World War III (WWIII or WW3) and the Third World War are names given to a hypothetical
third worldwide large-scale military conflict subsequent to World War I and II. The term has been
in use since at least as early as 1941. Some have applied it loosely to refer to limited or smaller
conflicts such as the Cold War or the War on Terror, while others assumed that such a conflict
would surpass prior world wars both in its scope and in its destructive impact.[1]
Due to the development and use of nuclear weapons near the end of World War II and their
subsequent acquisition and deployment by many countries, the potential risk of a nuclear
devastation of Earth's civilization and life is a common theme in speculations about a Third World
War. Another major concern is that biological warfare could cause a very large number of
casualties, either intentionally or inadvertently by an accidental release of a biological agent, the
unexpected mutation of an agent, or its adaptation to other species after use. High-
scale apocalyptic events like these, caused by advanced technology used for destruction, could
potentially make the Earth's surface uninhabitable.
Prior to the beginning of the Second World War, the First World War (1914–1918) was believed
to have been "the war to end all wars," as it was popularly believed that never again could there
possibly be a global conflict of such magnitude. During the interwar period, WWI was typically
referred to simply as "The Great War." The outbreak of World War II in 1939 disproved the hope
that mankind might have already "outgrown" the need for such widespread global wars.
With the advent of the Cold War in 1945 and with the spread of nuclear weapons technology to
the Soviet Union, the possibility of a third global conflict became more plausible. During the Cold
War years, the possibility of a Third World War was anticipated and planned for by military and
civil authorities in many countries. Scenarios ranged from conventional warfare to limited or total
nuclear warfare. At the height of the Cold War, a scenario referred to as Mutually Assured
Destruction ("MAD") had been calculated which determined that an all-out nuclear confrontation
would most certainly destroy all or nearly all human life on the planet. The potential absolute
destruction of the human race may have contributed to the ability of both American and Soviet
leaders to avoid such a scenario.