honey is sweet.
The boy got adequate punishment for his What is the use of going there?
misbehaviour. He had to discontinue his studies for want
He has a great regard for his teachers. of money.
Can you suggest a remedy for falling On
standards? There was a long discussion on the problem
Pt. Motilal had a great reputation for his of dowry.
knowledge of Law. Powerful speech has great influence on the
Did he consider your request for a transfer? minds of people.
You shall get a good reward for your What is your opinion on this issue?
service. The loin felt pity on the rat and set it free.
The Government refused to give a substitute To
for him.
Please pay attention to what I say.
The Bank will demand a surety for
It was a disgrace to Mr. Romulu to be asked
sanctioning a loan.
to vacate the seat.
He has no taste for art.
Hard work is the key to success.
My brother has a great thirst for knowledge.
We ought to limit our expenditure to our
Those books were of no use for him. means.
Of In obedience to his mother's desire.
What are the advantages of taking long Gandhiji refused to eat meat.
walks in the morning?
There was no objection to his proposal.
We shall discuss the causes of the downfall
His speech was in opposition to his own
of the Moghul Empire in India.
policy.
There is hardly any chance of your selection
I expressed my gratitude to the teacher for
to this post.
his favour.
He will take over the charge of his new
Hasn't he yet sent a reply to your letter?
post tomorrow.
Socrates was a stanger to the villagers when
The danger of an attack by a hostile country
he met them for the first time.
is not yet over.
Were you not a witness to the scene?
Mr. Bill has no experience of teaching.
In
The failure of the brakes of the car led to
the accident. He lacks confidence in doing things
independently.
Have you no fear of the law?
 I felt no difficulty in finding your house. Alok is envious of his sister's performance.
He has gained enough experience in this My brother is fond of mangoes.
trade. The path of progress is full of difficulties.
Mr. Brown is an expert in writing scripts I am glad of your success.
for the radio.
It is good of you to remember me.
Have you lost faith in him?
He is guilty of absenting himself from duty.
Florence showed no interest in the ordinary
I am hopeful of getting a good job.
things of life.
Many people are ignorant of the progress
Your progress in Mathematics is very slow.
made in the country after Independence.
Over
The visitor got impatient of waiting.
You have no control over your class.
He was innocent of the guilt.
Has he no influence over his subordinates?
We should not be jealous of man's luck.
About
She is proud of her beauty.
We haven't the least doubt about his
We are sure of his victory in the election.
competence.
Lal Bahadur Shastri was worthy of
The police failed to get any information
admiration.
about the lost child.
Are you sick of his company?
What is your opinion about my son?
In
He is experienced in teaching children.
Prepositions that follow Adjectives/Past
Participles : Are you busy in her domestic work.
About You are deficient in Mathematics.
They were anxious about the welfare of The clerk was found negligent in his duties.
their son. This businessman is honest in his dealings.
You should be careful about your health. At
When you are doubtful about a word, look The Principal was angry with the clerk at
it up in the dictionary. his negligence.
With My daughter is good at English.
Are you angry with me? You are slow at work.
He is awfully busy with his work these days. To
He is familier with the story of this case. He is not equal to the task.
Is he very intimate with you? Food is essential to life.
I was not popular with the boys at school. The dog is faithful to his master.
Of This story is familiar to me.
He was accused of committing a theft. Education is favourable to the growth of
The traveller was afraid of the wild animals. democracy.
When travelling, one must be careful of I am grateful to you for your help.
one's luggage. Some foreign countries are hostile to us.
He was certain of his success. Panna was loyal to Queen Karmavati.
The captain is fully conscious of his Water is necessary to life.
responsibilities. Good boys are obedient to their elders.
Mohan was convicted of lying. My house stands opposite to the post-office.
His speech was devoid of sence. Death is preferable to slavery.
 The Prime Minister is responsible to the EXERCISE 2
Parliament for his policies. Choose a suitable Preposition from those given
Your problems are similar to mine. in the brackets and fill the blanks in the sentences.
He is true to his word. 1. The thief jumped .................. the roof. (on,
For at, off)
She was eager for the result. 2. I bought this pen ................. five rupees.
(in, for, from)
You are not eligible for this post.
3. Please look .................. the blackboard. (at,
Rest is essential for a patient. on, in)
King Vikramaditya was famous for his 4. When we were tired, we rested ............. the
justice. shade of a tree. (under, in, below)
He was declared fit for the job of a miner. 5. Please write your roll number ................ ink.
I am grateful to you for your help. (with, in, by)
He is greedy for fame. 6. The building was destroyed ............. fire.
He was always ready for any risk. (with, by, in)
I am not responsible for this work. 7. What time is it ............... your watch? (in,
by, on)
He felt sorry for his mistake.
8. Water boils ............. 100° centigrade. (on,
This accommodation is sufficient for us. at, in)
This work will be suitable for you. 9. You should learn the multiplication table
Green vegetables are useful for health. .............. heart. (in, with, by)
10. This furniture is made .............. wood. (from,
EXERCISE 1 with, of)
Choose a suitable Preposition from those given
in the brackets and fill the blanks in the sentences. EXERCISE 3
1. We have our food and then go to school Fill in the gaps using suitable Prepositions.
............... 10 o'clock. (in, at, on) When I go ............. school. I pass ..............
2. He worked .................... his desk for over the bridge ............. the bridge ......... a short while
two hours. (on, at, by) and listen .......... the rippling ............... the water
flowing on the bridge. My school is quite far
3. I had to stop the car because a cow was
......... my house. So go .......... a bicycle or .............
standing ................ the way. (on, by, in)
as bus. I come back .......... school ................ 5
4. We put some money ................ the Central o'clock ............. the evening ........... my way back
Bank. (on, at, in) I don't stop anywhere. My parents anxiously wait
5. My friend lives ..................... Mussoorie. (at, .................. me my return home.
in, on)
6. The train arrived ................ the platform in EXERCISE 4
time. (on, at, in) Fill each blank in the sentences with a suitable
7. She can finish this work ............. half an Preposition.
hour. (by, in, about) 1. Sudha was married ........... my nephew.
8. The hunter was aiming ........... a wild boar. 2. This young man is true .......... his word.
(on, for, at) 3. Is there any exception .............. this rule ?
9. Our train didn't stop at some of the stations 4. Are you not ashamed ......... your conduct ?
................. in way. (on, at, in)
5. I am grateful to him .......... his help.
10. You must return these books latest ................
6. You are always complaining ............. your
Monday. (from, till, by)
colleagues.
7. She is not eligible ................. this post. 3. It has been raining heavily ............. morning.
8. I am not envious ..................... your progress. 4. My mother has been in bed .......... a week.
9. He has been debarred ............. sitting for the 5. They have been living in this town ................
examination for two years. 1970.
10. My house is adjacent ............. the post office. 6. It always gets warm here ................... the
afternoon.
EXERCISE 5 7. My friend came to see me .....................
Saturday morning.
Fill each blank in the sentences with a suitable
Preposition. 8. He put a ten rupee note ................. the pages
of book.
1. The teacher was angry .................. me
because he thought I was up to commit some
mischief. EXERCISE 7
2. The cow lives .............. grass and vegetation. Fill each blank in the sentences with a suitable
3. The manager dispensed ........... the services Preposition.
of the dishonest clerk. 1. I have invited my friend ................... dinner
4. Our success depends .............. the amout of tonight.
work we put in. 2. It is not safe to walk .............. the middle of
5. After a long discussion I prevailed ................ the road.
him to accept the proposal. 3. My friend was born ............... Agra.
6. Fish abound .............. the pond in my village. 4. Well-behaved boys don't laugh .................
7. My daughter has no liking .............. music. others.
8. Smoking is harmful ................. health. 5. I had to open the lock .............. the duplicate
key.
9. The ring is made ................ gold.
6. I want a pen to write .................. .
10. The chowkidar was found absent ..............
duty. 7. Why have you written this letter ..............
red ink ?
8. My sister left on Sunday and I haven't seen
EXERCISE 6
her ................ that day.
Fill each blank in the sentences with a suitable
9. We go to Mussoorie ............... the summer
Preposition.
vacation and stay there .............. about a
1. Can, I see you ............. six o'clock this month.
evening ?
10. I am tired ...................... waiting.
2. Our train is due to arrive ............ five minutes.

PREPOSITION
1. (A) The widely published manifesto / (B) 5. (A) It was apparent for everyone / (B)
of the new party is not / (C) much different present that if the patient did not receive /
than ours / (D) No error. (C) medical attention fast he would die /
(D) No error.
2. (A) I was taken with surprise / (B) when I
6. (A) He knows very well / (B) what is
saw / (C) the glamorous Appu Ghar / (D) expected from him / (C) but he is not able
No error. to fulfill all the expectations / (D) No error.
3. (A) Man needs security / (B) and leisure / 7. (A) My brother has / (B) ordered for / (C)
(C) of free thinking / (D) No error. a new book / (D) No error.
4. (A) This watch is / (B) superior and more 8. (A) That Brutus, who was his trusted friend
expensive / (C) than that / (D) No error. / (B) had attacked on him / (C) caused heart
break to Julius Caesar / (D) No error.
9. (A) Rana Pratap was / (B) blind with / (C) 26. (A) After opening the door we entered / (B)
one eye / (D) No error. into the room / (C) next to the kitchen/ (D)
10. (A) The doctor attended / (B) to / (C) the No error.
patient very quietly / (D) No error. 27. (A) As the meeting was / (B) about to end/
11. (A) I was shocked to hear / (B) that his (C) he insisted to ask several questions /
father / (C) died of an accident / (D) No (D) No error.
error. 28. (A) The watchman was kind enough / (B)
12. (A) I must start at dawn / (B) to reach the to inform us about the conspiracy / (C) but
station / (C) in time / (D) No error. declined to name the person behind it / (D)
No error.
13. (A) I shall put on / (B) a note in this regard/
(C) for your consideration and necessary 29. (A) The captain and his wife / (B) were
decision / (D) No error. invited for the cultural function / (C) at my
home / (D) No error.
14. (A) None could dare / (B) to encroach / (C)
on his rights / (D) No error. 30. (A) The engineer came out to a novel
solution / (B) which may even reduce / (C)
15. (A) The father brought the sweets / (B) and
daily energy consumption / (D) No error.
distributed them / (C) between his five
children / (D) No error. 31. (A) On a holiday Madhu prefers / (B)
reading than going / (C) out visiting friends/
16. (A) Raman developed the habit / (B) for
(D) No error.
sleeping late / (C) when he was staying in
the hostel / (D) No error. 32. (A) People who are / (B) averse with / (C)
hard work generally do not succeed in life/
17. (A) It is the duty of every right thinking
(D) No error.
citizen / (B) to try to make / (C) the whole
world a happier place to live / (D) No error. 33. (A) Vishal is one year junior / (B) than /
(C) Madan in our office / (D) No error.
18. (A) The top-tanking candidates / (B) will
be appointed in senior jobs / (C) in good 34. (A) They walked / (B) besides / (C) each
companies / (D) No error. other in silence / (D) No error.
19. (A) My niece has been married / (B) with/ 35. (A) Our Mathematics teacher often
(C) the richest man of the town / (D) No emphasises / (B) on the need / (C) for a lot
error. of practice / (D) No error.
20. (A) The venue of examination / (B) is one 36. (A) Please put away / (B) the candle before/
mile / (C) further up the hill / (D) No error. (C) you leave / (D) No error.
21. (A) The doctor referred the patient / (B) for 37. (A) All the doctors were puzzled / (B) on
the O.P.D. / (C) without examining him / the strange symptoms / (C) reported by the
(D) No error. patient / (D) No error.
22. (A) A man who always connives / (B) on 38. (A) Most of the Uttar Pradesh is / (B) an
the faults of his children / (C) is their worst extremely fertile plain between / (C) which
enemy / (D) No error. the river Ganga flows / (D) No error.
23. (A) I do not understand / (B) why / (C) he 39. (A) The detective says that / (B) there is no
is so angry at me / (D) No error. chance for finding / (C) the person who
wrote these letters / (D) No error.
24. (A) I am hearing a lot / (B) about the
problem / (C) of AIDS these days / (D) No 40. (A) In urban society the social circle is
error. limited / (B) with the family but in the
village / (C) it encompasses the entire
25. (A) Because of his innocence / (B) he can
village / (D) No error.
not distinguish / (C) a cheat for an honest
person / (D) No error.
41. (A) Being most loquacious among her brothers and a notice to this effect is pasted on the
and sisters / (B) she related a good many tale college gate / (C) there is no sense to go
/ (C) in each breath / (D) No error. there / (D) No error.
42. (A) No effort has been made at all / (B) to 56. (A) Our Mathematics teacher often
cash on the / (C) refurbished image of emphasis / (B) on the need / (C) for a lot
Indian tennis / (D) No error. of practice / (D) No error.
43. (A) The blind old man was / (B) knocked 57. (A) Many a time the minister / (B) had
down by a car / (C) upon crossing the road/ hinted on the destruction / (C) caused by
(D) No error. floods / (D) No error.
44. (A) In a report issued by Indian Statistical 58. (A) Our laxity in duty / (B) increases with/
Institute / (B) the iron and steel Industry is (C) our aversion for work / (D) No error.
investing more than / (C) any other Indian 59. (A) None saw him worthy / (B) for the
industry in fighting pollution / (D) No error. reward / (C) he received / (D) No error.
45. (A) I found it difficult / (B) to remove the 60. (A) Yesterday, Sohan came across / (B)
chewing gum / (C) that stuck with my cap/ with/ (C) one of his old friends / (D) No
(D) No error. error.
46. (A) Some animals are much more capable/ 61. (A) The Minister and some of the
(B) than humans for perceiving / (C) certain colleagues / (B) were invited for the charity
kinds of stimuli which may precede earth show / (C) staged by the Dhawan college /
quakes / (D) No error. (D) No error.
47. (A) As the party was going we noticed / 62. (A) For nearly half a century he lived in
(B) Mr. Roy fall back in his chair / (C) that village / (B) sharing the joys and
gasping for breath / (D) No error. sorrows of the people there / (C) but later
48. (A) In this age of despair and despondency/ he left the village and has not been heard
(B) only our rich cultural heritage / (C) can of since / (D) No error.
help us escape to the menacing doom / (D) 63. (A) A large scale exchange of nuclear
No error. weapons / (B) will produce unprecedented
49. (A) Rekha was trying for admission in the amounts of radiation / (C) that can penetrate
Engineering college / (B) even though her into the biological tissue / (D) No error.
parents / (C) wanted her to take up 64. (A) The boy stood / (B) by me / (C) painting
medicine/ (D) No error. for breath / (D) No error.
50. (A) It proves year after year / (B) that when 65. (A) The teacher taught / (B) to the students/
it comes into judging new writing / (C) we (C) like his own children / (D) No error.
are on slippery ground / (D) No error.
66. (A) Mr. Smith was accused form murder /
51. (A) He is in the habit of going out / (B) on (B) but the court found him / (C) not guilty
a morning / (C) walk regularly / (D) No and acquitted him / (D) No error.
error.
67. (A) In my opinion this boy / (B) is very
52. (A) The management did not select him / honest / (C) and can be depended / (D) No
(B) as he was / (C) not eligible to the post/ error.
(D) No error.
68. (A) Several prominent figures involved in
53. (A) Both the form and substance of what the scandal / (B) are required to appear /
he says / (B) about his life and work / (C) (C) to the investigation committee / (D)
testify for a great reserve of inner energy / No error.
(D) No error.
69. (A) She had shifted her residence / (B) to
54. (A) Young children should not sit / (B) close this city to be close with the child / (C) she
to the T.V. set / (C) as it affects on their had wanted to adopt / (D) No error.
eyes / (D) No error.
70. (A) He was honourably / (B) acquitted from
55. (A) When the teachers are on strike / (B)
 / (C) the charge / (D) No error. passengers / (C) boarded it / (D) No error.
71. (A) Ajay was suffering from cholera / (B) and 86. (A) The boy attempted the questions / (B) so
ultimately he died / (C) by it / (D) No error. well that his teacher / (C) was exceedingly
72. (A) We returned to the guest house / (B) pleased at him / (D) No error.
impressed by / (C) what we had seen / (D) 87. (A) Amar's habit of delaying his work / (B)
No error. put his colleagues / (C) to lot of trouble /
73. (A) I am pleased to sanction / (B) one (D) No error.
special increment to / (C) all the employees 88. (A) Shiver ran to Sachin's spine / (B) when
with this month / (D) No error. he recalled the accident / (C) in which he
74. (A) It must be said to his credit / (B) that was luckily saved / (D) No error.
he stood towards / (C) his friend through 89. (A) I offered him part-time work / (B) but
thick and thin / (D) No error. he turned it over saying / (C) that he would
75. (A) To transport goods / (B) by sea is rather wait for a full-time / (D) No error.
cheaper / (C) than land / (D) No error. 90. (A) These days very few people / (B) bother
76. (A) Ritu was conscious / (B) to all that was to do the work / (C) entrusted upon them /
going / (C) on around her place / (D) No (D) No error.
error. 91. (A) You will be tired of writing / (B) at the
77. (A) I want this document / (B) to be time you / (C) finish your research / (D)
detached off the main file / (C) and sent to No error.
me / (D) No error. 92. (A) He came / (B) across / (C) with a beggar
78. (A) Of what I know / (B) of him I hesitate / (D) No error.
/ (C) to trust him / (D) No error. 93. (A) The visitors complained / (B) at the
79. (A) The prime came on / (B) the throne at poor accomodation / (C) they were given /
a very / (C) early age / (D) No error. (D) No error.

80. (A) Considering about these facts / (B) the 94. (A) In the meeting Mr. Mehta's suggestion
principal has / (C) offered him a seat / (D) / (B) with regard for certain administrative
No error. reforms / (C) were hailed by all the
members / (D) No error.
81. (A) Two women were between / (B) those
killed in the fire / (C) that broke out at the 95. (A) Please do not forget to send me / (B)
hotel / (D) No error. an express telegram on my address / (C)
when you reach Canada airport / (D) No
82. (A) The angry boatman threw / (B) the error.
cracked bar in the river / (C) and returned
home / (D) No error. 96. (A) Such natural imagery suggests that the
killings were akin / (B) with a natural
83. (A) You should not discuss / (B) about a disaster and not / (C) a matter of individual
matter with friends / (C) who are likely to responsibility / (D) No error.
find it offensive / (D) No error.
97. (A) Emphasis on quality of life / (B) ensures
84. (A) Having to stay in the jungle / (B) that for the health / (C) and happiness of every
night they had nothing / (C) to feed it / (D) individual / (D) No error.
No error.
85. (A) The plane took on / (B) as soon as the
 ANSWERS
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. A
11. C 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. C
16. B 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. A
21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. C
26. D 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. A
31. B 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. B
36. A 37. B 38. B 39. B 40. B
41. A 42. B 43. C 44. C 45. C
46. B 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. B
51. B 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. C
56. B 57. B 58. C 59. B 60. B
61. B 62. C 63. C 64. B 65. B
66. A 67. A 68. C 69. B 70. B
71. C 72. B 73. C 74. C 75. B
76. B 77. B 78. A 79. A 80. A
81. A 82. B 83. B 84. C 85. A
86. C 87. C 88. C 89. B 90. C
91. B 92. C 93. B 94. B 95. B
96. B 97. B
 TENSES : FORM AND USE
(action) (event) (iv) The Present Participle form :
(time) English Verbs Present or Past Perfect Tense
forms (form) Auxiliary
tense changes Verb have (has, have, had)
Tense English
Verbs (principal forms) Examples :
(i) The base of dictionary form : I have bought a new bicycle.
Present Simple tense Sheela has joined a medical college.
The show had begun five minutes before
Examples : we reached the theatre.
I hear a noise in the next room.
Do you see the picture on the wall ? Formation of the Past and Past Participle
He feels uncomfortable in this room ? forms :
Past Participle
subject forms base form (d) (ed)
third person singular Regular Verbs
–s–
(ii) The simple past form : Example :
(actions) Base form Past Past Participle
(actions)
live lived lived
walk walked walked
Examples : act acted acted
The boys felt tired after the walk. turn turned turned
I saw an aeroplane flying over the hill. hope hoped hoped
He walked three miles to school every day. Past Past
Participle forms
(iii) The Present Participle or 'ing' form :
Verbs Irregular Verbs
(Present)
Irregular Verbs Past Past Participle forms
(Past)
(–ing Verb)
be (is, am, are, was, were)
tense verbs
Present or Past Continuous Tense Present, Past Past Participle forms
Examples :
Present Past Past Participle
The Children are playing in the garden.
Mohan is doing his homework. arise arose arisen
I am looking into the accounts. awake awoke awoken
What were you doing at five o'clock awaked awaked
yesterday evening? bear bore born, borne
I was sitting in the park.
beat beat beaten hold held held
become became become hurt hurt hurt
begin began begun be is was
bend bent bent am
are were been
bind bound bound
keep kept kept
bite bit bitten
kneel knelt knelt
blow blew blown
know knew known
break broke broken
lay laid laid
bring brought brought
build built built lead led led
burn burned burned leap leapt leapt
burnt burnt leave left left
burst burst burst lend lent lent
buy bought bought let let let
catch caught caught lie lay lain
choose chose chosen light lighted lighted
come came come lit lit
cost cost cost lost lost lost
cut cut cut make made made
dig dug dug meet met met
do did done pay paid paid
draw drew drawn put put put
dream dreamed dreamed read read read
dreamt dreamt
ride rode ridden
drink drank drunk
ring rang rung
drive drove driven
rise rose risen
eat ate eaten
run ran run
fall fell fallen
say said said
feed fed fed
feel felt felt see saw seen
fight fought fought sell sold sold
find found found send sent sent
fly flew flown set set set
forget forgot forgotten shake shook shaken
freeze froze frozen shine shone shone
get got got shoot shot shot
give gave given sing sang sung
go went gone sink sank sunk
grow grew grown sit sat sat
hang hanged hanged sleep slept slept
hung hung smell smelt smelt
hide hid hidden sow sowed sown
hit hit hit
speak spoke spoken He always takes his coffee without sugar.
spell spelt spelt Classes begin at 10 o'clock.
spend spent spent I go to a movie once a month.
spin span spun Present Simple Tense
spun
spread spread spread
(habit) tense
spring sprang sprung
stand stood stood ii. Study the following sentences.
steal stole stolen The sun rises in the east.
stick stuck stuck The Ganga joins the Yamuna at Allahabad.
sting stung stung A thermometer measures temperature.
strike struck struck Water boils at 100° C.
stricken The days are shorter in winter and longer in
swear swore sworn summer.
sweep swept swept Present Simple
swing swarm swum –
take took taken
teach taught taught iii. Study the following sentences.
tear tore torn Wheat costs two rupees a kilo in my town.
tell told told All trains stop at this station.
think thought thought Mrs. Pant teaches in a women's college.
throw threw thrown Present Simple
thrust thrust thrust
(permanent)
understand understood understood
iv. Present Simple
wake woke woke historic present Past events
waked waked
woken
wear wore worn I went to the station to see a friend off.
weave wove woven Who do I see there?
weep wept wept My long-lost younger brother!
win won won v. Study the following sentences.
wind wound wound Mohan always comes to school punctually.
write wrote written We often meet each other on our way to
office.
They usually go to a movie on Sundays.
The use of Tenses
We usually buy our milk at the milk depot,
tenses
but occasionally we buy it from a milkman.
(uses)
I rarely sleep in the afternoon.
My father seldom goes to a movie.
The Present Simple
He sometimes goes to see a play.
i. Study the following sentences.
He never goes to office late.
Mohan gets up at five o'clock every day.
 Bold face Adverbs Present The Present Continuous
Simple Present Simple 1. Study the following sentences.
Adverbs (habit)
The children are watching the T.V.
I am working at a problem in physics.
EXERCISE 1 A meeting is going on in the Town Hall.
Answer these questions in full sentences. The Present Continuous
answer to the first item as given as an example. Tense Present Continuous Tense
1. When do you usually go to bed ? (am/is/are + V –ing)
Answer : I usually go to bed at 10 o'clock. tense
2. When do you leave for school every
morning ?
Note :
3. When do classes begin ?
continuous tense
4. What languages do you study ?
(a)
5. Who teaches you English ? (feelings) (emotions)
6. What books do you like to read ? Examples : believe, care, like, feel, expect,
7. What games do you play every day ? hear, see, know, love, remember, taste, want.
8. How often do you go to the movies ? "I knowing
9. How much does a kilo of wheat cost ? him." "I know him".
10. At what temperature does water turn into "I am remembering his
ice? name" "I remember his
name".
EXERCISE 2 (b) state
Fill in the blanks with the right tense forms of condition
the verbs given in brackets. Permanent
1. Ravi usually ............... up at 5 o'clock in Examples : appear, belong, cost, contain,
the morning. (get) have (possess), remain, resemble, own.
"I am
2. Does your father .................... before
owing a car." "I owe a car".
breakfast ? (shave)
"This box is containing my
3. They don't ................. cricket in summer. clothes", "This box
(play) contains my clothes".
4. Prashant always .............. the newspaper in
the morning. (read) EXERCISE 3
5. Don't they often .............. to the pictures on Fill in the blanks with the right tense forms of
Sundays ? (go) the verbs given in brackets. (Use either the
Present Simple or the Present Continuous form
6. The sun ............... in the east. (rise)
whichever is suitable.)
7. Doesn't he usually ............... to his village 1. My father .............. (write) a book, he
on foot ? (go) ............. (expect) to complete it in a month.
8. Sarla ........... most of her evenings in reading 2. My father seldom .......... (wear) a coat. But
novels. (spend) today he ................. (wear) one.
9. I never .................. lies. (tell) 3. The chairman ............. (speak) still. He
usually ............. (make) short speeches, but
10. The milkman .................... milk in the
today he .................... (speak) at some length.
evening daily. (bring)
4. "Anil .................. (read) for a test. Don't Simple Past
disturb him."
5. Mohan ............. (play) table-tennis with (regular action) (happening)
some friends of his. He ................ (play)
the game very well.
EXERCISE 4
6. My sister .................... (learn) to play the
sitar. Answer the questions :–
1. When did you join this school?
7. Our country ................. (make) steady 2. Did you study in any other school earlier?
progress in science and technology. 3. Who taught you English last year?
8. What ................. (happen) in the school 4. When did you see a film last?
today ? 5. What did you have for breakfast today?
6. What books did you read in the summer
9. Our car .................. (give) a lot of trouble
vacation?
these days.
7. How did you spend your evening during
10. Mother ............... (cook) the dinner. It will the holidays?
be ready in half an hour. 8. Who wrote the Ramayana?
9. What class did Gandhiji travel whenever he
went by train?
The Simple Past
10. When did India become a Republic?
Study the tense of the verb in each of the
following sentences.
EXERCISE 5
There was a football match in the school
Fill in the blanks with the right tense forms of
yesterday. the verbs given in brackets
Our boys played very well and defeated 1. Mr. Gupta ................ to Tokyo in 1970. (go)
the Town High School. 2. He ............ back to India in 1973. (come)
They won the Inter-Schools Football Cup. 3. My sons didn't .......... to school yesterday.
Bold face Verbs (go)
4. Did no one ............. him. (help)
Simple Past 5. She ................. me a good present on my
(actions) (events) birthday. (give)
Past Tense 6. Did you ................. this scooter last year?
word phrase (buy)
7. My friend .................. these stories long ago.
(write)
Yesterday, at the age of 10, on the 15th 8. Did he ...................... his purse in the
August, etc. market ? (lose)
9. My grandmother didn't ............... me any
Study the use of the simple past in the stories last night. (tell)
following sentences.
10. Where did you .............. this book? (find)
When I was in Allahabad, I went for a dip
in the Sangam every Sunday. The Past Continuous
He played games regularly during his (i) Study the following sentences.
college days.
At seven o'clock this morning I was taking
He never drank or smoked. my bath.
Every day the old man read a few chapter When the bell rang, the boys were still
of the Gita. writing.
 It was raining at 10 o'clock this morning. The Present Perfect
Verbs past (i) Study the following sentences.
continuous tense tense The Williams have built a new house. They
was/were+V–ing (was teaching, were writing, are moving in tomorrow.
was raining)
Mr. Das has won the election. He is now
past continuous tense an M.L.A.
Two prisoners have escaped from the jail.
The police are now looking for them.
(ii) Study the following sentences.
Verbs Present Perfect Tense
While Anil was doing his homework, Sita tense has/have+verb
was practising on the Veena. past participle tense
While Mother was cooking, Leela was
washing the plates.
While Rome was burning, Nero was
finding.
past continuous tense simple past tense Present
Perfect Tense
"Two prisoners escaped from the
EXERCISE 6 jail yesterday" "Two
Fill in the blanks with the right tense form of the prisoners have escaped"
verbs given in brackets. Use the Past Simple or past action
Past Continuous Tense, whichever is suitable. (event)
1. When I .............. (enter) the room, my father
prisoners'
................. (type) some letters. escape
2. I ....................... (do) my homework at seven
o'clock this morning. Present Perfect Tense
3. The people in the house .............. (sleep)
soundly, when the thief ............... (break)
into the house. Present
4. The show ...................... (go on) when I Perfect Tense past time
............... (enter) the theatre. adverbials yesterday, at five o'clock, on the
fifth of last month etc.
5. When we ................ (play) the match, it
"Two prisoners have escaped from
suddenly ............... (start) raining.
the jail last night", or "Mohan has passed the
6. The boys .................. (listen) to the cricket High School examination last year"
commentary the whole morning yesterday.
7. While the Assembly ................. (discuss) the
bill, a crowd ................. (demonstrate)
ouside. (ii) Study the following sentences.
8. She ..................... (sweep) the floor when Mr. Saxena has lived in Allahabad for
the suddenly .............. (notice) a scorpion. twenty years.
9. Who ................ (speak) to you when I Mr Gupta has taught in this school for ten
.............. (come) to your house this morning? years.
10. The bus ........... (go) up the hill, when the This film has run for thirty weeks.
brakes ............... (fail).
 Present Perfect Tense Simple Past
actions

"For twenty years", "for ten

years' and "for thirty weeks", phrases Adverbials

(period of time) point

of time have

Examples : Present Perfect

Mr. Saksena has lived in Allahabad since action
1956.
Mr. Das has taught in this school since
1961.
Your friend has called here three times since
this morning. I have had my
You have grown grey since I saw you last. breakfast

(iii) Present Perfect Tense

Adverbs Adverbial phrases. breakfast
Study the adverbs and adverbials used with Tense time
the Present Perfect Tense.
The train has just arrived at the platform. Time
He has already had his breakfast.
My brother has not got up yet.
The milkman has not come so far. He has Past Future
taken to drinking lately.  
Point in Period in Present
Have you ever seen a white elephant ?
the past the past : Tense
No I have never seen one.
for two years
yesterday
last Monday
The Present Perfect and the Simple Past Adverbials the other day so far
Present up to now
Study the sentences given below. on Tuesday
Perfect since Monday
Period stretching adverbials since last week
Simple Past Present Perfect upto the present lately
I met my friend I haven't seen my friend Present Perfect Tense just,
yesterday morning. since yesterday morning. already, yet, so, far, lately, ever, never etc.
My father saw the Taj My father has seen the Taj. Adverbials
in 1970. My mother hasn't seen Exercise 7
the Taj yet.
Answer these questions in full sentences.
He lived in Delhi for He has lived in Delhi for 1. How often have you been to the movies
three years. (He does three years. (He still lives
not live in Delhi now) in Delhi.) this month ?
2. How many lessons have you read so far in
I had my breakfast at I have had my breakfast. your English Reader ?
eight in the morning. (Statement made just
(Statement made in after or in the morning. 3. How long have you lived in this town ?
the afternoon) 4. How long has India been a Republic ?
5. Since when have you been in this school ? 3. The workers have been on hunger strike
6. How many cups of tea have you drunk since .............. a week now.
morning ? 4. He has sung .................... two hours now.
7. Have you ever travelled by air ? 5. The patient hasn't slept .............. two days.
8. Since when has your family lived in this 6. Mr. Mahender has acted in films .................
town ? his boyhood.
9. How long have you been in India ? 7. We have not had a holiday ............... years.
10. How many questions have you done so far ? 8. It hasn't rained ................ the 5th of July.

Exercise 8 The Present Pefect Continuous :

Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the Study the following sentences :
verbs given in brackets. Use the Simple past or
He has been waiting for you since for
Present Perfect, whichever is suitable.
6 o'clock.
1. My father ............. (buy) a car. He ................
(buy) it last month. You have been wasting your time all along.
2. I ................. (see) this film already. I do not They have been learning English for six
want to see it again. years.
3. Since India .............. (become) independence The lecturer has been speaking for an hour
many other countries ............. (also become) now.
free. (verbs) Present Perfect
4. Two prisoners .............. (escape) from the Continuous tense
jail last week. The police ................. (not has been/have been + Present Participle
catch) them yet. of the verb tense
5. Mr. Das ........... (join) the staff of this school
in 1956. He ...................... (teach) here for tense
twenty years.
6. I ................. (see) the Taj for the first time
when I went to Agra last week.
Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous
7. He ............... (sell) of his old house last
month and .................... (build) a new one.
He has lived in Allahabad for five years +
8. Savita ................. (come) here on Saturday.
he has been living in Allahabad for five years.
But she .................. (leave) for Lucknow the
next morning. I have waited for an hour + I have been
9. You .................. (complete) your work. You waiting for an hour.
can go home now.
10. The train .................. (not arrive) yet. It is Exercise 10
late today.
Fill in the blanks with the correct tense forms of
the verbs given in brackets. Use the Present
Exercise 9 Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous,
Fill in the blanks with for or since. whichever is suitable.
1. I have not seen to a movie .................... 1. I .................. (work) on this problem since
September last. morning. I ................. (solve it yet).
2. The M.L.A. has not visited our village 2. He ............... (take) treatment in a hospital.
............... the last election. There is now some improvement in his
condition.
3. My father .............. (live) in a village all his EXERCISE 11
life. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms
4. The water ................ (boil) for five minutes (Simple Past of Past Perfect) of the verbs given
now. in brackets.
5. Mr. Chatterjee ................. (write) a novel. 1. Suresh ..................... (want) to join an
He hopes to finish it in a month. engineering college, but he .............. (fail)
6. He ................ (drink) a lot, No one .............. to secure admission.
(try) to check. 2. By tea time the team .............. (score) zero
7. The candidates .................. (wait) to be runs.
called in since ten o'clock.
3. Mother ................. (have) to cook yesterday.
The committee ................. (not call) any of The cook ............... (not turn up).
them in yet.
4. When I ................ (reach) the station, the
8. The children .................. (have) dinner yet. train ............. (leave) already.
They .................. (watch) the TV since the
afternoon. 5. I ..................... (not see) the man for many
years. So I ...................... (not recognise) him
at once when I ................ (meet) him.
The Past Pefect :
6. The headmaster ..................... (be) very
i. Study the following sentences : disappointed. Twenty boys .......... (fail) in
1. When we go to the theatre the play had the examination.
begun already. 7. By the end of last year 2000 villages
2. When we left the house, we had locked all ................. (get) electricity.
the rooms. 8. My father ............... (buy) a car last year.
3. By seven o'clock all the shops had closed. He .............. (save) enough money for it.
4. At fifteen years of age, she had become a
graduate. The Past Pefect Continuous :
Verbs Past Perfect Tense Study the following sentences :
had the Past 1. The child had been crying for ten minutes.
Participle of the Verb But no one attended to it.
tense
2. Until he got to class VIII. Mohan had been
studying in a village school.
3. Mr Naresh had been acting in films for ten
years when he decided to give up acting.
Past Perfect
(point of time in the past) Continuous Tense
(form) had been + Present Participle of the
Verb tense
ii. Study the following sentences :
1. I wish he had seen me earlier.
2. I wish I had listened to my parent's advice. Tense
3. I wish I had not wasted my time.
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Tense
Tense
The Future : Mr Gupta will be eating in a restaurant
future time when his wife is away.
(form) Future time We shall be waiting at the bus stop for
you.
i. Will or shall Future Continuous
I shall leave for Mumbai tomorrow. Tense will/
shall+be+V-ing tense
We shall play the match on Sunday.
You will pass the examination without any
difficulty.
Man will land on Mars some day.
The Future Perfect :
ii. Present Simple form
Study the following sentences :
The test match begins the day after
By the end of the year, we shall have
tomorrow.
completed all the lessons in this book.
The Prime Minister arrives in the morning
By the end of the next year, Mr. Das will
tomorrow, and leaves in the afternoon.
have put in twenty years of service in this school.
The meeting starts at five o'clock.
When you reach the station, the train will
iii. Present Continuous form have left.
Tomorrow we are going for a picnic. Future Perfect Tense
The Prime Minister is addressing is a will/
meeting tomorrow evening. shall+have+past participle of the verb tense
We are playing in finals on Wednesday.
iv. A form of be + going to + base form of
the verb
We are going to move into a new house
next month. Study the following sentences :
Who are you going to vote for? By August 1977. We shall have been
independent for thirty years.
It is going to rain.
By the end of next week, this film will have
run for one hundred days.
The Future Continuous : Future Perfect Tense
Study the following sentences : time phrases e.g. for thirty years, for a
This time tomorrow, you will be appearing hunded days
in the examination.
When you reach Mussoorie, it will be
snowing there.

TENSES : FORM AND USE

1. (A) His benevolence and kindness/ (B) are/ 4. (A) Twenty officers have been (B)
(C) admired by his friends/ (D) No error. dismissed and thirty left/ (C) on their own/
2. (A) She never has and never will/ (B) allow (D) No error.
her only son/ (C) to join politics/ (D) No 5. (A) Every word and every line/ (B) in the
error. poems of Wordsworth/ (C) sings the
3. (A) Intelligence, as well as knowledge of blessings of nature/ (D) No error.
the subject/ (B) are required to grasp/ (C)
the meaning of the book/ (D) No error.
 6. (A) So honestly he worked/ (B) that he 22. (A) The period of twenty-five years/(B)
was rewarded/ (C) by the chairman of the have passed/ (C) and still he is without a
company/ (D) No error. job/ (D) No error.
7. (A) Four miles / (B) are not a long distance/ 23. (A) People have a right to criticise/ (B)
(C) for a young person like you/ (D) No but at the same time each of them/ (C)
error. have to remember his duty also/ (D) No
8. (A) No sooner he was brought/ (B) here error.
than he began/ (C) to feel uneasy/ (D) No 24. (A) The teacher was angry/ (B) when he
error. found that/ (C) you are not there/ (D) No
9. (A) He, like the other members/ (B) of his error.
family were left shelterless/ (C) as a result 25. (A) I would like you/ (B) to complete this
of flood in the town/ (D) No error. assignment/ (C) before you will leave for
10. (A) In old age none of the relatives/ (B) Mumbai/ (D) No error.
are prepared to come/ (C) to the help of 26. (A) The chief idea of very common type
the old and the sick/ (D) No error. of travelling/ (B) is to see as many objects
11. (A) So fast did he drive motor car/ (B) of interest/ (C) as he possibly could/ (D)
that even the best driver/ (C) could not No error.
overtake him. / (D) No error. 27. (A) He won't return the money/ (B) that he
12. (A) Never I have come across/ (B) a man/ borrowed/ (C) will he? / (D) No error.
(C) who is foolish to such an extent/ (D) 28. (A) The committee chief warned the party
No error. members/ (B) that if they persist in their
13. (A) He will be likely/ (B) to take part in obstructionist attitude/ (C) they would be
suspended/ (D) No error.
the ceremony/ (C) Provided he is granted
29. (A) On hearing the new over the radio that/
leave/ (D) No error.
(B) India has won the hockey match/ (C)
14. (A) There are a dozen/ (B) of Geography
I jumped with joy/ (D) No error
books lying in the shelf of my personal
30. (A) The United States of America have /
library / (C) and you can use them
(B) a huge budget deficit/ (C) despite the
whenever you like/ (D) No error.
people's fabulous prosperity/ (D) No error.
15. (A) The number of amendments to our
31. (A) The Hindi and the Marathi/ (B) are
constitution/ (B) have been very large/ (C)
different forms of the Sanskrit language/
during the last fifty years of independence/ (C) which were once spoken in almost
(D) No error. every part of India/ (D) No error.
16. (A) She disappeared/ (B) and found dead/ 32. (A) Development activities of the
(C) near a well outside the village/ (D) No government/ (B) come to a standstill/ (C)
error. because of paucity of funds/ (D) No error.
17. (A) I had been/ (B) to Delhi last week/ (C) 33. (A) The man told to her/ (B) that he had
to visit my friend/ (D) No error. not brought his dog/ (C) out for a walk as
18. (A) Either she or you/ (B) is to blame/ (C) he was afraid that it would rain/ (D) No
for the mismanagement of the domestic error.
affairs/ (D) No error. 34. (A) The news of his marriage to another
19. (A) It were the children/ (B) that caused a girl/ (B) was a shock to her but she bore
lot of problem to their parents/ (C) during up bravely/ (C) and went on as if nothing
long bus journey/ (D) No error. has happened/ (D) No error
20. (A) He will be likely/ (B) to leave for the 35. (A) She goes every Sunday/ (B) to Delhi
United States/ (C) last year to visit his which a view to/ (C) buy clothes/ (D) No
brother/ (D) No error. error.
21. (A) The soldiers along with the 36. (A) The scientists claime to discover/ (B)
commander/ (B) was court-martialled/ (C) cure for AIDS and the medicine/ (C) will
for defying the orders./ (D) No error. be put on sale very soon/ (D) No error.
37. (A) She did not/ (B) dare enter the room/ 45. (A) It were the students/ (B) who wanted
(C) without my permission/ (D) No error. the teacher/ (C) to declare holiday/ (D) No
38. (A) You should always aim/ (B) to achieve/ error.
(C) higher goal to succeed in life/ (D) No 46. (A) Two thirds of the majority/ (B) are
error. neede to pass/ (C) the resolution for the
39. (A) He intended/ (B) to qualify/ (C) the impeachment of the President/ (D) No
examination/ (D) No error. error.
40. (A) Those who have no house/ (B) to live
should be/ (C) provided with 47. (A) During freedom struggle/ (B) many a
accomodation/ (D) No error. patriot/ (C) were fired with patriotism/ (D)
41. (A) Each of these players/ (B) have been No error.
warned/ (C) not to repeat the silly mistake/ 48. (A) The rest/ (B) of the students is (C) still
(D) No error. working/ (D) No error.
42. (A) Lime and soda/ (B) is / (C) a digestive 49. (A) No one in this world/ (B) can be able
drink/ (D) No error. to do work/ (C) continuously for ten hours./ (D)
43. (A) The mother as well as her children/ No error.
(B) were brought/ (C) to the police station
for interrogation/ (D) No error. 50. (A) The child picked up/ (B) aburned
44. (A) I don't think/ (B) five thousand rupees paper/ (C) from the street/ (D) No error.
are a large sum/ (C) for the work you are
going to undertake/ (D) No error.

ANSWERS
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (D)
6. (A) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (B) 10. (B)
11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (A) 14. (A) 15. (B)
16. (B) 17. (A) 18. (A) 19. (A) 20. (A)
21. (B) 22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (C) 25. (C)
26. (C) 27. (C) 28. (B) 29. (B) 30. (A)
31. (C) 32. (B) 33. (A) 34. (C) 35. (C)
36. (A) 37. (B) 38. (B) 39. (D) 40. (B)
41. (B) 42 (D) 43. (B) 44. (B) 45. (A)
46. (B) 47. (C) 48. (B) 49. (B) 50. (B)
 CONJUNCTION
The Conjunction 7. Wise men love truth, while fools shun it.
Study the following sentences : Wise men love truth, fools shun it.
1. Hari and Sohan came here this morning. Bold face (and, or, but, as
2. The doctor tried his best, but he could well as, neither ......... nor, so)
not save the patient. Co-ordinating Conjunctions
clause Co-ordinate clauses
3. You may see me in the morning or in the
Co-ordinate clauses
evening.
Principal
Bold face and Hari Clause
Sohan; but (The doctor tried his
best He could not save the patient); Uses of Co-ordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctions (a) and, as well as, both ....... and, not only
Prepositions ........... but also.
We opened our books and began to read.
Kinds My brother as well as my sister speaks
Co-ordinating Conjunctions Punjabi.
Study the following sentences : We offered them both food and lodging.
1. I went to Agra and saw the Taj there. He was not only marked absent but also
I went to Agra. fined.
I saw the Taj there. Co-ordinating conjunctions (and, as well as,
both ....... and, not only .......... but also),
2. Do you want to buy a motorcycle or a
cumulative
scooter ?
Do you want to buy a motorcycle ?
(b) but, still
Do you want to buy a scooter ?
He is intelligent, but he is not diligent.
3. I tried my best to convince him, but he
I am busy, still I shall find something for you.
would not agree with me.
Co-ordinating conjunctions (but, still),
I tried my best to convince him.
statements opposition
He would not agree with me. contrast
4. Mohan as well as his brother plays
cricket. (c) or, either ... or, neither ... nor, else.
Mohan plays cricket. I shall see you tomorrow or the day after.
His brother plays cricket, too. Either come with me, or meet at the station.
5. He neither came nor sent any message. He neither came, nor sent any message.
He did not come. Make haste, else we shall miss the train.
He did not send any message either. Co-ordinating conjunctions (or, either ... or,
6. There must be someone at the door, for neither ... nor, else), alternatives
I hear a knock.
I hear a knock.
There must be someone at the door.
(d) For The child is crying because he is hungry.
There must be someone on the roof, for I Since I get a small salary, I can't afford a
hear foot-steps there. scooter.
The match must be over, for I see the players As you were asleep, I did not disturb you.
returning. Because, since, as Subordinate
Co-ordinating conjunctions for clause cause
inference reason

That
He is so poor that he cannot pay his fee.
Sub-ordinating Conjunctions
That Subordinate clause result
Study the following sentences :
or consequence
Please wait here till I return. Principal clause
Since you are late I can't mark you present. adverb - so
While Radha danced Mohan played on the If, unless, in case
flute. He will to if you accompany him.
I don't understand how he managed to You will not get your admission card unless
escape. you return all the books of the library.
bold face In case I forget, please remind me of my
conjunction clauses promise.
Conjunctions (till, if)
If, unless, in case Subordinate
clauses (till I return, if you want to
clause condition
pass, while Radha danced etc.)
clauses
clause clause Though, although, yet
clauses Though he is poor, yet he is happy.
clauses (Conjunc- Although I was tired, yet I kept working.
tions) Subordinating Conjunction
Though, although yet
clause
Principal Clause
concession
Please wait, Work hard, Mohan played on
the flute etc.
Than
The fox was cleverer than the crow.
Use of the Subordinating Conjunctions
We speak faster than we write.
before, till, since, after.
Than clauses comparison
I will complete my work before I leave the
office.
She can't leave home till her mother comes
back. Conjunctions used in pairs
You have grown weak since I saw you last. conjunctions adjectives, adverbs
Pairs
I can lend you this book after I have read
it.
either ..... or;
Conjunction before, till, since, after
Subordinate clause time such ..... as;
so + adj ..... as;
because, since, as so + adv ..... that;
 hardly ..... when; 2. ........... we were late, .......... we were able
scarcely ..... when; to get the tickets for the show.
both ..... and; 3. Could you please wait .......... my mother
though ..... yet; comes back ?
no sooner ..... than. 4. The invigilator would not allow me to enter
in the examination room ............. I produced
my identity card.
EXERCISE 1
5. He is taller ........... you.
Combine each of the following pairs of 6. My sister writes English well ......... she can't
sentences using an appropriate Conjunction. speak it fluently.
1. a. See me in the evening. 7. Hurry up .......... we shall be late.
b. See me in the morning. 8. I can lend you this book ............... you will
2. a. I see the Taj at Agra. return it to me tomorrow.
b. I saw the Fort too. 9. The farmers returned home ............. the sun
3. a. He is wealthy. had set.
b. He is not happy. 10. Look ........... you leap.
4. a. You were not in your office.
b. You were not at home either. Exercise 3
5. a. Do you like tea ?
Fill each blank in the following sentences with a
b. Do you like coffee ? suitable Conjunction.
6. a. The driver has got a serious head injury.
1. It is better to rule in hell ............... to serve
b. He is out of danger. in heaven.
7. a. You may go.
2. I tried my best ................ I could not
b. I will stay on. succeed.
8. a. I was ill.
3. .................. you don't carry out my orders,
b. I could not come to school Yesterday. you will have to give up the job.
9. a. My son leaves for school at six o'clock.
4. Slow ................. steady wins the race.
b. My daughter also leave for school at six
5. One must work .............. starve.
o'clock.
6. .................... you are in doubt, you must
10. a. Be honest.
look, up the word in a dictionary.
b. Fear none.
7. The wound bled so profusely ............. the
soldier fainted.
EXERCISE 2
8. ...................... I am tired, I cannot work any
Fill each blank in the following sentences with more.
an appropriate Conjunction.
9. Strike the iron ............. it is hot.
1. Is his son an engineer ........ a doctor?
10. Chitra ................ her sister is good singer.

CONJUNCTION
1. (A) Although they listen to me / (B) but 4. (A) Such was his pronunciation / (B) as /
their actions / (C) prove otherwise / (D) No (C) I could not understand him / (D) No
error. error.
2. (A) He treats / (B) us as / (C) slaves / (D) 5. (A) He asked / (B) that who / (C) I was /
No error. (D) No error.
3. (A) Most of the girls are doing / (B) their 6. (A) I am interested / (B) in such books /
post graduation because / (C) they may get (C) that are interesting / (D) No error.
good husbands / (D) No error.
7. (A) Each member of the alliance / (B) 20. (A) The manager of the bank was busy; /
agrees to take such action / (C) that it deems (B) so he asked them to come & see him/
necessary / (D) No error. (C) between two to three in the afternoon/
(D) No error.
8. (A) She looked at him / (B) in such distress/
(C) as he had to look away / (D) No error. 21. (A) No sooner did the sun rise / (B) when
we took a hasty breakfast / (C) and resumed
9. (A) This film is interesting / (B) and the the journey / (D) No error.
previous one / (C) was boring/ (D) No error.
22. (A) Because he is physically strong / (B)
10. (A) It is difficult to know / (B) whether / therefore he was selected / (C) for the
(C) you are selected or not / (D) No error. school boxing team / (D) No error.
11. (A) He has no chance / (B) than to start / 23. (A) The reason for his failure / (B) is
(C) his own business / (D) No error. because / (C) he did not work hard / (D)
12. (A) They had hardly finished / (B) their No error.
meals that at once / (C) they resumed their 24. (A) Arjun asked him / (B) that which was
duty / (D) No error. the way / (C) to the post office / (D) No
13. (A) I don't know whether / (B) Raj is error.
equally / (C) good as Vimal / (D) No error. 25. (A) Unless you do not listen to his advice/
14. (A) He / (B) will return / (C) on either (B) I am not going / (C) to help you / (D)
Monday or Tuesday / (D) No error. No error.
15. (A) He is / (B) not honest and not / (C) 26. (A) How do you say / (B) that neither he or
truthful / (D) No error. Raj has qualified / (C) in the examination/
(D) No error.
16. (A) He has no other business / (B) but to
27. (A) We are not sure / (B) if he is coming/
play / (C) with computer / (D) No error.
(C) to the party / (D) No error.
17. (A) Be smart / (B) not only in dress / (C) 28. (A) Sooner than he had arrived / (B) his
and also in action / (D) No error. friends arranged a reception in his honor /
18. (A) Hardly had I reached the airport / (B) (C) in the best hotel in the town / (D) No
where I learned about / (C) the powerful error.
bomb explosion / (D) No error. 29. (A) Mrs. Dhaka went to Delhi / (B) because
19. (A) My book has been missing / (B) from she might / (C) see Mrs. Rai / (D) No error.
my room / (C) till yesterday / (D) No error. 30. (A) He gave him no money / (B) nor he did
help him / (C) in any way / (D) No error.

ANSWERS
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. B
6. C 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D
11. B 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. B
16. B 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C
21. B 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. A
26. B 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. B
 QUESTION TAGS

You love me, Question Question Tag

don't you ?
He wrote a letter,
didn't he ? Question Question Tags
You do not read, do Questions
you ? Questions Tags
He speaks the truth, 1. Question complete Sentences
doesn't he ? 1. Question tags sentences last
He has deceived
you, hasn't he ?
2.
He is your brother,
2.
isn't he ?
They don't
tell me a lie, do they ? 3.
Aditya does 3.
not take tea, does he ? Questions
I have a bicycle,
haven't I ? Question Tags
He had courage, hadn't he?
Sentences 4.
Speaker 4.
sentences 5. Question
express 5. Question Tags
Audience Audience
Audience
second part Assertive/Imperative
second part Interrogative Statement
second part Question tag

Contracted forms of auxiliary verbs + Not

Auxiliary verbs Short forms Auxiliary verbs Short forms

+ Not used in question tags + Not used in question tags
1. Do + not don't 2. does + not doesn't
3. did + not didn't 4. am I not... aren't I..... ?
5. Is + not isn't 6. are + not aren't
7. has + not hasn't 8. have + not haven't
9. had + not hadn't 10. was + not wasn't
11. were + not weren't 12. shall + not shalln't
13. will + not won't 14. can + not can't
15. should + not shouldn't 16. would + not wouldn't
17. could + not couldn't 18. may + not mayn't
19. might + not mightn't 20. ought + not oughtn't
21. must + not mustn't 22. used + not usedn't
23. need + not needn't 24. dare + not daren't
Formate of Question tags
(i) Affirmative – Auxiliary Verbs + Subject + ?
(ii) Negative – Auxiliary verbs + n't + Subject + ?

Question tags

1. Question tags main verb – go, drink, come etc. –

He writes a letter, don't write he? ()
He writes a letter, doesn't he? ()
He does not drink milk, does drink he?()
He does not drink milk, does he?()
2. Question tags subject pronoun or there
3. Question tags subject noun
4. Question tags Auxiliary verbs or Auxiliary verbs + n't given sentence
Tense Question tag subject Number Person

5. sentence last Question tag Question tag

Auxiliary verbs Sentence Auxiliary verb
6. question tag Auxiliary verbs Question tag do/does/did

How to Make Question Tags

Question tags
(Rule 1) : Affirmative sentence question tag negative Auxiliary verb + n't
+ subject (A.P.) + ? Question Tag
Note : A.P. = Appropriate pronoun
He writes a letter, doesn't he ?
She is ugly, isn't she ?
He came here last night, didn't he ?
You are courageous, aren't you ?
She was a salesgirl, wasn't she ?
I am wrong, aren't I ?
You will help me, won't you ?
He spoke the truth, didn't he ?
He has done his homework, hasn't he ?
He had gone there, hadn't he ?
(Rule 2) : Negative sentence question tag Affirmative Auxiliary verb + subject
(A.P.) + ? Question Tag
 She does not make a noise, do I ?
I don't drink wine, do I ?
You are not laborious, are you ?
She did not see me, did she ?
He will not tell me a story, will he ?
I am not right, am I ?
He did not tell a lie, did he ?
He has not helped her, has he ?
You had not played well, had you ?
She was not lazy, was she ?

(Rule 3) : sentence negative words – Neither, no, not, never, none, no one, nobody,
nothing, few little, hardly, rarely, scarcely, seldom etc... Sentence Negative
Negative sentence Question tag Affirmative
Auxiliary verb + Subject (A.P.) + ? question tag –
We have no friends, have we ?
No one knows this matter, do they ?
They have nothing, have they ?
Nobody is perfect, are they ?
A barking dog seldom bites, does he ?
Nothing is yours, is it ?
Few students have come to attend the class, have they ?
Neither of us helped you, did we ?
I know little about you, do I ?
It is rarely found, is it ?
Note : A few a little positive meaning sentence
Affirmative sentence Question tag negative –
I have a little money, haven't I ?

I have read a few books, haven't I ?

(Rule 4) : Affirmative Imperative sentence question tag affirmative – 'will you' negative–
'won't you ?' –
Switch on the radio, will you ?
Switch on the radio, won't you ?
Please give me money, will you ?
Please give me money, won't you ?
Kindly post this letter, will you ?
Kindly post this letter, won't you ?

(Rule 5) : Negative Imperative sentence question tag affirmative – 'will you' –

Don't open the window, will you ?
Don't spit here, will you ?
Don't switch off the light, will you ?
Don't be late tomorrow, will you ?
Don't make a noise, will you ?
(Rule 6) : Affirmative Imperative sentence more urgency
express question tag – Negative 'won't you ?' –
Remember to shut the window, won't you ?
Be careful while solving the sums, won't you ?

(Rule 7) : Imperative sentence verb question

tag – 'can't you ?' –
Use your own mind, can't you ?
Use your own book, can't you ?

(Rule 8) : Imperative sentence Let us Let's (Proposal/

Suggestion) question tag – 'shall we ?' –
Let us dance together, shall we ?
Let us help her, shall we ?
Let us do this work, shall we ?
Let's go there, shall we ?
Let's read the Gita, shall we ?

(Rule 9) : Imperative sentence Let me/him/her/them/Shyam/Veena etc... question

tag – 'will you ?' –
Let us do this work, will you ?
Let her be my beloved, will you ?
Let him go, will you ?
Let them do their homework, will you ?
Let Veena watch T.V., will you ?

(Rule 10) : sentence used to question tag usen't/didn't

–
He used to come here, usen't he ?
He used to come here, didn't he ?
They usedn't to come here, used they ?
They usedn't to come here, did they ?

(Rule 11) : Dare not / daren't need not / neen't marginal Auxiliary verbs
sentence question tag – affirmative – 'dare/need + subject
(A.P.) + ?' –
He daren't come here, dare he ?
I needn't go there, need I ?
He need not work hard, need he ?
You daren't touch the naked wire, dare they ?

(Rule 12) : Dare need main verh sentence question

tag –
He daren't to oppose his father, doesn't he ?
She needs your note book, doesn't she ?
We needed your help, didn't we ?
 She dared to abuse me, didn't she ?
You don't dare to go there, do you ?
They do not need to go there, do they ?
He did not need to read the Gita, did he ?
I don't dare to beat him, do I ?
Nobody will dare to beat me, will they ?
He will need nothing, will he ?

Note : (i) Negative question tag Auxiliary verbs + not Contracted form –
Auxiliary verb + n't
(ii) I am your best teacher. question tag – negative – 'aren't I ?' 'amn't
I ?'
(iii) I am your best teacher. question tag – affirmative – 'am I ?' 'am
I ?'

How to select the Subjects the Question tags

Question tag subject selection

Question tags subjects
Question tags subjects selection

(Rule 1) : sentence subject– personal pronoun question tag subject

Personal pronoun –
They write, don't they ?
He reads the Ramayana, doesn't he ?
You know me, don't you ?
We did our homework, didn't we ?
I did not see her yesterday, did I ?

(Rule 2) : sentence subject– noun question tag subject Noun

number, person gender he/she/it/they –
Binay and Sudhir are friends, aren't they ?
Bhavna is an intelligent girl, isn't she ?
Rudransh has a ball, hasn't he ?
The sofaset was not strong enough, was it ?
The girls were playing kho-kho, weren't they ?

(Rule 3) : sentence subject there, one, this/that, these/those

Question tag subjects there, one, it they –
There is a book on the table, isn't there ?
One cannot do this sum, can one ?
This is your book, isn't it ?
That is my table, isn't it ?
These are your caps, aren't they ?
Those are your buffaloes, weren't they ?
Note : one, this/that, these/those noun Adjectives
sentence Subject Question tag Subject one, this/that, these/those
noun number, person gender he/she/it/they –
One girl can do this work, can't she ?
This man always disturbed me, didn't he ?
This pen is useless, isn't it ?
That boy has no knowledge, has he ?
These books are yours, aren't they ?
Those women were beautiful, weren't they ?

(Rule 4) : sentence subject no one, any one, someone, everyone, everybody,

somebody, nobody, anybody Question tag Subject they
–
Someone stole my watch, didn't they ?
Anyone can lift this box, can't they ?
Everybody is the master of his fate, aren't they ?
Nobody has seen God, have they ?
Some body knocked at the door, didn't they?

(Rule 5) : sentence subject everything, something, anything nothing

Question tag Subject 'it' they –
Everything looks beautiful, doesn't it?
Nothing is yours, is it ?
Something was there, wasn't it ?
Anything can be done for her, can't it ?

(Rule 6) : sentence subject All of us/you/them; None of us/you.them; one

of us/you/them; anyone of us/you/them; some of us/you/them; most of us/you/them; everyone of us/
you/them; either of us/you/them; neither of us/you/them Question tag Subjects
we, you they –
All of us can do this sum, can't we?
All of you can do this sum, can't you ?
All of them can do this sum, can't they ?
Either of you is innocent, aren't you ?
Neither of us was laborious, were we ?
None of them have seen the Red For, have they ?
Most of you are honest, aren't you ?
Most of them don't know this, do they ?
Some of us are intelligent, aren't we ?
Everyone of them has courage, haven't they ?

QUESTION TAG
A. Fill in the blanks with question tags : 5. Everybody was ready, .............. ?
1. This girl is very beautiful, .............. ? 6. Somebody has broken the chair, .............. ?
2. No one dares to come here, .............. ? 7. Nobody can challenge you, .............. ?
3. Anyone will not do this work, .............. ? 8. No money has been spent, .............. ?
4. Someone might come today, .............. ? 9. Nothing was solf, .............. ?
10. Everything looks bright and beautiful 21. It had been raining for two hours, hadn't it
.............. ? been ?
11. All of us were absent, .............. ? 22. We ought to respect our elders, oughtn't to
12. All of you were there, .............. ? we ?
13. All of them had gone there, .............. ? 23. They have dared to beat him, have they ?
14. Some of us can do it, .............. ? 24. India was under the foreign rule, was it ?
15. Neither of us has deceived her, .............. ? 25. I am free now, amn't I ?
16. Everyone of them was wise, .............. ?
17. One must do one's duty, .............. ? C. Find out the error part of the following
18. Most of them don't know the truth, ........... ?sentences :
19. None of those boys are ready to go there, 1. You (1) / will be sixteen (2) / on your next
.............. ? birthday, (3) / won't you be ? (4) / No error
20. I am the best cricketer, .............. ? (5).
21. You won't be late, .............. ? 2. He (1) / should help (2) / his poor brother,
22. Let us try to get the result .............. ? (3) / shouldn't he ? (4) / No error (5).
23. No man dares to go out, .............. ? 3. Most of them (1) / voted (2) / against the
24. You have nothing to do, .............. ? proposal, (3) / didn't we ? (4) / No error (5).
25. Everyone wants to help the poor, .............. ?
4. There (1) / was not (2) / a single seat vacant,
(3) / was it ? (4) / No error (5).
B. Correct the following italicized question 5. It (1) / was (2) / a horrible accident, (3) /
tags : was it ? (4) / No error (5).
1. Someone has stolen my books, hasn't he ? 6. My wife (1) / easily loses (2) / her temper,
2. Enter by the left door, won't he ? (3) / don't I ? (4) / No error (5).
3. One should keep one's promist, shouldn't 7. They (1) / couldn't attend (2) / the meeting,
he ? (3) / couldn't they ? (4) / No error (5).
8. He (1) / flew from (2) / Patna to Rajgir, (3)
4. Somebody taught him this is his boyhood,
/ didn't he ? (4) / No error (5).
didn't he ?
9. Our publisher (1) / smokes (2) / too many
5. No one has picked his pocket, hasn't he ?
cigrettes, (3) / don't we ? (4) / No error (5).
6. Women are washing their clothes, are they ? 10. The students (1) / haven't paid (2) / their
7. Let me do this, won't you ? fees, (3) / has he ? (4) / No error (5).
8. Never deceive a friend, won't you ? 11. Your friend (1) / didn't pass (2) / the
9. Manners make character, don't it ? examination, (3) / did they ? (4) / No error
10. We refused their admission, did we ? (5).
11. One cannot gather grapes from thistles, can 12. The publisher (1) / gave me (2) / permission
he ? to write this book, (3) / didn't it ? (4) / No
error (5).
12. None of us have seen the Qutub Minar,
13. Mohan (1) / Vijay's brother (2) / is feeling
haven't we ?
better today, (3) / aren't they ? (4) / No error
13. I am his best friend, amn't I ? (5).
14. Most of you have finished this chapter, have 14. We (1) / shall fly (2) / to Delhi next year, (3)
you ? / shall not we ? (4) / No error (5).
15. All of them were naughty, weren't we ? 15. This book (1) / is for the young learners (2)
16. Those girls are active, aren't she ? / of the english language, (3) / isn't this ? (4)
17. That was enough for me, wasn't that ? / No error (5).
18. There is beauty in it, isn't it ? 16. She has (1) / little knowledge (2) / of music,
(3) / hasn't she ? (4) / No error (5).
19. Gandhijee used to spin in the afternoon, didn't
17. At last the traveller (1) / came upon (2) / a
use he ?
fertile place in the desert, (3) / didn't they ?
20. He dares to go there, daren't he ? (4) / No error (5).
18. Farmers (1) / should know (2) / the modern 22. Each of the students (1) / has done (2) / well
way of cultivation, (3) / shouldn't he ? (4) / in the annual examination, (3) / haven't they
No error (5). ? (4) / No error (5).
19. One should (1) / always mind (2) / one's 23. The old lady (1) / can hardly walk (2) / and
own business, (3) / shouldn't he ? (4) / No is now confined to her house, (3) / can't she
error (5). ? (4) / No error (5).
20. We would not (1) / return the money (2) / 24. There are not (1) / any good restaurants (2)
that he borrowed, (3) / will he ? (4) / No / in this part of the town, (3) / are they ? (4)
error (5). / No error (5).
21. The captain as well as (1) / five other 25. Give me (1) / three thousand (2) / rupees
members (2) / of the team was present, (3)/ please, (3) / will you ? (4) / No error (5).
weren't they ? (4) / No error (5).

ANSWER - A ANSWER - B
1. isn't she ? 2. do they ? 1. haven't they ? 2. will you ? / won't you ?
3. will they ? 4. mightn't they ? 3. shouldn't one ? 4. didn't they ?
5. weren't they ? 6. haven't they ? 5. have they ? 6. aren't they ?
7. can they ? 8. has it ? 7. will you ? 8. will you ?
9. was it ? 10. doesn't it ? 9. don't they ? 10. didn't we ?
11. weren't we? 12. weren't you ? 11. can one ? 12. have we ?
13. hadn't they ? 14. can't we ? 13. aren't I ? 14. haven't you ?
15. have we ? 16. weren't they ? 15. weren't they ? 16. aren't they ?
17. mustn't one ? 18. do they ? 17. wasn't it ? 18. isn't there ?
19. are they ? 20. aren't I ? 19. usedn't he ? / didn't he ?
21. will you ? 22. shall we ? 20. doesn't he ? 21. hadn't it ?
23. does he ? 24. have you ? 22. oughtn't we ? 23. haven't they ?
25. don't they ? 24. wasn't it ? 25. aren't I ?

ANSWER - C
1. (4) won't you be won't you 2. (5) Given sentence correct 3. (4) didn't
we didn't they 4. (4) was it was there 5. (4) was
it wasn't it 6. (4) don't I doesn't she 7. (4) couldn't
they could they 8. (5) Given sentence correct 9. (4) don't we
doesn't he 10. (4) has he have they 11. (4) did they
did he/she 12. (4) didn't it didn't he 13. (4) aren't they
isn't he 14. (4) shall not we shan't we 15. (4) isn't this
isn't it 16. (4) hasn't she has she 17. (4) didn't they
didn't he 18. (4) shouldn't he shouldn't they 19. (4)
shouldn't he shouldn't one 20. (4) will he would he
21. (4) weren't they wasn't he 22. (4) haven't they han't he
23. (4) can't she can she 24. (4) are they are there
25. (5) Given sentence correct
 VOICE
Look at the two sentences. The use of Passive Voice :
The child broke the glass. Look at these two sentences :
The glass was broken by the child. Some people built a road to connect the
Subject The child village to the town.
child A road was build (by some people) to
child connect the village to the town.
verb Active Voice verb
Passive Voice
The glass Object
glass

glass
A road
glass (The action that the
Subject
glass suffered or received)
Passive Voice
Passive Voice
object Passive Voice
Passive Voice
Study and note the forms of the verb in My pocket was picked in the bus. (Someone
each of the sentences in Active Voice and Passive did it.)
Voice. The travellers were robbed. (Some unknown
robber did it.)
Active Voice Passive Voice
A mistake has been made in totalling the
He shot the tiger. The tiger was shot by him.
marks. (Who made the mistake is not the
The villagers caught The thieve were caught by information to be expressed.)
the thieves. the villagers. The price of petrol has been increased since
They were buying Balloons were being bought
the first of this month. (The suppliers have
balloons. by them. done it.)
School fees much be paid before the 15th
He has made a mistake. A mistake has been made
by him. each month. (This is an impersonal order.)
Butter is got from cream. (We need not say
They have won the The match has been won who gets the butter.)
match. by them.

They sell mangoes in Mangoes are sold in this

the shop. shop.
EXERCISE 1
Change the following sentences into the
They teach Sanskrit in Sanskrit is taught in this passive form. The italicised word will be the
this school. school.
subjects. Study the examples :
He is writing a letter. A letter is being written Examples :
by them.
1. Somebody stole my watch yesterday.
Raju will post the letter. The latter will be posted by My watch was stolen yesterday.
Raju.
2. I sold my car for sixteen thousand rupees.
They have locked all All the doors had been My car was sold for sixteen thousand rupees.
the doors. locked by them.
1. They have found out the truth. 5. Ravi Shanker's performance thrilled the
2. Someone has discovered a cure for malaria. audience.
3. They have invented a new sewing machine. 6. My servant can post your letter.
4. The teacher made him the monitor of the 7. Savita can recite a poem at the function.
class. 8. The principal congratulated him on his
5. They manufacture good shoes in Kanpur. success.
6. We did not import foodgrains last year. 9. Shakespere wrote a number of plays.
7. Everyone appreciated his work. 10. A little boy greeted her on the road.
8. People speak different languages in India. Sentences Active Voice Passive Voice
Passive Voice Active Voice
9. They broadcast the President's message this
tense
morning.
(form)
10. You can give him a job in your factory. (tenses) Passive Voice
(forms) chart
When to use the 'by' + Noun or Pronoun : Chart P.P. (Past Participle)
Look at these two sentences :
This house was built by my uncle. Tense Form Example
It is now owned by a film actor. Present am + P.P. I am helped by my
The thieves were caught by some villagers. brother.
by + noun/pronoun (doer
Simple is + P.P. The book is sold in
or agent) Phrase
the next shop.
(doer or agent) are + P.P. Most shops are
phrase closed on Sundays.
Past Simple was + P.P. The tiger was shot.
This house was built last year. were + P.P. Two trees were cut
The robbers were caught the next morning. down yesterday.
Rice is grown in many parts of India. Present am + being I am being helped
America was discovered in 1492. by my brother.
A murder has been committed in that Continuous + P.P. A bridge is being
village.
is + being built across that
river.
EXERCISE 2
+ P.P. Some films are
Change the following sentences into passive
are + being being shown.
form. Use the words in italics as subject. Study
the examples : Past + P.P. The meeting was
Examples : was + being being addressed by
1. My brother painted that picture. the Prime Minister.
That picture was painted by my brother. Continuous + P.P. The lamps were
2. Johnny shot a bird. were + being being lighted.
A bird was shot a Johnny. Present + P.P. Our car has been
1. Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun. has + been repaired.
2. The Government runs many buses between Perfect + P.P. Tickets have been
Delhi and Agra. have + been bought.
3. Mr. Ray gave five rupees to his servant. Past + P.P. A hospital had
4. Meera sang a beautiful song last evening. had + been been opened.
Perfect + P.P. flags will be flown 5. They will set up two more steel plants in
Simple will/shall on the day. the next Five-Year Plan.
+ be 6. We can now remove the plates and wash
them.
Future + P.P. We shall be told
7. You must type these letters before five
about the date of
o'clock.
we wedding.
8. We should call a doctor.
Future will/shall The boy will have
9. Everyone should obey the laws of the
+ be been sent up to the country.
next class. 10. We couldn't find a taxi.
Perfect + P.P. We shall have been
promoted to the Commands and Questions in the Passive
next class.
Active Passive
Hang this picture on Let this picture be hung
Chart Passive Voice Modal Auxiliaries
the wall. on the wall.
Switch on the lights. Let the lights be
Active Passive
switched on.
Our boys can win the The match be won by
Break the lock. Let the lock be broken.
match our boys
Inform the police. Let the police be
Ants may eat the cake. The cake may be eaten
informed.
by ants.
Did you make this by Was this made by hand
We might win the cup. The cup might be won
hand? by you?
by us.
Can we send this by Can this be sent by a
He must send a reply. A reply must be sent by
a messenger? messenger?
him.
Should we inform the Should the police be
Gopal could drive the The car could be driven
police? informed?
car on the mountain on the mountain road
Has anyone used my Has my pen been used
road. by Gopal.
pen? by anyone?
Dr. Shahane should see This patient should be
Will the judge acquit Will the prisoner be
this patient. seen by Dr. Shahane.
the prisoner? acquitted?
He would recite a A prayer would be
Where did you find Where was this box
prayer. recited by him.
this box? found?
We ought to obey our Our parents ought to be
How did they find How was the solution
parents. obeyed.
solution? found?
What language do What language is
EXERCISE 3
these people speak? spoken by these people?
Put the following sentences in the Passive
Who wrote this novel? By whom was this
Voice. Use by + noun or pronoun only where it
is needed to complete the meaning of the novel written?
sentence. EXERCISE 4
1. Out team won the cup. Put these sentence in the Passive Voice.
2. The Principal admitted Anil into the college. 1. Post this letter today.
3. Banks pay interest on deposits. 2. Did they call a taxi?
4. They were shooting a film. 3. Have you paid your fees?
4. Don't send the parcel now. The teacher made the The boys were made
5. Where did they play the match? boys stay back. to stay back.
6. How did you open it? We saw him take the He was seen taking the
7. How do they work by this machine? pen. pen.
8. Send invitations to all the parents. Suresh helped me I was helped by Suresh
9. Why did you cut down the trees? carry the luggage. to carry the luggage.
10. Give this letter to your father. Parents allow their Children are allowed by
11. Was the cleaning the room? children to do what their parents to do what
12. Are they buying ribbons? they like. they like.
13. Will you decorate your home on your The teacher told the The boys were told to
birthday? boys to write in the write in ink.
14. Will she cook food at eight in the morning? ink.
The doctor advised the The young man was
Here are some examples of transformation
from Active to Passive. young man to give up advised by the doctor

Active Passive smoking. to give up smoking.

Mr. Das teaches us We are taught English

English. by Mr. Das.
English is taught to us EXERCISE 5

by Mr. Das. Put these following sentences in the Passive

Voice.
They paid him his He was paid his salary.
1. The Headmaster refused the boy admission.
salary. His salary was paid to
2. My brother promised me his help.
him.
3. We should teach that fellow a lesson.
The villagers gave him He was given a great
4. Why did they offer him such a low salary?
a great welcome. welcome by the
5. Someone told me how go get there.
villagers.
A great welcome was 6. The judge found the prisoner guilty.

given to him by the 7. Woollen clothes keep us warm.

villagers. 8. The children called him "Chacha Nehru".
The boy elected Mohan Mohan was elected 9. The facts proved his ideas wrong.
captain. captain by the boys. 10. We have painted the doors green.
Sunil called his dog Sunil's dog was called 11. We saw the man throw a stone at the car.
'Tommy'. 'Tommy'. 12. Someone must help me solve the problem.
The news left the old The old man was left 13. The Principal allowed the boy to go home.
man sad. sad by the news. 14. The old man urged his sons to be united.
The discovery of oil The country has been 15. They named the child 'Ramu'.
has made the country made prosperous by the
prosperous. discovery of oil.
 ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE
Directions (1-150) : In the following questions, 5. The minister was being waited for by the
a sentence has been given in Active voice. Out of people.
the been given in Active Voice. Out of the four (a) The people were waiting with the
alternatives suggested below, select the one which minister.
best expresses the same sentence in Passive Voice. (b) The people were waiting by the
1. Why haven’t been allowed to go? minister.
(a) Why you haven’t been allowed to go? (c) The people have been waiting for the
(b) Why haven’t you been allowed to go? minister.
(c) Why were you not allowed to go? (d) The people were waiting for the
(d) Why you were not allowed to go? minister.
2. I expected him to give us financial aid. 6. By whom were you insulted?
(a) It was expected of him to give us (a) Who insulted you?
financial aid. (b) Who was insulted you?
(b) Let it be expected that he would give (c) Who has insulted you?
us financial aid. (d) Who insulted your?
(c) It was expected by me that he will give 7. I had never seen such a lovely sight before.
us financial aid.
(a) Such a lovely sight had never been seen
(d) He may be expected to give us financial
by me before.
aid.
(b) Such a lovely sight has never been seen
3. Tobacco manufacturers are making
by me before.
considerable efforts to gain new clients.
(c) Such a lovely sight was never being
(a) Considerable efforts are being made by
seen by me before.
tobacco manufacturers to gain new
clients. (d) Such a lovely sight was never seen by
me before.
(b) Considerable efforts being made by
tobacco manufacturers to gain new 8. Should we not obey our parents?
clients. (a) Should our parents be obeyed by us?
(c) Considerable efforts are made by tobacco (b) Should our parents not obeyed by us?
manufacturers to gain new clients. (c) Should our parents not be obeyed by
(d) To gain new clients by tobacco us?
manufacturers considerable efforts are
(d) Should our parents not being obeyed
being made.
by us?
4. Cigarette smoking causes two million
deaths annually in the industrial states. 9. Must I help him?
(a) Cigarette smoking has been causing (a) Must he helped by me?
two million deaths annually in the (b) Must be have helped by me?
industrial states.
(b) Two million deaths are caused annually (c) Must he being helped by me?
by cigarette smoking in the industrial (d) Must he be helped by me?
states. 10. Could you have done it?
(c) Two million deaths are being caused (a) Could have been done by you?
by cigarette smoking annually in the
industrial states. (b) Could it have been done by you?
(d) Two million deaths have been caused (c) Could it have done by you?
annually by cigarette smoking in the (d) Could it have to be done by you?
industrial states.
11. Had he obtained leave? 18. It is time to say prayers.
(a) Has leave been obtained by him? (a) It is time for prayers to said.
(b) Has leave obtained by him? (b) It is time for prayers being said.
(c) Has leave been obtained him? (c) It is time for prayers to be said
(d) Has leave been obtained for him? (d) It is time prayers to be said.
12. Will you have read the book by tomorrow? 19. It is necessary to write this essay.
(a) Will the book have read by you by (a) It is necessary for this essay to be
tomorrow? written.
(b) Will the book have being read by you (b) It is necessary this essay to be written.
by tomorrow?
(c) It is necessary for this essay to written.
(c) Will the book have been read by you
(d) It is necessary that this essay to be
by tomorrow?
written.
(d) The book have been read by you by
tomorrow? 20. She told me a wonderful story.
13. What have you drawn? (a) I was told a wonderful story by her.
(a) What has drawn by you? (b) A wonderful story was told with me.
(b) What is being drawn by you? (c) A wonderful story was told by me.
(c) What have been drawn by you? (d) A wonderful story was being told me.
(d) What has been drawn by you? 21. He stole my book.
14. Who has broken the bottle? (a) My book has been stolen by hi
(a) By whom has the bottle been broken? (b) My book was stolen by him.
(b) By whom has the bottle broken? (c) My book was being stolen by hi
(c) Whom has the bottle been broken? (d) My book had been stolen by him
(d) By who has the bottle been broken?
22. A lie has been told by me
15. I know him.
(a) I had told a lie.
(a) He is known by me.
(b) He was known to me. (b) I tell a lie
(c) He has been known by me. (c) I have told a lie.
(d) He is known to me. (d) I told a lie.
16. They are building a house next door to our 23. Someone was reading the Ramayana.
school. (a) The Ramayana has being read
(a) Next door to our school a house is (b) The Ramayana had been read.
being built by them. (c) The Ramayana was being read by him.
(b) Next door to our school is being built (d) The Ramayana was read by them.
a house by them. 24. You will not be caught.
(c) A house next door to our school is
(a) Somebody has caught you.
being built by them.
(b) Nobody would caught you.
(d) A house is being built by them next
door to our school. (c) Somebody will catch you.
17. The teacher punished the boys who had (d) Nobody will catch you.
not done their homework. 25. The children had eaten all the cakes before
(a) The boys who had not done their the Party began.
homework had been punished by their (a) All the Cakes had been eaten by the
teacher. children before the Party began.
(b) The boys were punished by their teacher (b) All the Cakes had been finished by the
who had not done their homework. children before the Party began.
(c) The boys who had not done their (c) All the Cakes was being finished by
homework were punished by the the children before the party began.
teacher. (d) All the Cakes were fin ished by the
(d) The boys who had not done their children before the party began.
homework were being punished by the
teacher.
26. The house will have been built. 33. Who has stolen her pen?
(a) They will built the house. (a) Who has her pen been stolen by?
(b) They will have built the house. (b) By whome was her pen be stolen?
(c) They will built house. (c) Who has her pen being stolen by?
(d) They would built house. (d) By whome has been her pen be stolen?
27. Music has been being learnt by the girls 34. You cannot pump the ocean dry.
for several months.
(a) The ocean cannot be pumped dry.
(a) The girls are learning music for several
(b) The ocean couldnot be pumped dry.
months.
(b) The girls have been learning music for (c) The ocean might not be pumped dry.
several months. (d) The ocean couldnot be pumped dry.
(c) The girls has been learning music for 35. Alas! we shall hear his voice no more.
several months. (a) Alas! his voice should not be heard.
(d) The girls had been learning music for (b) Alas! his voice would be heard no
several months. more.
28. One should keep one's promises. (c) Alas! his voice would be heard no
(a) Promises should be kept. more.
(b) Promises should have been kept. (d) Alas! his voice will be heard no more.
(c) Some one should being kept promises. 36. I shall be obliged to go.
(d) Promises shall be kept. (a) Circumstances oblige me to go.
29. Everyone will do his homework. (b) Circumstances will oblige me to go.
(a) His home work would be done by
(c) Circumstances shall oblige me to go.
everyone.
(d) It will oblige me to go.
(b) His home work will be done by
everyone. 37. Do not insult the weak.
(c) His home work would being done by (a) The weak should not be insutted.
everyone. (b) Let the weak is not being insulted.
(d) His home work will being done by (c) Let the weak not be insulted.
everyone. (d) The weak shall not be insulted.
30. Why did your brother write such a letter? 38. Why did this?
(a) Why had such a letter written by your (a) By whom was this done?
brother. (b) By whom was being this done?
(b) Why was such a letter written by your (c) By whom is being this done?
brother
(d) By whom had been this done?
(c) Why has your brother written by letter.
39. He handed her a cheque.
(d) Why had been such a letter written by
your brother. (a) She had been handed her a cheque.
31. The dog was hit with a stick. (b) She was handed a cheque.
(a) Somebody has hitted the dog with a (c) She was being handed a cheque.
stick. (d) A cheque had handed to her.
(b) Somebody hitted the dog with a stick. 40. One may accomplish many things by a little
(c) With a stick the dog was being beaten. effort.
(d) Somebody hit the dog with a stick. (a) Many things can be accomplished by a
32. Let us work. little effort.
(a) It has been suggested that we should (b) A little effort can be accomplished by
work. many things.
(b) It is suggested that we should work. (c) A little effort could be accomplished
(c) It is being suggested that we should by many things.
work. (d) A little effort might be accomplished
(d) It is being suggested that we should by many things.
work.
41. You surprise me. 48. He performed his symphony for the first
(a) I am to be surprised time last week.
(b) You are surprised. (a) His symphony was performed for the
first time last week.
(c) I am surprised
(b) His symphony will be performed for
(d) Me is surprised the first time last week.
42. The boys killed the snake with a stick. (c) His symphony had performed for the
(a) The snake was killed by the boys with first time last week.
a stick. (d) His symphony had ben performed for
(b) A stick was killed by the boys with a the first time last week.
snake. 49. It fascinated me.
(c) A snake with a stick was killed by the (a) I am fascinated by it.
boys. (b) I will be fascinated by it.
(d) A snake is killed by the boys with a (c) I was fascinated by it.
stick. (d) I have been fascinated by it.
43. Let me do this. 50. A duke of the sixteenth century had killed
(a) Let us do this. his wife in this room.
(b) This be done by me. (a) The wife of duke of the sixteenth
century was kill by him in this room.
(c) Let this be done by me.
(b) The wife of a duke of the sixteenth
(d) Let do this. century were killed by him in this room.
44. The tiger caught a fox. (c) The wife of a duke of the sixteenth
(a) A fox has been caught by the tiger. century killed by him in this room.
(b) A fox was caught by the tiger. (d) The wife of a duke of the sixteenth
(c) A fox is caught by the tiger. century was killed by him in this room.
(d) A fox had been caught by the tiger. 51. The owner himself showed them the house.
45. Someone has lit the fire. (a) They was shown the house by the
(a) The fire was lit by someone. owner himself.
(b) You are requested to light the fire by (b) They were shown the house by the
owner himself.
someone.
(c) They have been shown the house by
(c) The fire has been lit by someone. the owner himself.
(d) The fire had been lit by someone. (d) They can be shown the house by the
46. You will have to amuse him with riddles owner himself.
and bed-time stories. 52. Have they carried out his instructions?
(a) He will have to be amused by you with (a) Has his instructions been carried out by
riddles and bed time stories. them?
(b) He have to be amused with riddles and (b) Had his instructions been carried out
bed time stories. by them?
(c) He would have to be amused with (c) Have his instructions been carried out
riddles and bed time stories. by them?
(d) He will to be amused with riddles and (d) Have his instructions carried out by
bed time stories. them?
47. They discovered a new pill to stimulate the 53. We have to pick fruits of mango very early
appetite. in the morning.
(a) A new pill to stimulate the appetite is (a) The fruit were to be picked very early
discovered. in the morning.
(b) A new pill to stimulate the appetite was (b) The fruit had to be picked very early
discovered. in the morning.
(c) A new pill to stimulate the appetite has (c) The fruit was to be picked very early
been discovered. in the morning.
(d) A new pill to stimulate the appetite had (d) The fruits of mango have to be picked
been discovered. very early in the morning.
54. They allowed Harry to go but they did not 59. What amused you?
allow Dick. (a) What you are made to amuse by?
(a) Harry was allowed to go but Dick was (b) By what are you being amused?
not (allowed to go).
(c) By what were you amused?
(b) Harry allowed to go but Dick was not
(d) By what have you been amused?
(allowed to go).
60. Smoke and flames engulfed the area and
(c) Harry was allowed to go but Dick not made rescue operations difficult.
(allowed to go).
(a) The area was engulfed in smoke and
(d) Harry was allowed to go but Dick were flames and made rescue operations
not (allowed to go). difficult.
55. Fear of death oppresses some old people. (b) The area was engulfed in smoke and
(a) Some old people were oppressed with flames making rescue operations
the fear of death. difficult.
(c) The area had been engulfed in smoke
(b) Some old people are oppressed with
and flames and made rescue operations
the fear of death.
difficult.
(c) Some old people will be oppressed with (d) The area was engulfed in smoke and
the fear of death. flames and rescue operations were made
(d) Some old people can be oppressed with difficult.
the fear of death. 61. It is time to take tea.
56. He asked me to finish the work in time. (a) It was time that tea was taken.
(a) I was asked that I should finish the (b) It is time for tea to be taken.
work in time. (c) It is time that tea should be taken.
(b) He asked me that I should finish the (d) It is time that tea had been taken.
work in time. 62. The members should adhere to all the
(c) I was asked to finish the work in time. decisions.
(d) I was asked to finish the work in time (a) All the decisions should adhere to the
by him. members.
57. Quinine tastes bitter. (b) All the decisions adhered to the
members.
(a) Quinine is bitter when it is tasted.
(c) All the decisions should be adhered to
(b) Quinine is bitter tasted. by the members.
(c) The taste of quinine is bitter. (d) All should adhere to the decisions of
(d) Quinine is tasted bitter. the members.
63. His subordinates accused him of various
58. The vintage cars hold a special place in
offences.
the hearts of their owners.
(a) A special place in the hearts of the (a) They accused him of various offences.
vintage car owners is held by them. (b) It was accused by his subordinates that
(b) A special place was held by the vintage he had done various offences.
cars in the hearts of their owners. (c) His subordinates accused that he had
(c) A special place is held by the vintage done various offences.
cars in the hearts of their owners. (d) He was accused of various offences by
(d) A special place is being held by the his subordinates.
vintage cars in the hearts of their
owners.
64. We will know the outcome of these 71. The accountant took the money from the
experiments after six months. customer.
(a) The outcome of these experiments will (a) The money is taken form the customer
be known after six months. by the accountant.
(b) The outcome will be known of these (b) The money was taken from the
experiments after six months. customer by the accountant.
(c) After six months, we will know the (c) The customer was taken the money by
outcome of these experiments. the accountant
(d) These experiments will have a known (d) The money had been taken from the
outcome after six months. customer by the accountant.
65. Please help me. 72. The peon refused him admittance.
(a) You were requested to help me. (a) He was refused admittance by the peon.
(b) You are being requested to help me.
(b) Admittance is refused to him by the
(c) You are requested to help me. peon.
(d) You have been requested to help me. (c) Admittance was refused by the peon to
66. They are building a house next door to our him.
school. (d) Admittance is refused him by the peon.
(a) Next door to our school a house is 73. The reporter was interviewing the political
being built by them.
leaders.
(b) Next door to our school is being built
(a) The political leaders were being
a house by them.
interviewed by the reporter.
(c) A house next door to our school is
(b) The political leaders was being
being built by them.
interviewed by the reporter.
(d) A house is being built by them next
(c) The political leaders are being
door to our school.
interviewed by the reporter.
67. Who is creating this mess?
(d) The political leader is being
(a) Who has created this mess? interviewed by the reporter.
(b) By whom has this mess been created?
74. The beavers have built a perfect dam across
(c) By whom this mess is being created? the stream.
(d) By whom is this mess being created? (a) A perfect dam had been built by the
68. The clown was being laughed at by them? beavers across the stream.
(a) They were laughing at the clown. (b) A perfect dam has been built by the
(b) They wre laughing on the clown. beavers across the stream.
(c) They laughed at the clown. (c) A perfect dam have been built by the
(d) The clown was laughed at by them. beavers across the stream.
69. Who taught her such things? (d) A perfect dam was being built by the
(a) Who was She taught such things by? beavers across the stream.
(b) She was taught such things by who? 75. You should follow all the instructions
(c) By whom she was taught such things? carefully.
(d) By whom was she taught such things? (a) All the instructions are carefully
70. A lion may be helped even by a little followed by us.
mouse. (b) All the instructions were carefully
(a) A little mouse may even help a lion. followed by us.
(b) Even a little mouse may help a lion. (c) All the instructions should be carefully
followed by us.
(c) A little mouse can even help a lion.
(d) All the instructions can be carefully
(d) Even a little mouse ought to help a
followed by us.
lion.
76. His pocket has been picked. 84. The murderer hid the knife in the grass.
(a) They have his pocket picked. (a) The knife had been hidden in the grass
(b) Picking has been done to his pocket. by the murderer.
(c) Picked has been his pocket. (b) The knife will be hidden in the grass
(d) Someone has picked his pocket. by the murderer.
77. The French surrendered Quebec to the (c) The knife is hidden in the grass by the
English in 1759. murderer.
(a) Quebec was surrendered by the french (d) The knife was hidden in the grass by
to the English in 1759. the murderer.
(b) Quebec was surrendered to the English 85. Anyone will rob you if you are not careful.
in 1759 by the French. (a) You will be robbed if you are not
(c) The English were surrendered Quebec careful.
in 1759 by the French. (b) You will robbed if you are not careful.
(d) Quebec was surrendered in 1759 by the (c) You will be rob if you are not careful.
French to the English. (d) You will have robbed if you are not
78. Someone gave her a bull dog. careful.
(a) She was given a bull dog. 86. Someone has lit the fire.
(b) A bull dog was given to her. (a) The fire was lit by someone.
(c) She has been given a bull dog. (b) You are requested to light the fire by
(d) She is being given a bull dog by someone.
someone. (c) The fire has been lit by someone.
79. A stone struck me on the head. (d) The fire had been lit by someone.
(a) I was struck by a stone on the head. 87. You surprise me.
(b) My head was struck by a stone. (a) I am to be surprised.
(c) I had been struck by a stone on the (b) You are surprised.
head.
(c) I am surprised.
(d) I was struck on the head by a stone.
(d) Me is surprised.
80. You must look into this matter.
(a) This matter has been looked into by 88. The boys killed the snake with a stick.
you. (a) The snake was killed by the boys with
(b) This matter may be looked into by you. a stick.
(c) This matter must be looked into by you. (b) A stick was killed by the boys with a
(d) This matter into looked by you. snake.
81. Who is bothering you? (c) A snake with a stick was killed by the
(a) By whom are you being bothered? boys.
(b) Who, are you being bothered? (d) A snake is killed by the boys with a
(c) By whom were you being bothered? stick.
(d) By whom is you being bothered? 89. Let me do this.
82. One must do one’s duty. (a) Let us do this.
(a) Duty must done. (b) This be done by me.
(b) Duty must be done. (c) Let this be done by me.
(c) Duty must have be done. (d) Let I do this.
(d) Duty must have been done. 90. The tiger caught a fox.
83. Two oxen pull the plough. (a) A fox has been caught by the tiger.
(a) The plough are pulled by two oxen. (b) A fox was caught by the tiger.
(b) The plough was pulled by two oxen. (c) A fox is caught by the tiger.
(c) The plough is pulled by two oxen. (d) A fox had been caught by the tiger.
(d) The plough pulled by two oxen.
91. Why haven’t they allowed you to go? 96. A lion does not eat grass, however hungry
(a) Why you haven’t been allowed to go? he may be.
(b) Why haven’t you been allowed to go? (a) Grass is not eaten by a lion, however
(c) Why were you not allowed to go? hungry he may be
(d) Why you were not allowed to go? (b) Grass is not being eaten by a lion,
92. I expected thim to give us financial aid. however hungry he may be
(a) It was expected of him to give us (c) Grass is eaten not by a lion, however
financial aid. hungry he may be
(b) Let it be expected that he would give (d) Grass is being not eaten by a lion,
us financial aid. however hungry he may be
(c) It was expected by me that he will give 97. Someone saw him picking up a gun.
us financial aid.
(a) He was seen pick up a gun by someone.
(d) He may be expected to give us financial
(b) He was seen picking up a gun by
aid.
someone.
93. Tobacco manufactures are making
(c) He was seen when he was picking up
considerable efforts to gain new clients.
a gun.
(a) Considerable efforts are being made by
tobacco manufactures to gain new (d) He was seen by someone pick a gun.
clients. 98. He was obliged to resign.
(b) Considerable efforts were being made (a) He was made to resign.
by tobacco manufactures to gain new (b) To resign was his obligation.
clients. (c) Circumstances obliged him to resign.
(c) Considerable efforts are made by (d) Resignation obliged him.
tobacco manufactures to gain new 99. Why did you not agree to my proposal?
clients. (a) Why was my proposal not agreed to?
(d) To gain new clients by tobacco (b) Why was my proposal not agreed by
manufactures considerable efforts are you?
being made. (c) Why my proposal was not agreed by
94. Has anybody done all the work? you?
(a) Have all the work been doen by (d) Why was my proposal not agreed to
somebody. by you?
100. The noise of the traffic kept me awake.
(b) Somebody has done all the work.
(a) I remained awake by the noise of the
(c) The work has been done by somebody.
traffic.
(d) Has all the work been done by
(b) I was kept a waking by the noise of the
somebody.
traffic.
95. Cigarette smoking causes two million
(c) I was kept awake by the noise of the
deaths annually in the industrial states.
traffic.
(a) Cigarette smoking has been causing
(d) The traffic kept me awake by the noise.
two million deaths annually in the
101. I remember my sister taking me to the
industrial states.
museum.
(b) Two million deaths are caused annually
(a) I remember taken to the museum by
by cigarette smoking in the industrial
my sister.
states.
(b) I remember myself being taken to the
(c) Two million deaths are being caused
museum by my sister.
by cigarette smoking annually in the
(c) I remember I was taken to the museum
industrial states.
by my sister.
(d) Two million deaths have been caused
(d) I remember being taken to the museum
annually by cigarette smoking in the
by my sister.
industrial states.
102. Why do you waste time? 109. They have made him a king.
(a) Why is time wasted by you? (a) A king has been made by him.
(b) Why is time been wasted by you? (b) He was made a king by them.
(c) Why has time been wasted by you? (c) They have been made kings by him.
(d) Why is time being wasted by you? (d) He has been made a king by them.
103. Who teaches you English?
110. Walking along the road, he noticed a dead
(a) By whom were you taught English? cobra.
(b) by whom are you taught English?
(a) Walking along the road, a dead cobra
(c) Englush is taught by whom? is noticed.
(d) By whom will you be taught English?
(b) Walking along the road, a dead cobra
104. We hope that we shall win the match.
noticed him.
(a) The match is hoped to be won.
(c) Walking along the road, a dead cobra
(b) Match winning is our hope.
was noticed by him.
(c) It is hoped that the match will be won
(d) None of these.
by us.
(d) Winning the match is hoped by us. 111. Romans expected to conquers Charthage.
105. Somebody told me that there had been an (a) Carthage was expected to be conquered
explosion in the Town Hall. by the Romans.
(a) I was told by somebody about the (b) The Romans were expected to conquer
explosion in the Town Hall. Carthage.
(b) I was told about the explosion in the (c) It was expected by the romans that they
Town Hall. would conquer Carthage.
(c) I was informed that there was an (d) The Romans expected to have
explosion in the Town Hall. conquered Carthage.
(d) I was told by somebody that there had 112. He was arrested on a charge of theft, but
been an explosion in the Town Hall. for lack of evidence he was released.
106. Circumstances will oblige me to go. (a) He was arrested on a charge of theft,
(a) I will oblige the circumstances and go. but was released for lack of evidence.
(b) I shall be obliged to go by the (b) The police arrested him on a charge of
circumstances. theft, but for lack of evidence he was
(c) Under the circumstances, I should go. released.
(d) I would be obliged by the (c) The police arrested him on a charge of
circumstances to go. theft, but for lack of evidence released
107. We waste much time on trifles. him.
(a) Much time was wasted on trifles. (d) None of these.
(b) Much time will be wasted on trifles. 113. Can you solve this sum quickly?
(c) Much time is wasted by us on trifles. (a) Can this sum be solved by you?
(d) Much time is wasted on trifles. (b) Can this sum solve by you?
108. Mohan gave the beggar an old shirt. (c) Can this sum be solved you quickly?
(a) An old shirt was given to Mohan by (d) Can this sum be solved by you quickly?
the beggar. 114. The report alarmed us.
(b) An old shirt was given to the beggar (a) We had been alarmed at the report.
by Mohan. (b) We were alrmed by the report.
(c) The beggar was gave an old shirt by (c) We were alarmed at the report.
Mohan.
(d) We were alarmed for the report.
(d) An old shirt was gave to the beggar by
Mohan.
115. My progress satisfied my teachers. 122. The children are makign a noise.
(a) My teachers will be satisfied with my (a) A noise is made by the children.
progress. (b) A noise is being made by the children.
(b) My teachers were satisfied for my (c) The children should be making a noise.
progress. (d) A noise has been made by the children.
(c) My teachers had been satisfied with my 123. The child’s shrill wail broke the silence.
progress. (a) The silence was being broken by the
(d) My teachers were satisfied with my child’s shrill wail.
progress. (b) They child’s shrill wail was broken by
the silence.
116. You cannot please everybody.
(c) The silence was broken by the child’s
(a) Everybody cannot be pleased with you. shrill wail.
(b) Everybody can be pleased with you. (d) The silence was being broken by the
(c) Everybody cannot pleased with you. child’s shrill wail.
(d) Everybody cannot be please with you. 124. The judge advised me to settle the matter
117. Satish married Kanika. out of court.
(a) Kanika was married for Satish. (a) I am advised to settle the matter out of
(b) Kanika was married to Satish. court by the judge.
(c) Kanika is married to Satish. (b) I have been advised to settle the matter
out of court by the judge.
(d) Kanika has been married to Satish.
118. Her failure surprised us. (c) I was advised to settle the matter out
of court by the judge.
(a) We were surprised her failure.
(d) I had to be advised to settle the matter
(b) We will be surprised at her failure.
out of court by the judge.
(c) We were surprised at her failure.
125. Rajiv choose his words with care.
(d) We had been surprised at her failure.
(a) Words are chosen with care by Rajiv.
119. Darjeeling grows tea.
(a) Tea grows in Darjeeling. (b) Words were choose with care by Rajiv.
(b) Tea is grown in Darjeeling. (c) Words were choose with care by Rajiv.
(c) Let the tea be grown in Darjeeling. (d) Words were choosen with care by
(d) Tea is being grown in Darjeeling. Rajiv.
120. Rain disrupted the last day’s play between 126. They have proved all his calculations
India and Sri Lanka. wrong.
(a) The last day’s play of India and Sri (a) All his calculations has been proved
Lanka was disrupted by rain. wrong.
(b) India and Sri Lanka’s play of the last (b) All his calculations had been proved
day was disrupted by rain. wrong.
(c) The last day’s play between India and (c) All his calculations have proved wrong.
Sri Lanka was disrupted by rain. (d) All his calculations have been proved
(d) The last day’s play between India and wrong.
Sri Lanka were disrupted by rain.
127. No one has climbed this mountain before.
121. Has somebody broken the window?
(a) This mountain hasn’t been climbed
(a) Have the window been broken?
before.
(b) Had the window been broken by
somebody? (b) This mountain been climbed before.
(c) Has the window been broken by (c) This mountain wasn’t being climbed
somebody? before.
(d) Has been the window broken? (d) This mountain hasn’t climbed before.
128. Did you grow these vegetables in your own 133. Do you expect your parents to come from
garden? Hyderabad today ?
(a) Were these vegetables grow in your (a) Did your parents come today from
own garden? Hyderabad ?
(b) Were these vegetables grown in your (b) Were your parents expected to come
own garden? from Hyderabad today
(c) Had these vegetables grown in your (c) Are your parents expected to come
today from Hyderabad?
own garden?
(d) Do your parents are expected to come
(d) These vegetables grown in your own today from Hyderabad ?
garden?
134. A fortnight after he was convicted
129. They answered me most rudely in the shop. classmate, Delhi High Court sentenced him
(a) I was most rude answered in the shop. to death on Monday.
(b) I most rudely answered in the shop. (a) A fortnight after he had been convicted
(c) I was most rudely answered in the shop. for the rape and murder of his classmate
he had been sentenced to death by the
(d) I was most rudely answer in the shop. Delhi High Court on Monday.
130. They rejected his proposal and laughed at (b) A fortnight after he was convicted for
him. the rape and murder of his classmate
(a) His proposal rejected and he was he has been sentenced to death by the
laughed at. Delhi High Court on Monday.
(b) His proposal was rejected and he (c) A fortnight after he was convicted for
laughed at. the rape and murder of his classmate
(c) His proposal had been rejected and he he was sentenced to death by the Delhi
was laughed at. High Court on Monday.
(d) His proposal was rejected and he was (d) A fortnight after he has been convicted
laughed at. for the rape and murder of his classmate
131. You must understand clearly that this is he was sentenced to death by the Delhi
the last time I shall allow it. High Court on Monday.l
(a) It must be understand clearly by you that
135. You can not expect children to understand
this is the last time it will be allowed by
me. these problems.
(b) It must understood clearly by you that (a) The children can be expected to
this is the last time it will be allowed understand these problems.
by me. (b) The children couldn’t be expected to
(c) It must be understood clearly by you understand these problems.
that this is the last time it will be (c) The children may be expected to
allowed by me. understand these problems.
(d) It must have been understood clearly
(d) The children cannot be expected to
by you that his is the last time it will
understand these problems.
be allowed by me.
132. Why did your father refuse to give the 136. You might have heard the name of
money to you? Gandhijee.
(a) Why was your father refused money to (a) The name of Gandhijee
you? (b) The name of Gandhijee might have
(b) Why was the money not given to you been heard by you
by your father ? (c) The name of Gandhijee might have
(c) Why was the money refused to be given been heard should you.
to you by your father ?
(d) The name of Gandhijee have been
(d) Why the money was refused to be given heard by you.
to your father ?
137. Rain disrupted the last day's play between 142. I would advise you not to get on the wrong
India and Sri Lanka. side of your boss.
(a) The last day's play of India and Sri (a) It would be advised by me not to get
Lanka was disrupted by rain. on the wrong side of your boss
(b) India and Sri Lanka's play of the last (b) It would be my advice not to get on
day was disrupted by rain. the wrong side of your boss.
(c) The last day's play between India and (c) You would be advised by me not to
Sri Lanka was disrupted by rain. get on the wrong side of your boss.
(d) The last day's play between India and (d) My advice to you would be not to get
Sri Lanka were disrupted by rain. on the wrong side of your boss.
138. He was arrested on a charge of theft, but 143. Physically challenged people should not be
laughed at by the public.
for lack of evidence he was released.
(a) Physically challenged people should not
(a) He was arrested on a charge of theif,
laugh at the public.
but was released for lack of evidence.
(b) The public will not be laughing at
physically challenged people.
(b) The police arrested him on a charge of
(c) The public shall not be laughing at
theft, but for lack of evidence he was
physically challenged people.
released.
(d) The public should not laugh at
(c) the police arrested him on a charge of physically challenged people.
theft, but for lack of evidence released
144. They say he can teach almost anything in
him.
this world.
(d) none of these (a) It is said that almost anything in this
139. They first sun-dried the garbage for one to world can be taught by him
three days to bring down the moisture level. (b) It was said that almost anything could
(a) The moisture level was brought down be taught by him.
by sun-drying the garbage for one to (c) They say almost anything could be
three days. taught by him.
(b) One to three days of sun-drying brought (d) They say anything almost will be taught
down the moisture level of the garbage. by him.
(c) The moisture level of the garbage came 145. The boys were digging a hole in the
down when it was sun-dried for to three ground.
days.
(a) A hole had been dug in the ground by
(d) The garbage was first sundried for one
to three days to bring down the moisture the boys
level. (b) In the ground the boys dug a hole.
140. It is your duty to make tea at eleven (c) A hole in the ground has been dug by
O'clock. the boys.
(a) You are asked to make tea at eleven (d) A hole was being dug by the boys in
O'clock. the ground.
(b) Your are required to make tea at eleven 146. Didn't they tell you to be here by six
O'clock. O'clock?
(c) You are supposed to make tea at eleven (a) Weren't you told to be here by six
O'clock.
O'clock?
(d) Tea is to be made by you at eleven
O'clock. (b) Haven't they told you to be here by six
141. The rose smells sweet. O'clock ?
(a) The rose is sweet when it is smelt. (c) You were expected to be here by six
(b) The rose was sweet when it is smelt. O'clock ?
(c) The rose is sweet when it was smelt. (d) They expected you to be here by six
(d) The rose is sweeter when (it is) smelt. O'clock ?
147. They will have completed the work by the (d) This sky-scraper will have to be pulled
time we get there. down as the town planning regulations
(a) The work will be completed by the time have not been complied.
we get there. 149. The Minister had already informed his
(b) The work will have been completed by Cabinet about his decision.
the time we get there. (a) His Cabinet was already informed
(c) The work will have completed by the about the Minister's decision
time we get there. (b) His Cabinet has already informed the
(d) The work will have been completed by Minister about his decision.
the time we have got there. (c) His Cabinet had already been informed
148. You will have to pull down this sky-scraper about his decision by the Minister
as you have not complied with the town
(d) His Cabinet will have already been
planning regulations.
informed about the Minister's decision
(a) This sky-scraper will have to be pulled
150. They are going to perform "Hamlet".
down as the town planing regulations
have not been complied with. (a) "Hamlet" is going to be perfomed by
(b) This sky- scrape will have to be pulled them.
down by you as the town planning
regualtions have not been complied by (b) "Hamlet" is going to perform by them
you. (c) "Hamlet" is to perform
(c) This sky-scraper will be pulled down
(d) "Hamlet" has to be performed
as the town planing regulation have not
been complied with.

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (b)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (a)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (a) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (c) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (a) 49. (c) 50. (d)
51. (b) 52. (c) 53. (d) 54. (a) 55. (b) 56. (d) 57. (a) 58. (d) 59. (c) 60. (d)
61. (b) 62. (c) 63. (c) 64. (a) 65. (c) 66. (d) 67. (d) 68. (a) 69. (d) 70. (b)
71. (b) 72. (a) 73. (a) 74. (b) 75. (c) 76. (d) 77. (a) 78. (b) 79. (d) 80. (c)
81. (a) 82. (b) 83. (c) 84. (d) 85. (a) 86. (c) 87. (c) 88. (a) 89. (c) 90. (b)
91. (b) 92. (a) 93. (a) 94. (d) 95. (b) 96. (a) 97. (b) 98. (b) 99. (d) 100. (c)
101. (d) 102. (a) 103. (b) 104. (c) 105. (d) 106. (b) 107. (b) 108. (b) 109. (d) 110. (c)
111. (c) 112. (c) 113. (d) 114. (c) 115. (d) 116. (a) 117. (b) 118. (c) 119. (b) 120. (c)
121. (c) 122. (b) 123. (c) 124. (c) 125. (d) 126. (d) 127. (a) 128. (b) 129. (c) 130. (d)
131. (c) 132. (c) 133. (c) 134. (c) 135. (d) 136. (b) 137. (c) 138. (c) 139. (d) 140. (c)
141. (a) 142. (c) 143. (d) 144. (a) 145. (d) 146. (a) 147. (b) 148. (c) 149. (c) 150. (a)
 MODAL AUXILIARIES
(Shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, 3. She can lend you some money if she likes.
might, must, ought, need) 4. Can you hear what the teacher is saying?
Study the following sentences : 5. The principal can grant you concession in
1. I shall be forty on July 10, 1977. fees.
2. The train will leave at five in the evening. (b) permission
3. I can solve this question.
1. You can sit on this lawn.
4. It may ran today.
5. We must obey the law. 2. We can leave out office after 5 o'clock.
6. He daren't challange the authority. 3. You can borrow two books on your library
7. You ought to do your homework daily. ticket.
8. John needn't worry about admission. 4. We cannot park our cars here.
................ shall, will, can, 5. You cannot smoke in cinema halls.
may, must, dare, ought, need Full verbs Cannot prohibition
mode
Full Verb Modal
Auxiliaries Modal Auxilaries
Primary Could
Auxiliaries
(a) ability, capacity or power in the past.
1. Primary Auxiliaries Modal 1. My son could speak English when he was
Auxiliaries not Negative only six years old.
2. My friend could not send me any letter,
I shall not come if it rains. last month.
He will not do it again.
3. Her father could not send here any money
I cannot solve this question.
last month.
He may not come today.
4. We could not see them off at the station.
Modal
Auxiliaries not negative (b) polite request in the present.
1. Could you lend me this book for a day?
'Students must not pick flowers in the 2. Could I see you in the evening?
park' Obligation negative
3. Could you tell me the way to the station?
prohibition Modal
need Affirmative Sentences
May

MODAL AUXILIARIES (a) to give or to take permission.

Can 1. May I come in?
2. May we sit on the lawn?
(a) ability, capacity or power 3. May I see these photographs?
1. My brother can drive a car.
4. You may go now.
2. He is so old that he cannot walk without a
stick. 5. He may take these books.
(b) possibility or probability. Will second third person
1. The news may be false. pure future first person
determination, intention, willingness
2. The train may be late.
primose
3. It may rain today.
4. He may be angry.
5. The principal may not grant him leave. Would
(c) Wish
1. May God help you! (a) past tense of will.
2. May he live long! 1. He told me that he would help me.
2. The difficulty was that he would not agree
Might to my proposal.
(a) remote possibility 3. I promised my teacher that I would never
1. Radha is very weak. She might fail. do that again.
2. You have teased him, he might complain to Reporting Verb Principal clause
the Principal. Verb, Past Tense Reported Speed
3. The sky is clear now, but it might rain in will Past Tense would
the evening.
(b) Permission, possibility in the past (b) polite request in the present.
1. He told me that I might use his bicycle. 1. Would you please read the report?
2. I thought that he might back out. 2. Would you pass the tea-post?
3. The teacher said that we might go and see 3. Would you mind getting me a ticket?
the match. (c) frequent activities and happenings in the past.
4. The principal told us that he might see our 1. On Saturdays I would run home as early as
homework any day. possible.
Will 2. I would go to the pictures on some
weekends.
(a) pure future. 3. Sometimes our teacher would get angry and
would not teach us.
1. Mr. Masood will be fifty on his next
birthday.
2. The weather will be warm and dry Shall
tomorrow.
3. Our principal will retire on June 30. (a) pure future.
(b) determination 1. I shall reach Lucknow in the morning by
1. I will contest the election even if I don't get this train.
the party ticket. 2. We shall celebrate Independence Day on
2. We will fight injustice. 15th August.
3. I will find out the truth. 3. We shall find the doctor in the hospital.
(c) intention, willingness or promise Shall first person pure
future
1. We will go to Mussoorie in the summer
vacation. (b) promise
2. I will help you as much as I can. 1. You shall get sweets on Children's Day.
3. I will vacate your house within a month. 2. You shall get yours answerbooks back
tomorrow.
4. Will you accept this salary?
3. He shall be given a prize for his bravery. 4. Everyone must love his motherland.
Shall second third person (b) assumption or conclusion
promise 1. The Principal must be in his office at this
1. You shall get sweets on Children's Day. time.
2. You shall get yours answerbooks back 2. Mr. Ranjeet Singh must be a good surgeon.
tomorrow. 3. She must be twenty now.
(c) Order or threat 4. They must be in danger.
1. You shall not enter my room again. (c) prohibition
2. He shall clean the room 1. You must not look into my papers in my
3. He shall be punished for his misconduct. absence.
Second third shall 2. They must not play on the lawn.
order threat 3. He must not leave the office without
permission.
Should 4. You must not write your name anywhere
(a) past tense of shall on the answersheet.
1. I said, "I shall reach Delhi in the morning
by this train." Need
I said that I should reach Delhi in the Modal Auxiliary
morning by this train. Negative Interrogative Sentences
2. I said, "We shall be late if we miss the first necessity compulsion
bus."
I said that we should be late if we miss the 1. You needn't worry about him.
first bus. 2. She needn't go to a doctor.
Reporting Verb Subject First Person 3. Need he contact you every day ?
Reporting Verb Past Tense should 4. Need I tell him again ?
shall Past Tense
(b) advice or suggestion
Ought
1. You should do your homework regularly.
2. He should see the doctor at once.
(a)moral obligation
3. They should not play in the sun.
1. We ought to do our duty honestly.
4. When should we meet him?
2. You ought to pay your fee in time.
(c) duty or moral obligation
3. He ought to have told me this earlier.
1. We should help the poor.
4. We ought not to deceive any one.
2. You should respect your teachers.
(b)belief based on study.
3. We should not tell lies.
1. He ought to be present there.
4. We should obey our parents.
2. Mr. Verma has taught English for a number
of years.
Must 3. He ought to be a good teacher of English.
Ought Subject Obligation duty
(a) necessity or obligation speaker's
1. I must finish this work before Sunday. authority outside authority
Speaker subject
2. You must reach there before dawn.
Subject Duty
3. We must defend our borders.
 EXERCISE 2
repeated or habitual action in the past Fill in the blanks with may/can/must or must not
and complete the sentences.
used (to) 1. Dr. Yadava is praised by everyone. He ..........
be a good doctor.
used to 2. This box is not very heavy. You .................
used to lift it.
used to
3. He has lived in France for over five years.
He ........... speak French fluently.
1. I used to play cricket when I was young. (I
4. Our examination is drawing near. We ...........
don't play cricket now.)
work hard.
2. My grandmother used to tell me stories at
5. You should take an umbrella when you go
night.
out. It ............... rain.
3. My elder brother used to tease me when I
6. He ............... enter my room in my absence.
was very young.
I don't trust him.
7. ................. I come in?
EXERCISE 1 8. These seats are reserved for guests. You
Fill in the blanks with modal auxiliaries will/ ................ sit there.
shall in the following sentences. Study the
9. .................. we smoke in your room?
examples.
10. ............... I go to school tomorrow ? It is
Examples :
Sunday tomorrow.
I. I am eighteen. Next year I.......... be nineteen.
Answer : I am eighteen. Next year I shall be
nineteen. EXERCISE 3
II. It is 9 o'clock. After an hour he ................. Fill in the blanks in each of the following
be in the school. sentences with can/should/would/could/might/
Answer : It is 9 o'clock. After an hour he will be ought or needn't.
in the school. 1. We ............. get up early in the morning.
1. Mr. John is very kind. He ........... help you. 2. The sky is clear now, but it ................ rain
2. I have to write some important letters. I in the evening.
.......... write them today. 3. He promised me that he .....................
3. You have a bad cold. You .......... not go for preside over our function.
the picnic. 4. .................. you switch the light off ?
4. My friend ........... arrive at 9 o'clock by the
5. You are quite well now. You ............. go to
Mumbai Mail.
hospital.
5. His parents are going to Shimla. He .............
go with them. 6. My father is awfully busy these days. But
he .................... find some time for you.
6. You ........... get a good present on your next
birthday. 7. We ............... to do our duty.
7. We ............. work hard and finish the work 8. The farmers .............. get up early in the
in time. morning so that they ................ plough their
8. He .............. not leave office before typing fields before sun-rise.
all the letters. 9. ................. I remind him of the function ?
9. Mr. Anand is the fee clerk. He .......... receive 10. ................ you mind distributing the question
your fee. papers to the students?
10. I ............. go to Agra next week. I bring
your books from there.
 NARRATION
Look at the two sentences. (e) Reported part
"Where Can I get this book?" the boy That
asked his teacher. conjunction
"You can get it from the School Co- Report
operative Book-stall," the teacher said. Indirect or Reported
Speech
Indirect or Reported Speech

a. Direct Speech : He said, "I like this song."

Quotation mark " "
Indirect Speech : He said that he liked that
Direct Speech song.
Indirect Speech Direct
Speech demonstrative this that
(Conversation)
b. Direct Speech : He said, "I shall give you
The boy asked his teacher where he could this book tomorrow."
get that book.
Indirect Speech : He said that he would give
The teacher said that he could get it from that book the next day.
the School Co-operative Book-stall. Direct Speech adverbial (time)
tomorrow the next day

grammatical changes c. Direct Speech : He said, "I shall leave

these papers here."
Indirect Speech : He said that he would
(a) Quotation Marks " " leave those papers there.
Direct Speech adverbial (place)
(b) here Indirect Speech there

"Where can I get this book" Where Reporting

he could get that book "You can get it Verb (Past Tense)
from the School Co-operative Book-stall" indirectly
"that he could get it from the School Co-
operative Book-stall" clauses (a) Spoken part Past
Tense form
(c) Personal Pronouns (b) Spoken part Personal pronouns
Reported Speech reporting person
I he
(c) Spoken part demonstratives
(d) Direct Speech Verb adverbial of time and place
tense can Reporting
could person
 Note : reporting Present Continuous Past continuous
time
place adverbials c. Direct : He said, "I have seen the Taj."
Indirect : He said that he had seen the Taj.
Direct Speech : He said to me this morning, Present Perfect Past Perfect
"I shall see you here this
evening."
Direct : He said, "The boy has been
Indirect Speech : He told me this morning that working very hard."
he would see me here this
Indirect : He said that the boy had been
evening.
working very hard.
(d) Direct sentence clause
Present Perfect continuous Past
reporting verb
Perfect continuous
object
Direct : He said, "We heard the news
yesterday."
Sequence of Tense in Indirect Speech Indirect : He said that he had heard the news
Direct speech reporting verb Past the day before.
tense (said, stated, asked, replied, etc.) Simple past Past Perfect

Direct : The teacher said, "Gandhiji died

in January 1948."
Indirect : The teacher said that Gandhiji died
in January 1948.
Past tense report
Spoken sentence

tense
a. Direct : He said, "I don't eat eggs."
Indirect : He said that he didn't eat eggs. Direct : He said, "When the game began,
b. Direct : He said, "My father likes the it started raining."
company of children." Indirect : He said that when the game began
Indirect : He said that his father liked the it started raining.
company of children. Spoken sentence
Direct Speech Present Simple
Indirect Speech Past Simple (tense)
exception
Direct : He said, "We said, "We had
a. Direct : The teacher said, "The earth locked the door."
rotates on its own axis." Indirect : He said that they had locked the
Indirect : The teacher said that the earth door.
rotates on its own axis. Spoken sentence Past Perfect
Tense (tense form)
report
tense Direct : He said, "We were waiting for an
hour."
b. Direct : He said, "I am working hard for Indirect : He said that they had been
the examination." waiting for an hour.
Indirect : He said that he was working hard Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect
for the examination. Continuous Tense
Direct : He said, "Ram will see you again." to night that night
Indirect : He said that Ram would see him last week the previous week
again. tomorrow the next day
Direct : He said, "I shall pay back the yesterday the previous day, the day before
money in a month."
ago before, earlier
Indirect : He said that he would pay back
next week the following week
the money in a month.
Future time
Past Tense form Reporting of Commands
Direct : He said, "I can do it myself." Direct : Mr. Menon said to Mohan, "Put
Indirect : He said that he could do it himself. this book on my table."
Indirect : Mr. Menon asked Mohan to put
Direct : He said, "The boys may go away."
that book on his table.
Indirect : He said that the boys might go
away. Direct : The clerk said to the manager,
"Please give me leave for a day."
Modal Auxiliaries Past Tense
form Indirect : The clerk requested the manager
to give him leave for a day.
EXERCISE 1 Direct : The captain said to the soldiers,
Rewrite the following sentences using Indirect "Go forward."
Speech. Indirect : The captain commanded (or
1. The porter said, "The Bombay Mail is ordered) the soldiers to go
running late by forty minutes." forward.
2. The doctor said to me, "The condition of Direct : The doctor said to the patient,
your father is serious." "Take the medicine regulary for
3. The shop-keeper said, "The shop closes of three days."
9 pm." Indirect : The doctor advised the patient to
4. The students said, "Our Board examination take the medicine regularly for
will begin from March 18." three days.
5. Anil said to his teacher, "Satish has topped
the list of successful candidates this year." Commands (order, request, command, advice
6. The fruit-seller said, "These mangoes are etc.) spoken sentences
selling at three rupees a kilo."
7. The clerk said to the headmaster, "Mr. Verma spoken sentence verb indirect speech
has been ill for the last three days." to+verb phrase
"Go forward" "to go forward"
8. Meera said to her mother, "I visited my uncle
yesterday."
9. The host said, "The guests are expected at Indirect Speech
8 pm for the dinner. said asked, requested,
commanded, adviced etc. command
10. You said to me, "I will give a book."
nature The
spoken sentence indirect captain said to the solders to go forward
demonstratives, adverbials of time and
place
Negative commands Indirect Speech

this that
Direct : The teacher said to the boys,
these those "Don't write on both sides of your
here there answer sheets."
now then
today that day
Indirect : The Teacher asked the boys not 9. Don't tell me lies.
to write on both sides of their 10. Don't smoke.
answer sheets.
Reporting of Questions
Direct : The captain said to the soldiers,
(a) Yes or No questions :
"Don't let the enemy pass."
Direct : The doctor asked the young man,
Indirect : The captain ordered his men not
"Do you smoke?"
to let the enemy pass.
Indirect : The doctor asked the young man
whether (or if) he smoked.
EXERCISE 2
Direct : "Is this the way to Sangam.?" The
A. Suppose these commands were given to you. pilgrim asked the policeman.
Supply the speaker and report these Commands
Indirect : The pilgrim asked the police man
using the reporting verb given against each.
whether (or if) that was the way
Examples : to Sangam.
1. Clean the table. (asked) Question Whether or If
She asked me to clean the table. clause
2. Come again. (told) question mark
He told me to come again.
1. Wash your hands. (advised) EXERCISE 4
2. Have a cup of tea. (asked) A. Supply the speakers and report these questions.
3. Come again (requested) Examples :
4. Stop the noise. (ordered) 1. Are you tired?
Mohan asked me if I was tired.
5. Buy yourself a new pen. (advised)
2. Will you come on Monday?
6. Write neatly. (told)
My friend asked me whether I would go on
7. Lift this box for me, please. (requested)
Monday.
8. Keep the ring carefully. (advised)
1. Do you know her address?
9. Learn this open by heart. (asked)
2. Don't you ever go for a swim?
10. Be quiet. (told)
3. Haven't you finished that story yet ?
4. Have you ever been to Bombay ?
EXERCISE 3
5. Isn't Sheela your sister ?
B. Put the following negative commands into
6. Didn't you eat your breakfast?
Reported Speech. Supply the Speakers. Here are
some examples : 7. Are you a vegetarian ?
Examples : 8. Hasn't your father gone on tour ?
1. Don't eat with dirty hands. 9. Won't you have dinner with us ?
2. Don't shut the door. 10. Was he absent today ?
I asked you not to shut the door.
1. Don't put off the lights. (b) Question – Word questions :
2. Don't leave the tap running Direct : The boys asked the teacher, "Who
is going to preside over the
3. Don't read in the dim light.
function?"
4. Don't go out in rain.
Indirect : The boys asked the teacher who
5. Don't pick those flowers. was going to preside over the
6. Don't sit there. function.
7. Don't open the window. Direct : The policeman asked the man,
8. Don't give him your exercise book. "Where do you wish to go ?"
Indirect : The policeman asked the man 5. He asked my servant if .................... .
where he wished to go. 6. ................. when the next train left.
Direct : Mr. Das asked his wife why is the 7. ............... where his house was.
child crying.
8. ................. whether I had done my
Indirect : Mr. Das asked his wife why the homework.
child was crying.
9. We want to know why .................... .
question-word
10. They asked us whether .................. .
question indirect speech
question question-word
clause EXERCISE 6
question pattern statement pattern Rewrite the following sentences using Indirect
Speech.
1. "I should advise you to join B. Com." the
EXERCISE 5 teacher said to the boy.
A. Supply the speakers and report these questions. 2. "Living costs are very high in the city," Mr.
Study the examples : Das said to his friend.
Examples : 3. "You should not speak for both sides," the
1. What is your brother's name ? teacher said to the boys.
Mr. Roy asked me what my brother's name 4. "We had a nice holiday last summer," Leela
was. told her teacher.
2. Who broke my pen ? 5. "You may use my car for the picnic," Mr.
Father asked me who had broken his pen. Sohan told his son.
1. How old are you ? 6. "Post these letters today," the manager said
2. Where do you live ? to the clerk.
3. How is your mother ? 7. "Don't take the trouble of coming all the
4. What are your plans for the vacation ? way," I said to the boy.
5. When is your birthday ? 8. "Let's go to a movie," Mohan said to his
friend Ashok.
6. When will Mr. Roy be free ?
9. "Taste this sweet and tell me how it is,"
7. Who cleans your shoes ?
Mrs. Ram said to her daughter.
8. Who is coming to dance tonight ?
10. "Don't walk on the flower beds," Mrs. Das
9. Why did you use my pen ? said to the children.
10. Why don't you study hard ? 11. "Do you want a fountain pen or a ball-point
pen ?" the shopkeeper asked the boy.
(b) Complete these reported questions. Study the 12. "Can you answer this question ?" the teacher
examples first : asked Ashok.
Examples : 13. "Who is going to lead the team ?" the boys
1. .......... who my friend was. asked. The cinema.
He asked me who my friend was. 14. "When does the train leave ?" the man
2. They inquired why ........... They inquired enquired.
why she did not come. 15. "How many planets are there in the solar
system ?" the Inspector asked the class.
3. Hari asked him if ................
16. "Whose painting is this ?" the visitor asked
Hari asked him if he knew the way.
the guide.
1. .............. where I had studied.
17. "Please excuse me this time," the boy said
2. ........... whose book that was. to his father.
3. I asked him why ................... . 18. "The Gita says," Do your duty.
4. She inquired how ................ .
 DIRECT / INDIRECT
Directions (1-150) : In the following questions, 4. The son said to his father reverently, “Do
a sentence has been given in Direct/Indirect you expect me to have ever done this sort of
speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested, mean thing?”
select the one which best expresses the same (a) The son asked his father respectfully if
sentence in Indirect/Direct speech. he had expected him to have ever done
1. “Neither a borrower, nor a lender be,” said that sort of mean thing.
the father to son. (b) The son asked his father respectfully if
(a) The father advised his son neither to be he was expected him to have ever done
a borrower, nor to be a lender that sort to mean thing.
(b) The father advised his son neither to be (c) The son had asked his father
a borrower, nor to a lender. respectfully if he expected him have
(c) The father advised his son neither be ever done that sort of men thing.
borrower, nor be a lender. (d) The son asked his father respectfully if
(d) The father advised his son neither be a he expected him to have ever done
borrower, nor a lender. that sort of a men thing.
2. “And remember always that true education 5. “Don’t hang upon me, young man, I do not
means the training of the mind,” said the like flatters,” said the officer to his secretary.
Vice-Chancellor addressing students. (a) Addressing the secretary as young man, the
(a) Addressing the new graduates the Vice- officer advised him not to hang upon him,
Chancellor exhorted them to remember as he (the officer) didn’t like flatterers.
always that true education means the (b) Addressing the secretary young man, the
training of the mind. officer advised him to hang upon him, as
(b) Addressing the new graduates the Vice- he (the officer) didn’t like flatterers.
Chancellor exhorted them to remember (c) Addressing the secretary as young man,
always that a true education means the the officer advised him to hang upon him,
training of the mind. as he (the officer) didn’t like flatterers.
(c) Addressing the new graduates the Vice- (d) Addressing the secretary as young man,
Chancellor had exhorted them to the officer forbade him not to hang upon
remember always that true education him as he (the office) didn’t like flatterers.
means the training of the mind. 6. He said, “Hari has been giving us very good
(d) Addressing the new graduates the Vice- milk.”
Chancellor exhorted them to remember (a) He said that Hari had been giving them
always that true education has means the very good milk.
training of the mind. (b) He said that Hari has been giving them
3. The teacher said to his students “Ever in your very good milk.
life and conversation prove worthy of your (c) He said that Hari had giving them very
glorious Alma Mater.” good milk.
(a) The teacher exhorted his students, ever (d) He said that Hari had given them very
in their life and conversation, prove good milk.
worthy of their glorious Alma Mater. 7. He said, “Has Ramesh spent all the money?”
(b) The teacher exhorted his students, that ever (a) He wanted to know if Ramesh has spent
in their life and conversation, to prove all the money.
worthy of their glorious Alma Mater. (b) He wanted to know (or, enquired) if
(c) The teacher exhorted his students, ever Ramesh had spent all the money.
in their life and conversation, to prove (c) He wanted know if Ramesh had spent all
worthy of their glorious Alma Mater. the money.
(d) The teacher had exhorted his students, (d) He wanted to know that Ramesh had
ever in their and conversation, to prove spent all the money.
worthy of their glorious Alma Mater.
 8. “What a beautiful view!” My friend said, 14. The robber said to Alexander “I am thy captive,
(a) My friend exclaimed that it is a very I must hear what thou art pleased to say and
beautiful view. endure what thou art pleased to inflict.”
(b) My friend exclaimed if it was a very (a) The robber told Alexander that he is
beautiful view. his captive and that he must hear what
he (Alexander) was pleased to say and
(c) My friend exclaimd whether it was very that he must under what he was pleased
beautiful view. to inflict.
(d) My friend exclaimed that it was a very (b) The robber told to Alexander that he
beautiful view. was his captive and that he must hear
9. He said, “Good-bye, my friend.” what he (Alexander) was pleased to say
(a) He bade good-bye, my friend. and that he must endure what he was
(b) He said good-bye his friend. pleased to inflict.
(c) The robber told Alexander that he was
(c) He said good-bye for his friend
his captive and that he must hear what
(d) He said good bye to his friend he (Alexander) was pleased to say and
10. ‘Oh dear! I have lost my money, he said that he must endure what he was pleased
(a) He exclaimed that he has lost his to inflict.
money. (d) The robber told Alexander that he was
(b) He exclaimed that he had lost his his captive and that he must have heard
money. what he (Alexander) was pleased to say
(c) He exclaimed that he had been lost his and that he must endure what he was
pleased to inflict.
money.
15. The teacher became angry and said to the
(d) He exclaimed that he had lost their student, “Why have you disturbed the class
money. again? I have told you before that you
11. He said, I’ll come here again tomorrow. should be silent when I am speaking. Leave
(a) He said that he will go there again the the room and do not return again today.”
next day. (a) The teacher had become angry and asked
(b) He said that he should go there again the student why he had disturbed the
class again. He further said he had told
the next day. him before that he should be silent when
(c) He said that he would go there again he (teacher) was speaking. He ordered
tomorrow. him to leave the room and not to return
(d) He said that he would go there again again that day.
the next day. (b) The teacher became angry and had asked
12. He said, “Hello! Where are you going?” the student why he had disturbed the
class again. He further said he had told
(a) He greets me and asked me where I him before that he should be silent when
was going. he (teacher) was speaking. He ordered
(b) He greeted me and asks me where I him to leave the room, and not to return
was going. again that day.
(c) He greeted me and asked me where I (c) The teacher became angry and asked the
was going. student why he had disturbed the class
(d) He greeted me and asked me where I again. He further said he has told him
before that he should be silent when he
was going.
(teacher) was speaking. He ordered him
13. He said, “Do you like it?” She said, “Yes”. to leave the room and not to return again
(a) He asked her if she liked it and she that day.
said that she does. (d) The teacher became angry and asked the
(b) He asked her if she liked it and she student why he had disturbed the class
said that she did. again. He further said he had told him
before that he should be silent when he
(c) H asked her if she liked it and she said
(teacher) was speaking. He ordered him
that she could. to leave the room and not to return again
(d) He asked her if she liked it and she that day.
said that she had done.
16. ‘What a nice man Mr. Prasad is!’ one of (c) Prospero asked (her) whether she could
the guests at the party said. remember a time before she had come
(a) One of the guests at the party remarked to that cell. He further added that he
with appreciation that Mr. Prasad is a thought she could not, for she was not
very nice man. then three years of age.
(b) One of the guests at the party remarked (d) Prospero asked her whether she could
with appreciation that Mr. Prasad had remember a time before she had come
been a very nice man. to that cell. He further added that he
(c) One of the guests at the party remarked thought she could not, for she is not
with appreciation that Mr. Prasad was then three years of age.
a very nice man. 20. She called out angrily, ‘So you have been
(d) One of the guests at the party remarked hitting Makhan again?’ Phatik answered
with appreciation that Mr. Prasad were indignantly, ‘No, I haven’t, who told you
a very nice man. that?’
17. She said, ‘I’ve lost my key. Can I borrow (a) She called out angrily and asked him
yours?’ that he had been hitting Makhan again.
(a) She said that she has lost her key and Phatik answered indignantly that he
asked me whether she could borrow hadn’t. He further asked her who told
mine. her that.
(b) She said that she had lost her key and (b) She called out angrily and asked him
asked me whether she could borrow whether he has been hitting Makhan
mine. again. Phatik answered indignantly that
(c) She said that she had been lost her key he hadn’t. He further asked her told
and asked me whether she could her that.
borrow mine. (c) She called out angrily and asked him
(d) She said that she were lost her key and whether he had hit Makhan again.
asked me whether she could borrow Phatik answered indignantly that he
mine. hadn’t. He further asked her told her
18. He said, “Will you come out with me?” that.
“No”, I said. (d) She called out angrily and asked him
(a) He asked me if I will go out with him whether he had been hitting Makhan
but I said I wouldn’t. again. Phatik answered indignantly that
(b) He asked me that I would go out with he hadn’t. He further asked her told
him but I said I wouldn’t. her that.
(c) He asked me if I would go out with 21. The teacher said to the boys, ‘Take back
him but I said I wouldn’t. your books.’
(d) He asked me if I should to out with
(a) The teacher asked the boys that take
him but I said I wouldn’t.
back their books.
19. Prospero said, “Can you remember at time
(b) The teacher asked the boys that take
before you came to this cell? I think you
back their books.
cannot, for you were not then three years
of age.” (c) The teacher asked the boys to take back
(a) Prospero asked her that she could their books.
remember a time before she had come (d) The teacher asked the boys to take back
to that cell. He further added that he his books.
thought she could not, for she was not 22. He said, ‘Pleas say anything about it.’
then three years of age. (a) He asked me tell anything about it.
(b) Prospero asked her whether she could (b) He asked me to telling anything about
remember a time before she had come it.
to that cell. He further added that he (c) He asked me to tell anything of it.
had thought she could not, for she was (d) He asked me to tell anything about it.
not then three years of age.
23. Don’t let anybody in, said the master to 29. Me welcomed us.
the servant. (a) He said us, " Most welcome!".
(a) The master ordered the servant not let (b) He said to, " welcome!".
anybody in.
(c) He said to us, " welcome!".
(b) The master ordered the servant to let
(d) He said to we , "welcome!".
anybody in.
(c) The master ordered the servant not to 30. She said, " How clever I am!"
let anybody in. (a) She said that the is very clever.
(d) The master ordered the servant let (b) She exclaimed that I am very clever.
anybody in. (c) She exclaimed that she is very clever.
24. ‘What a terrible storm it is!’ He said (d) She exclaimed that she was very clever.
(a) He exclaimed that it was very terrible 31. 'Dear bird', she said, stroking its feathers,
storm. 'have you come to confort me in my
(b) He exclaimed that it was a very terrible sorrow?"
storm. (a) Spoking the brid's feathers, she asked
(c) He exclaimed that it is very terrible sadly whether it had come to comfort
storm. her in her sorrow.
(d) He exclaimed that it had been very (b) Spoking the bird's feathers, she
terrible storm. exclaimed it had come to comfort her
25. He said, ‘What a lovely garden!’ in her sorrow.
(a) He remarked what a lovely garden it (c) Spoking the bird's feathers she asked
was. affectionately whether it had come to
(b) He remarked what a lovely garden it comfort her in her sorrow.
is. (d) Spoking the bird's feathers, she said
(c) H remarked that a lovely garden it was. that whether it had comfort her in her
(d) He remarked whether a lovely garden sorrow.
it was. 32. Rajeev told her that he had been teaching
26. He said, " Alas! I am ruined". her lover for years.
(a) He exclaimed that he was ruined. (a) Rajeev said to, her, "I have taught your
(b) He exclaimed with sorrow that she was lover for years."
ruined. (b) Rajeev said to her, "I, have been
(c) He exclaimed that he had ruined. teaching yours lover for years."
(d) He exclaimed that he has ruined. (c) Rajeev said to her, "I am teaching your
27. The girl said, "what a place!" lover for years".
(a) The girl said that it is very fine place. (d) Rajeev said to her, "he has taught his
(b) The girls exclaimed that it was very lover for years."
fine place. 33. He said, "Man is mortal".
(c) The girl exclaimed with joy that it was (a) He said that man is mortal.
very fine place.
(b) He said that men are mortal.
(d) The girl exclaimed with surprised that
(c) He said that men was mortal.
it is a very strange place.
(d) He said that man is being mortal.
28. He said to me, "have a cup of coffee".
(a) He told me to have a cup of coffee. 34. He shouted, "Let me go".
(b) He told me to had a cup of coffee. (a) He shouted to them to let him go.
(c) He told me if I had a cup of coffee. (b) He shouted to him to let's go.
(d) He told me that whether I have a cup (c) He shouted me to go.
of coffee. (d) Shouted do them to let's go.
35. He asked Rama to go with him. 42. The teacher said to the boys, "If you do
(a) He said to Rama, " go with me". your best you will surely pass.?
(b) He said to Rama, " go with him". (a) The tacher orderd the boys that if they
(c) He said to Rama, " come with me". do better they will surely pass.
(d) He said to Rama, " come with me". (b) The teacher told the boys that unless
36. He asked me if I would accompany him. they work hard they will not pass.
(a) He said to me, " He will accompany (c) The teacher asked the boys to work
me?" hard so that they can pass.
(b) He said to me, " will you accompany (d) The teacher told the boys that if they
me?" did their best they would surely pass.
(c) He said to me, " shall I accompany 43. I said to her, "which class do you read in."
him?" (a) I asked her in which class do you read.
(d) He said to me, " would you accompany (b) I asked her which class she read in
him?"
(c) I questioned her in which class she read
37. Prem said, " Sheela was dancing?.
(d) I told her which class she read.
(a) Prem said that sheela was being
44. She said to me, "shall I pass the
dancing.
examination."
(b) Prem said that sheela had dancing.
(a) She told me if she would pass the
(c) prem said that sheela had been dancing.
examination.
(d) Prem said that sheela was dancing.
(b) She asked me if she would pass the
38. She said, " let in rain."
examination.
(a) She wished that it should be rain.
(c) She told me whether she will pass the
(b) She wished that it should rain. examination.
(c) She wished that it will be rain.
(d) She asked me whether she will passed
(d) She wished that it would be rain. the examination.
39. My father said, "Nonsense!". 45. Have you anything to say on behalf of the
(a) My father exclaimed that it is prisoner? said the judge finally.
nonesense.
(a) The judge finally ordered if he (she)
(b) My father exclaimed that it was has anything to say on behalf of the
nonesense. prisoner.
(c) My father exclaimed that it would be (b) The judge finally asked if you have
nonesense.
(c) The judge finally urged whether we
(d) My father said to me nonesense.
(she) would have anything to say on
40. He said to her, "Go away." behalf of the prisoner.
(a) He asked her to go away. (d) The judge finally asked whether he
(b) He asked her to go away. (she) had anything to say on behalf of
(c) He ordered her that she should go away. the prisoner.
(d) He asked her to went off. 46. The captain said, “Well done!” my boys.”
41. He inquired whether his name was not (a) The captain shouted with applause that
salim. his boys have done well.
(a) He said to him, "Is your name not (b) The captain shouted with sorrow that
salim." his boys had done well.
(b) He said to him, "Is not your name (c) The captain shouted with applause that
salim." his boys had done well.
(c) He said to him, "Is not your name
(d) The captain shouted with disgust that
salim."
his boys had done well.
(d) He said to him, "Are you not salim."
47. She said, “How lovely the child is!” 52. He said, “I have often told you not to waste
(a) She exclaimed with joy that the child your time.”
was very lovely. (a) He said that he had often told not to
(b) She exclaimed with disgust that the waste your time.
child was very lovely. (b) He said that he had often told him not
(c) She exclaimed with joy that child is to waste his time.
very lovely. (c) He said that he had often suggested to
(d) She exclaims with joy that child is very him not to waste his time.
lovely.
(d) He told that he had often told him not
48. “We’ll wait for you if you’re late”, they to waste my time.
said.
53. Rajan said, “O that I were a child again!”
(a) They told me that they would wait for
him if I was late. (a) Rajan exclaimed with wonder that he
(b) They told me that they would wait for was a child again.
me if he was late. (b) Rajan wondered that were he a child
(c) They told me that they would wait for again.
him if he was late. (c) Rajan strongly wished that he had been
(d) They told me that they would wait for a child again.
me if I was late. (d) Rajan prayed that he were a child again.
49. He said to me, “Work hard if you want to 54. I said to my brother, “Let us go to some
pass.” hill station for a change.”
(a) He advised me work hard if I wanted (a) I asked my brother to go to some hill
to pass. station for a change.
(b) He ordered me to work hard if I wanted
(b) I asked my brother if he would go to
to pass.
some hill station for a change.
(c) He advised me to work hard if I wanted
to pass. (c) I permitted my brother to go to some
hill station for a change.
(d) He advised me to working hard if I
wanted to pass. (d) I suggested to my brother that we
50. Sarla said, “Alas! I have failed.” should go to some hill station for a
change.
(a) Sarla exclaimed for sorrow that she had
failed. 55. The Manager said, “Well, what can I do
(b) Sarla exclaimed with sorrow that she for you?”
had failed. (a) The Manager asked what he could do
(c) Sarla exclaimed by sorrrow that she had for him.
failed. (b) The Manager woundered what he could
(d) Sarla exclaimed with surprise that she do for him.
had failed. (c) The Manager wanted to know what he
51. Mary said to Robert, “Let him come, then could do for him.
we shall see.” (d) The Manager said that he couldn’t do
(a) Mary said to Robert that if he came, anything for him.
they would see him. 56. The police officer asked the villager, “Have
(b) Mary told Robert that they shall see you heard that there was a robbery in the
him if he came. village last night?”
(c) Mary told Robert that once he came, (a) The police officer asked the villager
they would see him. whether he has heard that there was a
(d) Mary told Robert that they would see robbery in the village the previous
him if he might come. night.
 (b) The police officer asked the villager 61. My cousin said, “My room-mate snored
that he had heard that there was a throughout the night.”
robbery in the village the previous (a) My cousin said that her room-mate had
night. snored throughout the night.
(c) The police officer asked the villager (b) My cousin told me that her room-mate
whether he heard that there was a
snored throughout the night.
robbery in the village the previous
night. (c) My cousin complained to me that her
room-mate is snoring throughout the
(d) The police officer asked the villager
whether he had heard that there was a night.
robbery in the village the previous (d) My cousin felt that her room-mate may
night. be snoring throughout the night.
57. “What did you eat last night?” said my 62. He asked his techer, “Do I need to read
mother. this chapter?”
(a) My mother asked what I had eaten the (a) He asked his teacher whether there was
previous night. a need to read that chapter.
(b) My mother asked what he ate the (b) He asked his teacher whether he needed
previous night. to read this chapter.
(c) My mother asked what I have eaten (c) He asked his teacher if it was necessary
the previous night. to read this chapter.
(d) My mother said what I ate the previous
(d) He asked his teacher if he had to read
night.
that chapter.
58. “Where do you propose to go tomorrow?”
said the employer to him. 63. He said, “What a beautiful scene!”
(a) The employer asked him where he (a) He said that what a beautiful scene it
proposed to go the following day. was.
(b) The employer asked that where he (b) He wondered that it was a beautiful
proposed to go the following day. scene.
(c) The employer asked him where he had (c) He exclaimed what a beautiful scene it
proposed to go the following day. was.
(d) The employer asked him where he has (d) He exclaimed that it was a very
proposed to go the following day. beautiful scene.
59. “Please be seated,” said the host to us. 64. He said, “I saw a book here.”
(a) The host requested to be seated. (a) He said that he saw a book here.
(b) The host requested us kindly to be
(b) He said that he saw a book there.
seated.
(c) He said that he had seen a book here.
(c) The host requested us to be seated.
(d) The host request to be seated. (d) He said that he had seen a book there.
60. “Do not go out in the sun.” said the teacher 65. He said to me, “What time do the offices
to the boys. close?”
(a) The teacher advised the boys to go out (a) He wanted to know what time the
in the sun. offices close.
(b) The teacher advised the boys not to go (b) He asked me what time did the offices
out in the sun. close.
(c) The teacher advised the boys not go (c) He asked me what time the offices
out in the sun. closed.
(d) The teacher advised the boys go out in (d) He asked me what time the offices did
the sun. close.
66. Mohan said, “Babar won the first battle of 72. She said, “I do not care for him.”
Panipat.” (a) She said that she does not care for him.
(a) Mohan said that Babar won the first (b) She said that she did not care for him.
battle of Panipat.
(c) She said that she did not cared for him.
(b) Mohan said that Babar had won the
(d) She said that she would not care for
first battle of Panipat.
him.
(c) Mohan said that Babar was won the
73. They said, “We trust in God.”
first battle of Panipat.
(a) They said that they trusted in God.
(d) Mohan said that Babar would have won
the first battle of Panipat. (b) They said that we trusted in God.
67. Sheela said, “Truth always triumphs.” (c) They said that they trusted into God.
(a) Sheela said that truth always triumphed. (d) They said that they had trusted in God.
(b) Sheela said that truth always triumphs. 74. I said to him, “You are always late.”
(c) Sheela said that truth always had (a) I told him that he is always late.
triumph. (b) I told him that you were always late.
(d) Sheela said that truth always has (c) I told him that he was always late.
triumph. (d) I told him that he was being always
68. He said, “Mohan can solve the sum.” late.
(a) He said that Mohan solve the sum. 75. Sheela said to us, “You must work hard.”
(b) He said that Mohan could sovled the (a) Sheela told us that we must be work
sum. hard.
(c) He said that Mohan could solve the (b) Sheela told us that we must work hard.
sum. (c) Sheela told us that we must be working
(d) He said that Mohan would solved the hard.
sum. (d) Sheela told us that we must have
69. She said, “It may happen.” worked hard.
(a) She said that it might be happen. 76. The traveller enquired of the farmer if he
(b) She said that it might have happen. could tell him the way to the nearest inn.
(c) She said that it might happened. (a) The traveller said to the farmer, “Where
is the nearest inn?”
(d) She said that it might happen.
(b) The traveller said to the farmer, “Which
70. I said, “I am happy in the village.”
is the way to the nearest inn?”
(a) I said that he was happy in the village.
(c) The traveller said to the farmer, “Can
(b) I said that she was not happy in the you tell me the way to the nearest inn?”
village.
(d) The traveller said to the farmer, “Can
(c) I said that I was happy in the village. you tell me where is the nearest inn?”
(d) I said that I am happy in the village. 77. The spectators said, “Bravo! well played,
71. You said. “We are learning our lesson.” Ravi.”
(a) You said that you were learning your (a) The spectators called Ravi bravo
lesson. because he had played well.
(b) You said that you are leaning your (b) The spectators said that Ravi played
lesson. well and applauded him.
(c) You said that you were learning our (c) The spectators encouraged Ravi saying
lesson. that he played well.
(d) You said that you had learnt your (d) The spectators applauded Ravi, saying
lesson. that he had played well.
78. “If you don’t keep quiet I shall shoot you,” 84. The boys said, “The teacher did not come.”
he said to her in a calm voice. (a) The boys said that the teacher has not
(a) He warned her to shoot if she didn’t come.
keep quiet calmly.
(b) The boys said that the teacher had not
(b) He said calmly that I shall shoot you if come.
you don’t be quiet.
(c) He warned her calmly that he would (c) The boys told that the teacher had not
shoot her if she didn’t keep quiet. come.
(d) Calmly he warned her that be quiet or (d) The boys said that the teacher had not
else he will have to shoot her. coming.
79. Rita says, “Kishore sang a song.” 85. My sister said to me, “I sent you the book.”
(a) Rita says that Kishore sings a song. (a) My sister told me that she had sent me
(b) Rita says that Kishore sang a song. the book.
(c) Rita says that Kishore had sang a song. (b) My sister told that she had sent me the
(d) Rita says that Kishore was sang a song. book.
80. He said, “Shall I ever forget her?” (c) My sister told me if she had sent me
(a) He wondered if he would ever forget the book.
her.
(d) My sister told me that she sent me the
(b) He wonders if he would ever forget
book.
her.
(c) He wondered that he would ever forget 86. He said, “Alas! I am undone.”
her. (a) He exclaimed that he was undone.
(d) He told that he would ever forget her. (b) He exclaimed for sorrow that he was
81. Kali will say, “Mira will swim in the river.” undone.
(a) Kali will say that Mira will swim in (c) He exclaimed with sorrow that he was
the river. undone.
(b) Kali will say that Mira would swim in
(d) He exclaimed with sorrow that he were
the river.
undone.
(c) Kali says that Mira will swim in the
river. 87. He said, “I am not to blame.”
(d) Kali will say Mira will swim in the (a) He said that he is not to blame.
river. (b) he said that I was not to blame.
82. Mohan said to this friend, “Let me go home (c) He said that you were not to blame.
now.”
(d) He said that he was not to blame.
(a) Mohan requested his friend let him go
home then. 88. You said to me, “Your may go.”
(b) Mohan requested his friend that he (a) You told me that I might go.
might be allowed to go home than. (b) You told me that he might go.
(c) Mohan requested his friend to go home. (c) You told me that she might go.
(d) Mohan told his friend to go him home.
(d) You told me that I might gone.
83. The washerman said, “It has been raining
since morning.” 89. Ram said to me, “Sita does not like meat.”
(a) The washerman said that it had been (a) Ram told me that Sita did not liking
raining since morning. meat.
(b) The washerman told that it had been (b) Ram told me that Sita had not liked
raining since morning. meat.
(c) The washerman said it had been raining (c) Ram told me that Sita did not like meat.
since morning.
(d) Ram said me that Sita did not like meat.
(d) The washerman said that it was raining
since morning.
90. I said to him, “He must not tell lies.” 98. She said to me, "Will you accompany me"?
(a) I told him that he must not tell lies. (a) She said whether I can accompany her.
(b) I told him that he should not tell lies. (b) She asked me if I would accompany
(c) I told him that he would not tell lies. her.
(d) I told him that he could not tell lies. (c) She said that I would accompany her.
91. Radha said, "I am well". (d) None of these
(a) Radha said that I am well. 99. Sohan said, "Rohan who has taken away
(b) Radha said that she is well. my bike?"
(c) Radha said that she was well. (a) Sohan asked Rohan if who had taken
away his(Sohan's) bike.
(d) None of these
(b) Sohan asked Rohan if who had taken
92. I said, "I will read".
away his bike.
(a) I said that I shall read.
(c) Sohan asked Rohan who had taken
(b) I said that I will read.
away his bike.
(c) I said that I would read.
(d) None of these
(d) None of these
100. "Wish you a happy journey, "said my friend
93. He said to me, "You are dishonest".
(a) My friend wished him a happy journey.
(a) He said to me that I am dishonest.
(b) My friend wished him a happy journey.
(b) He told me that I am dishonest.
(c) His friend wished me a happy journey.
(c) He told me that I was dishonest.
(d) None of these
(d) None of these
101. "Good morning, Sir", said Rahul to his
94. She said, "The earth goes round the Sun". teacher.
(a) She said that the earth went round the (a) Rahul respectfully wished his teacher
Sun. good morning.
(b) She said the earth goes round the Sun. (b) Rahul respectfully wishes his teacher
(c) She said that the earth goes round the good morning.
Sun. (c) Rahul respectfully had wished his
(d) None of these teacher good morning.
95. He said, "True friends are but few". (d) None of these
(a) He said that true friends were but few. 102. "This book is full of errors, "shouted Mr.
(b) He said that true friends are but few. Sharma.
(c) He said true friends are but few. (a) Mr. Sharma shouted that, that book was
(d) None of these full of errors.
96. "Have patience", I said to her. (b) Mr. Sharma shouted that, this book was
(a) I said that she should have patience. full of errors.
(b) I told her to have patience. (c) Mr. Sharma shouted that, that book is
full of errors.
(c) It said that she had patience.
(d) None of these
(d) None of these
103. "Alas!, "she said, "We have lost badly in
97. He replied, "I have promised to help them".
the match."
(a) he replied that he has promised to help
(a) She exclaimed with sorrow that they
them.
had lost badly in the match.
(b) He replied that he had promised to help
(b) She exclaimed with sorrow that they
them.
had lost bad in the match.
(c) He replied that he promised to help
(c) She exclaimed with sorrow that they
them.
lost badly in the match.
(d) None of these
(d) None of these
104. He said to me, “Let us go for a walk.” 110. She said, “My uncle came yesterday.”
(a) He proposed to me that we should go (a) She said that her uncle has come the
for a walk. previous day.
(b) he proposed to me that we should go (b) She said that his uncle had come the
walking. previous day.
(c) He proposed to me that we should gone (c) She said that her uncle had came the
for walking. previous day.
(d) He proposed to me that we should go. (d) She said that her uncle had come the
105. You said to me, “Let us play now.” previous day.
(a) You proposed to me that we could play 111. I said, “I bought the book last week.”
now.
(a) I said that I had bought the book the
(b) You proposed to me that we should previous week.
play now.
(b) I said that he had bought the book the
(c) You proposed me that we should play previous week.
now.
(c) I said that I had been bought the book
(d) You proposed to me that we should
the previous week.
have played now.
(d) I said that I have bought the book the
106. She said, “I am going now.”
previous week.
(a) She said that she was going then.
112. Mother said, “It will rain next month.”
(b) She said that he was going then.
(a) Mother said that it would rained the
(c) She said that she is going then.
following month.
(d) She said that she had gone then.
(b) Mother said that it would be raining
107. I said, “I know this man.” the following month.
(a) I said that you knew that man. (c) Mother said that it would rain the
(b) I said that he knew that man. following month.
(c) I said that I knew this man. (d) Mother said that would rain the
(d) I said that I knew that man. following month.
108. They said, “We are leaving to-night.” 113. She said, “I went to Jaipur a week ago.”
(a) They said that they will be leaving that (a) She said that she has gone to Jaipur a
night. week before.
(b) They said that they were leaving to (b) She said that she had gone to Jaipur a
night. week before.
(c) They said that they were leaving that (c) She told that she had gone to Jaipur a
night. week before.
(d) They told that they were leaving that (d) She said if she had gone to Jaipur a
night.
week before.
109. He said to me, “I shall see you tomorrow.”
114. He said to me, “You have made a mistake.”
(a) He told me that he would see me the
(a) He told to me that I had made a
next day.
mistake.
(b) He told to me that he would see me
the next day. (b) He told me whether I had made a
mistake.
(c) He told me that he would seen me the
next day. (c) He told me that I had made a mistake.
(d) He told me that he would be seeing (d) He said me that I had made a mistake.
me the next day.
115. The students said, “We shall play a match 120. The principal said, “Harish is very
tomorrow.” intelligent.”
(a) The students said that they would play (a) The Principal remarked that Harish is
a match the next day.
very intelligent.
(b) The students said that they would play
a match the following day. (b) The Principal remarked if Harish was
(c) The students said that they would have very intelligent.
played a match the next day. (c) The Principal remarked that harish was
(d) The students said that they would be very intelligent.
playing a match the next day.
(d) The Principal remarked that Harish was
116. Harish said, “I am going now, Mother.”
(a) Harish told his mother that he is going intelligent.
then. 121. The principal said “Tomorrow will be a
(b) Harish told his mother that he was holiday.”
going then. (a) The Principal announced that the next
(c) Harish told his mother that I was going day would be a holiday.
then.
(d) Harish told his mother that he was (b) The Principal announced that tomorrow
going now. would be a holiday.
117. The teacher said, “Honesty is the best (c) The Principal announced that the next
policy.” day will be a holiday.
(a) The teacher said that honesty is the best
(d) The Principal announced that the next
policy.
day should be a holiday.
(b) The teacher said that honesty was the
best policy. 122. The Prime Minister said, “National
(c) The teacher said that honesty is best integrity will be preserved at all costs.”
policy. (a) The Prime Minister declared that
(d) The teacher said that the honesty is the national integrity will be preserved at
best policy. all costs.
118. He said to his parents, “I have done my
best and can do no more.” (b) The Prime Minister declared that
(a) He told his parents that he has done national integrity would have preserved
his best and could do no more. at all costs.
(b) He told his parents that he had done (c) The Prime Minister declared that
his best and could do no more. national integrity would be preserved
(c) He told his parents that I had done my at all costs.
best and could do no more.
(d) He told his parents that you had done (d) The Prime Minister declared that
you best and could do not more. national integrity would be preserve at
119. The dying man said, “My sons, I am all costs.
leaving you a treasure buried in my fields.” 123. The Minister said, “The prices have started
(a) The dying man told his sons that he falling.”
was leaving them a treasure buried in
(a) The Minister informed that the prices
his fields.
has started falling.
(b) The dying man told to his sons that he
was leaving them a treasure buried in (b) The Minister informed that the prices
his fields. are being started falling.
(c) The dying man told his sons that I was (c) The Minister informed that the prices
leaving them a treasure buried in his have started falling.
fields.
(d) The dying man told his sons that he (d) The Minister informed that the prices
was leaving you a treasure buried in had started falling.
his fields.
124. The sage said, “God helps those who help 130. He said, “Where shall I be this time next
themselves.” year!”
(a) The sage said that God helps those who (a) He asked that where should he be that
help themselves. time next year.
(b) The sage said that God helped those (b) He wondered where he should be that
who helped themselves. time the next year.
(c) The sage said the God helps those who (c) He contemplated where shall he be that
helped themselves. time the following year.
(d) The sage said that God helped those (d) He wondered where he would be that
who help themselves. time the following year.
125. “Please don’t go away”, she said. 131. Rajesh said, “I bought a car yesterday.”
(a) Rajesh said that I have bought a car
(a) She said to please her and not go away.
the previous day.
(b) She told me not to go away.
(b) Rajesh told that he had bought a car
(c) She begged that I not go away. yesterday.
(d) She begged me not to go away. (c) Rajesh said that he bought a car the
126. He said, “I clean my teeth twice a day.” previous day.
(a) He said that he cleaned his teeth twice (d) Rajesh said that he had bought a car
a day the previous day.
(b) He said that he cleans his teeth twice 132. The employer said to the work man, “I
a day cannot pay you higher wages.”
(c) He said that he used to clean his teeth (a) The employer told the workman that
twice a day. he could not be pay him higher wages.
(d) He said that he is used to cleaning his (b) The employer told the workman that
teeth twice a day. he could not pay him higher wages.
127. He said to them, “Don’t make a noise.” (c) The employer forbade the workman to
(a) He told them that not to make noise. pay higher wages.
(d) The employer warned the workman that
(b) He told them not to make noise.
he cannot pay him higher wages.
(c) He said them not to make a noise.
133. My cousin said, “My room-mate snored
(d) He asked them not to make a noise throughout the night.”
128. The teacher said, “Be quiet, boys.” (a) My cousin said that her roommate had
(a) The teacher said that the boys should snored throughout the night.
be quiet. (b) My cousin told me that her room-mate
(b) The teacher called the boys and ordered snored throughout the night.
them to be quiet. (c) My cousin complained to me that her
(c) The teacher urged the boys to be quiet. room-mate is snoring throughout the
(d) The teacher commanded the boys that night.
they be quiet. (d) My cousin felt that her room-mate may
129. My friend said to me, “Has your father be snoring throughout the night.
returned from Kolkata?” 134. He asked his teacher, “Need I read this
(a) My friend said to me that my father chapter?”
has returned from Kolkata (a) He asked his teacher whether there was
a need to read that chapter.
(b) My friend asked me if my father had
(b) He asked his teacher whether he needed
returned from Kolkata.
to read this chapter.
(c) My friend told me that his father had (c) He asked his teacher if it was necessary
returned from Kolkata. to read this chapter.
(d) My friend enquired me if his father had (d) He asked his teacher if he had to read
returned from Kolkata. that chapter.
135. He said, “What a beautiful scene!” 140. “Why are you looking through the key
(a) He said that what a beautiful scene it hole?” I said.
was (a) I asked him why he was looking
(b) He wondered that it was a beautiful through the key hole.
scene. (b) I said to him why he is looking through
(c) He exclaimed what a beautiful scene it the key hole.
was. (c) I said to him that why he was looking
(d) He exclaimed that it was a very through the key hole.
beautiful scene. (d) I asked you why you are looking
through the key hole.
136. He said to me, “What time do the offices
close?” 141. “How cruel the boss is!” said the clerk.
(a) The clerk said that the boss was very
(a) He wanted to know what time the
clerk.
offices close.
(b) The clerk said that the boss is very
(b) He asked me what time did the offices
cruel.
close.
(c) The clerk exclaimed that the boss was
(c) He asked me what time the offices
very cruel.
closed.
(d) The clerk exclaimed that the boss is
(d) He asked me what time the offices did very cruel.
close.
142. My husband said to me, “Wait for me
137. Pinki said to Gaurav, “Will you help me in outside.”
my work just now?” (a) My husband told me to wait for him
(a) Pinki asked Gaurav if he would help outside.
her in her work just then. (b) My husband said that I have to wait
(b) Pinki questioned to Gaurav that will for him outside.
you help me in my work just now. (c) My husband wanted me to wait for him
(c) Pinki told Gaurav whether he will help only outside.
her in her work just now. (d) My husband angrily asked me to wait
(d) Pinki asked to Gaurav that will he help outside.
her in her work just now. 143. He said, “The mice will play, when the cat
138. Sarita said to me, “I will do it now or is away.”
never.” (a) He said that the mice will play when
(a) Sarita told me that I would do it then the cat is away.
or never. (b) He said that the mice would play when
(b) Sarita told me that she would do it now the cat was away.
or never. (c) He said that the mice would play when
(c) Sarita told me that she will do that now the cat would be away.
or never. (d) He said that the mice shall play, when
(d) Sarita told me that should the cat is away.
144. He said to his servant. “Why are you so
139. The employer said to him, “I shall pay your
lazy today?”
wages tomorrow.”
(a) He asked his servant why he was so
(a) The employer said that he shall pay
lazy that day.
your wages the next day.
(b) He asked his servant why he had been
(b) The employer told him that he would
so lazy that day.
pay his wages the next day.
(c) He asked his servant why he was being
(c) The employer said that I shall pay my so lazy that day.
wages the next day.
(d) He asked his servant why was he so
(d) The employer said that he shall pay his lazy that day.
wages the next day.
145. He said, “Can you sing?” And I said, “No”. (b) A soft voice said to me are you alone
(a) He asked me that could I sing and I son.
refused. (c) A soft voice asked that what I was
(b) He asked me if I could sing and I said doing there alone.
that I couldn’t. (d) A soft voice behind me asked if I was
(c) I denied, when he asked me if I could alone.
sing. 149. “Many happy returns of your birthday,” we
(d) He asked me if I could sing and I said said.
no.
(a) We greeted him on his birthday.
146. He said to her, “May you succeed!”
(b) We said that many happy returns of
(a) He told her that she might succeed.
your birthday.
(b) He prayed to god that she may succeed.
(c) We wished him many happy returns of
(c) He wished her success.
his birthday.
(d) He said to her that she might succeed.
(d) We prayed for many happy returns of
147. He said, “May God grant peace to the
his birthday.
departed soul!”
150. “Fie! a soldier and afraid of fighting!” said
(a) He wished by God to grant peace to
the departed soul. Babar.
(b) He wished that God may grant peace (a) Babar exclaimed with surprise that a
to the departed soul. soldier should be afraid of fighting.
(c) He prayed that might God grant peace (b) Addressing a soldier, Babar cursed him
to the departed soul. that the should be afraid of fighting.
(d) He prayed that God would grant peace (c) Babar cursed the soldier who was afraid
to the departed soul. of fighting.
148. “Are you alone my son?” asked a soft voice (d) Babar cursed and exclaimed that a
close behind me. solider should not be afraid of fighting.
(a) A soft voice from my back asked if I
was alone.

ANSWERS
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (d)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (c) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (b) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (b)
41. (c) 42. (d) 43. (b) 44. (b) 45. (d) 46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (d) 49. (c) 50. (b)
51. (d) 52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (c) 56. (d) 57. (a) 58. (a) 59. (c) 60. (b)
61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (d) 64. (d) 65. (c) 66. (a) 67. (b) 68. (c) 69. (d) 70. (c)
71. (a) 72. (b) 73. (a) 74. (c) 75. (b) 76. (c) 77. (d) 78. (c) 79. (b) 80. (a)
81. (a) 82. (b) 83. (a) 84. (b) 85. (a) 86. (c) 87. (d) 88. (a) 89. (c) 90. (a)
91. (c) 92. (c) 93. (c) 94. (c) 95. (b) 96. (b) 97. (b) 98. (b) 99. (c) 100. (a)
101. (a) 102. (a) 103. (a) 104. (a) 105. (b) 106. (a) 107. (d) 108. (c) 109. (a) 110. (d)
111. (a) 112. (c) 113. (b) 114. (c) 115. (a) 116. (b) 117. (a) 118. (b) 119. (a) 120. (c)
121. (a) 122. (c) 123. (d) 124. (a) 125. (d) 126. (b) 127. (d) 128. (c) 129. (b) 130. (d)
131. (d) 132. (b) 133. (a) 134. (d) 135. (d) 136. (c) 137. (a) 138. (d) 139. (b) 140. (a)
141. (c) 142. (a) 143. (a) 144. (a) 145. (b) 146. (c) 147. (d) 148. (d) 149. (c) 150. (d)
 SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
Finite Verb Number Person has
(Subject) Number Person –
– (i) My friend/were/not present/there. / No Error.
(i) They go. A B C D E
(ii) He goes. [ Part (B) 'were' 'was'
go Finite verb Plural Subject 'They' subject 'My
Plural Singular Subject 'He' friend' Third Person, Singular Number ]
Singular –
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT (1) Subject Singular Noun
Verb Singular –
(A) Subject (Singular)  Verb (Singular) (i) Mohan is always late.
– (i) She reads a book. (ii) A book has been bought.
 
Sub. Verb (2) Singular Nouns 'and' Verb
(Sing.) (Sing.) Plural –
(ii) Ram eats a mango. (i) Ram and Shyam have come.
  (ii) A book and a pen have been bought.
Sub. Verb
(Sing.) (Sing.) (3) Singular Nouns 'and'
each every Verb Singular
–
(i) I am, was Plural
(i) Each boy and each girl is invited.
(ii) You Plural.    
(B) Subject (Plural)  Verb (Plural) each Noun each Noun
– (i) They are playing in the field. (Sing.) (Sing.)
 
Sub. Verb (ii) Each boy and girl is invited.
(Pl.) (Pl.)   
(ii) We are walking in the field. each Noun Noun
  (Sing.) (Sing.)
Sub. Verb
(Pl.) (Pl.) (4) Singular Nouns 'and'
Verb Singular
NOTE : Subject Verb Agreement
–
Problems is, are, am, was, were, do,
does, have, has (i) Bread and butter is my favourite food.
Present Indefinite Tense Nouns –
is are am, do does, have
 Bread and butter, Rice and curry, Horse and (9) Each of / Either of / Neither of / Every one of/
carriage, Hammer and sickle, Crown and glory etc. One of Verb Pronoun Plural
NOTE : Nouns Verb Singular –
Verb Plural – (i) Each of the mangoes is ripe.
(i) Crown and glory exist together. 
(5) Nouns Pronouns as well as, in Noun (Pl.)
addition to, basides, like, unlike, with, along with, (ii) One of them has played well.
together with, accompanied by, led by, headed by, 
guided by, controlled by, governed by, rather than and
not Verb Noun Pronoun Noun (Pl.)
– Problem –
(i) You as well as your sister were in the wrong. (i) The teacher asked the student / if every one of
(ii) He together with his friends is coming today. (A) (B)
NOTE : Sister them / were ready to / attend the classes every day /
was friends were Problems (C) (D)
No Error.
(E)
(6) Subjects Not only ............... but also, [ Part (C) 'were' 'was'
Neither .......... nor, Either .............. or every one Noun Pronoun
Verb Subject – Plural Verb Singular ]
(i) Neither you nor I am willing to do it.
(ii) Neither you nor he is making a noise. (10) Subject everybody, somebody,
Problems nobody, anybody, someone, no one, everyone, anyone,
– everything, something, nothing, anything Verb
(i) Neither Prakash nor his / brother Prashant were Singular –
(A) (B) (i) Everybody knows that the earth is round.
/ capable of doing this / work within two days. / No (ii) Everybody among your friends likes playing.
(C) (D) (E)
Error. (11) Subject Many, Both, Few, A
few Verb Plural –
[ Part (B) 'were' 'was'
Verb Subject 'nor his (i) Both are happy.
brother Prashant' Third person, Singular Number (ii) Many were invited but a few have come.
]
(12) Both of, A few of, Few of, Many of
(7) Subjects Not ............... but, 'not' Noun Pronoun Plural Verb Plural
Verb Subject 'Not' –
– (i) Many of the trees (Noun (Pl.)) are green.
(i) Not she but her friends are guilty.
(ii) She and not her friends is guilty. (13) Many, A great many, A good many
Noun Plural Verb Plural –
(8) Subjects Each, Either, Neither (i) A great many boys are sitting there.
Verb Singular – Many a/an Noun Singular Verb
(i) I invited two boys but neither has come. Singular –
(i) Many a pen is red. (i) There was a king.
    (ii) There were two kings.
Many a noun Verb It Verb Singular –
(Sing.) (Sing.) (i) It is these boys that came late today.

(14) A number of, A large number of, Large (19) Numeral Adjective + Plural Noun
numbers of Noun Plural Verb Plural
– Verb Singular –
(i) A number of girls have passed. (i) Two thousand rupees is a handsome amount.
The number Noun Plural Verb                   
Singular – Numeral Noun Verb
(i) The number of the buses is increasing. (Adj.) (Pl.) (Sing.)
(ii) Ten tons of coal is enough for me.
(15) Some, Some of, All, All of, Enough, Most, Numeral Adjective + Plural Noun
Most of, Losts of, A lot of, Plenty of Noun Verb Plural –
Countable Plural Verb Plural;
(i) Two thousand rupees have been spent.
–
                     
(i) All men are mortal.
Numeral Noun Verb
(ii) Lots of players were there.
(Adj.) (Pl.) (Sing.)
Noun Uncountable
(20) who, which that Relative
Singular Verb Singular –
Pronouns Verb
(i) Some money is needed. Antecedents Number Person
(ii) Lots of milk is available. –
(i) I, who am a teacher, teach here.
(16) Half of, One third of, Two thirds of, Three (ii) The students who are here did not do well.
fourths of Noun Countable Plural Problems
Verb Plural – –
(i) Half of the hotels are closed today. (i) One of the issues / which was discussed / in
Noun Uncountable (A) (B)
Singular Verb Singular –
the meeting / was raised by me. / No Error.
(i) Two thirds of the land has been ploughed.
(C) (D) (E)
[ Part (B) 'was' 'were'
(17) More than one Singular Noun 'which' Relative Pronoun
Singular Verb – Antecedent 'the issues' Plural Verb
(i) More than one room is vacant. Plural ]
More + Plural Noun + than one
Verb Plural – (21) Unfulfilled wish, condition, desire
(i) More teachers than one are late. if, as if, as though, I wish, We
wish etc. To be
(18) There It Introductory 'were' Subject
Subjects There Noun Number Person –
Pronoun Number Person (i) I wish I were a bird.
–
 Problems 2. It is noticed that / the elite class have no soft
– (A) (B)
/ corner for the downtrodden who are the / real victims
(i) If I was you / I would have told / the chairman (C) (D)
(A) (B) (C) of the present socal seu-up. / No Error.
to keep / his mouth shut. / No Error. (E)
3. Ritu as well as / some of her friends / have
(D) (E) (A) (B)
[ Part (A) 'was' 'were' fallen in love with Sonu, who / is the eldest son of an
Unfulfilled wish / condition (C) (D)
/ desire if / as if / as S.D.O. / No Error.
though / I wish etc. To be (E)
4. More than one successful candidate / have taken
'were'
(A)
the interview for one / of the popular magazines /
(22) Pronouns 'and' Verb (B) (C)
Plural – being published from Delhi. / No Error
(i) I and he are guilty. (D) (E)
5. Is there any difficulties / in disposing of this
    (A)
Pro. and Pro. Verb gorgeous building / built on such a spacious / and
(B) (C)
(Pl.)
beautiful campus. / No Error
(ii) You and he have disturbed me. (D) (E)
    6. The leader as well as / his followers are fatally
(A) (B)
Pro. and Pro. Verb injured in / the train accident which occured last night
(Pl.) (C)
Problems / near this railway crossing. / No Error
– (D) (E)
(i) You and I / am going to take part / in the 7. The request of the workers' / union that their
(A) (B) (A) (B)
wages should be / increased were supported by / a
meeting tomorrow / No Error. (C)
(C) (D) vast majority. / No Error
[ Part (B) 'am' 'are' (D) (E)
Part (A) 'You' 'I' 'and' 8. Along the northern frontier / of India is seen
Subject Plural ] (A) (B)
/ the Himalayas mighty / in their splendour. / No
(C) (D)
PROBLEMS BASED ON SUBJECT-VERB Error
AGREEMENT (E)
9. The publisher says / that there is / many
(A) (B)
Directions : Find out the error in each of the important details to attend / to before this book gets
following sentences, if any. If there is no error, your (C) (D)
answer is 'E'. printed. / No Error
(E)
10. His politics is not / good, so we have suggested
1. Two miles beyond / that pasture was seen
(A) (B)
(A) (B) to him / that he should read Gandhi, Nehru / and Karl
hundreds / of cattle including / some lambs. / No (C) (D)
(C) (D) Marx. / No Error
Error. (E)
(E)
 11. Just outside / the hotel is / two bars, extremely 20. Although these building are / in need of repair,
(A) (B) (C) (A) (B)
beautiful / as well as crowdy. / No Error / there have been much improvement / in their
(D) (E) (C)
12. We should not forget that / we have a right to appearance. / No Error
(A) (B) (D) (E)
criticise but / at the same time each of us / have to 21. He often says that / it are these obscene films
(C) (A) (B)
remember the duty also. / No Error / that lead the youth to their moral degradation / and
(D) (E) (C)
13. Her pugnacious daughter / always do some- are responsible for many evils growing in our society.
(A) (B)
(D)
thing that may incur insult / on her neighbours who
/ No Error
(C)
hold a wrong / opinion about her family. / No Error (E)
(D) (E) 22. Not only the doctor / but also the nurses of
14. One of / the biggest industrial houses / in (A) (B)
(A) (B) this nursing / home is very kind and helpful / to the
Mumbai is on the verge of / declaring a lock out. / No (C)
(C) (D) attendants. / No Error
Error (D) (E).
(E) 23. There appears / a member of new faces in the
15. Our Head of the Department assured / us that (A) (B)
(A) hall / and I really do not know where they have /
a series of lectures on Milton / were to be arranged / (C)
(B) (C) come from and why. / No Error
the following week and so we should not create any (D) (E)
(D) 24. The teachers face the / same problems in their
nuissance. / No Error (A) (B)
(E) day to day lives / as do an ordinary man / of our
16. A body of volunteers / have been organized / (C)
(A) (B) society. / No Error
to help the faculty members / in their attempt to raise (D) (E)
(C) (D) 25. The man who cannot / believe his senses and
the funds. / No Error
(A) (B)
(E)
the man who cannot / believe anything else are /
17. Each of the students, / whom I have chosen to
(C)
(A) (B)
take part / in the cultural programme to be performed insane. / No Error
(C) (D) (E)
/ in the City Hall, are up to the mark. / No Error 26. The available statistics / indicate that the
(D) (E) (A)
18. Everybody among the businessmen / were population of the world will double in about 30 years
(A) (B)
enjoying drinking / when the Manager of the hotel / / and human life will become / more and more
(B) (C) (C) (D)
was shot dead. / No Error miserable. / No Error
(D) (E) (E)
19. Most of the news / pertaining to the sudden 27. Shingles are a disease / in which the patient
(A) (B) (A) (B)
demise of Dr. Sen / have been communicated by some develops / lots of inflamed spots round the / waist. /
(C) (C) (D)
of the ruffians / whom I know well. / No Error No Error
(D) (E) (E)
 28. What were once glorious forts / are now 37. Not John and his friends / but Mary has
(A) (B) (A)
nothing / but piles of / rubble. / No Error surreptitiously taken / your photographs and sent them
(C) (D) (E) (B) (C)
29. Whether you should get married / now or / to her friends. / No Error.
(A) (D) (E)
whether you should remain / single all your life / are 38. The idea of / introducing genes / to correct
(B) (C) (A) (B)
your personal problem. / No Error heritable and other / disorders are revolutionary. / No
(D) (E) (C) (D)
30. Each family member as / well as most of the Error
(A) (B) (E)
students / were of the view that there should / be 39. An ability to shrink / and reduce oneself to a
(C) (A)
many new courses in this college. / No Error tiny form and reverse the process whenever desired /
(D) (E) (B)
31. Does his daily struggle / for existence leave
belongs to the realm of fantasy and is heard of only
(A) (B)
(C)
time / to ponder over / international affairs ? / No
(C) (D) / in fairy tales or tales of magic. / No Error
Error (D) (E)
(E) 40. Neither Rajni / nor Ragini were to take to her
32. Either the manager / or his assistants always (A) (B)
(A) (B) heels / when they was a cobra laying / at the gate. /
try to misguide the public / regarding the vacancy / in (C) (D)
(C) No Error
the factory. / No Error (E)
(D) (E) 41. Have either of / the two candidates been /
33. Every man and woman / of the village have (A) (B)
(A) (B) selected for the post of Branch Manager / in the Punjab
come out / to see this strange child / who claims to (C)
(C) National Bank ? / No Error
know everything about his pre-natal existence. / No (D) (E)
(D) 42. None / of the five players / who have been
Error (A) (B)
(E) given a chance / to join this team play confidently. /
34. In our college, it / was obligatory for each of (C) (D)
(A) (B)
No Error
/ the students to buy / his own instruments. / No Error
(C) (D) (E) (E)
35. Those athletes who / did not adhere to the 43. What she says / and what she does / are
(A) (B) (A) (B)
rules of athletics / was deprived of taking part / in the incomprehensible / to an ordinary mind like yours. /
(C) (C) (D)
championship. / No Error No Error
(D) (E) (E)
36. One of the developing or underdeveloped / 44. Where she went / and where she left her purse
(A) (A) (B)
countries are not in favour of launching / chemical / are not known to us; so it / is of no use being
(B) (C) (D)
warfare because it trembles / to imagine its worried about her. / No Error
(C) (D) (E)
repercussions. / No Error
(E)
 45. Nobody else / but these - comely young 48. If Mahatma Gandhi / was alive / he would
(A) (B) (A) (B)
women have / played a prank on you; but it is pitiable start weeping / to see the present condition of India.
(C) (C) (D)
that you don't / understand it. / No Error / No Error
(D) (E) (E)
46. Some highly significant / observations has 49. Was she a bird / she would definitely fly to
(A) (A) (B)
been made by the former UN / Secretary General, Mr. you / and say that she could not / live without you. /
(B) (C) (C) (D)
Perez De Cueler, / in his annual report submitted to No Error
(D) (E)
the current session of General Assembly. / No Error 50. There were / reports a few days before the
(E) (A) (B)
47. If any proof was needed to show that the Accra Session commenced / that concrete measures
(A) (C)
United Nations / have lately become a policy tool in to / restructure the movement would be considered. /
(B) (D)
the hands of the U.S.A. and that / the world's sole No Error
might has a subservient international body, it was (E)
(C)
provided / by President Bush's angry comment. / No
(D)
Error
(E)

ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a)
6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (e) 15. (c)
16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (e)
26. (e) 27. (a) 28. (e) 29. (d) 30. (c)
31. (e) 32. (e) 33. (b) 34. (e) 35. (c)
36. (b) 37. (e) 38. (d) 39. (e) 40. (b)
41. (a) 42. (e) 43. (e) 44. (e) 45. (e)
46. (b) 47. (b) 48. (b) 49. (a) 50. (e)
 ROOT WORDS
Etymology - word Extrovert -
Introvert -
Eg- Somna + amble = somnabulist Insomnia -
Ambi - both) Monogamy -
Antropos - Monogyny -
Andros - Monoandrous -
Centrum - Polygamy -
Chroma - Polygyny -
Dexter - Polyandrous -
Di/Bi - Photochromatice - Tuns colour when comes in
Donto - contact with light
Ego - Pyre -
Extro - Pyrotechnic - Art of making firework
Gyny - Pyromania - A strong urge to set thing
Gamos - on fire.
Intro - Somnolent -
Loqua - Speech KILLING WORDS
Logy - Apicide - Bees
Misien - Avicide - Birds
Mania -
Cannicide - Dogs
Mono -
Fratricide -
Ortho -
Filicide -
Photo -
Foeticide -
Paidos -
Genocide -
Psyche -
Infanticide -
Philia -
Pyro - Matricide -
Sinister - Patricide -
Verto - Parricide - Parents
WORDS Populicide - Population
Ambivert - Sororicide -
Ambidexterous - Uxoricide -
Bigamy - HATER/LOVER WORDS
Bigyny - Belligerent/Bellicose - Lover of War
Biandrous -
Misanthrope -
Chromatic - related to colour
Misogynist -
Dexterous/ Adroit -
Misogamist - Hater of Marriage
Egoist -
Philanthrope -
Egotist -
Philogynist -
Egocentric - Pacifist - Hater of War
 TYPES OF PEOPLE Iconoclast -
Ascetic -
Austere - Idolatry -
Ambivert - Monotheism -
Blasphemous - Polytheism -
Theist -
Connoisseur - PHOBIA
Dipsomaniac - Androphobia -
Epicure - Acrophobia -
Extrovert - Accousticophobia -
Eccentric - Aerophobia -
Fatalist - Agorphobia -
Fastidious - Bibliophobia -
Feminist - Chromophobia -
Glutton/Gourmand - Claustrophobia -
Gregarious - Demophobia -
Gourmet - Dipsophobia -
Hedonist - Gynecophobia -
Introvert - Haematophobia -
Optimist - Hydrophobia -
Opportunist - Hippophobia -
Pessimist - Kinesophobia -
Pacifist - Logophobia -
Pragmatic - Metrophobia -
Plagomaniac - Monophobia/Autophobia -
Megalophia -
Philistine - Microphobia -
Neophobia -
Recluse -
Pharmocophobia -
Sanguine -
Peniophobia -
Spiritualist -
Pathophobia -
Sitophobic -
Photophobia -
Sceptic -
Sitophobia -
Sociable -
Thermophobia -
Teetotaller -
DOCTORS
Cardiologist -
WORDS RELATED TO GOD
Chiropodist -
Atheist -
Dermatologist -
Agnostic -
Endocrinologist - Study of Hormones
Apostate - Gerontologist -
Laryngologist -
Blasphemous/Sacrilegious - Neurologist -
Nephrologist - (Kidney)
Deism - Otologist -
Orthodontist -
Henotheist - Opthalmologist -
Optician -
Orthopaedist - Facism - When no political
Podiatrist - opposition is allowed
Pathologist - Gynecocracy -
Rhinologist - Gerontocracy -
Zymology - Study of Enzyme Kakistocracy -
GOVERNMENT Liberalism -
Anarchy - Monarchy -
Aristocracy - Meritocracy -
Autocracy - Neocracy -
Biarchy -
Bureauracy - Oligarchy -

Capitalism - Plutocracy -

Conservatism - Ruled by people who belive Polyachy -

little or no change. Socialism -
Despotism - Totalitarian Regime -
Federalism - Country consisting of group
of States controlled by a
Central govt.