La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF SOGIE BILL
IN BAUANG, LA UNION
A research proposal
Presented to the faculty of
Basic Education Department-Senior High School
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Bauang, La union
In partial fulfilment
Of requirement for the subject
Research Project
Cadiz, Ela Marie
Dolar, Maeren Joy L.
Fernandez, Alvin V.
Fernandez, Reynald H.
Flores, Albert B.
Galano, Estevein G.
Lucido, Avhon Rhey
JANUARY 2020
Humanities and Social Sciences
1
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM
Background of the study
For the last few centuries, acceptance of the third sex became a complex
thing. Non- homosexual tends to violently outcast the LGBT, they were
historically called “plague” carriers, disease bringers and demonic creatures.
Life for them is an unfair thing; a blind persona which only sees the
acceptable. Well in fact, every individual deserve acceptance; in short, we are
all acceptable.
By 1996, South Africa became the first in the world to give constitutional
protection to the LGBTQ+ community by constitutionally prohibiting
discrimination based on sexual orientation. Section 9 of the South African
Constitution states that “The state may not unfairly discriminate directly or
indirectly against anyone on one or more grounds, including race, gender, sex,
pregnancy, marital status, ethnic or social origin, color, sexual orientation, age,
disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture, language and birth”, (M. A.
Guiao,2019).
While still one of the most globally friendly when it comes to the LGBTQ+
community, support for this movement has subsided over the years. Some
members of the community still find it difficult to come out and express
Humanities and Social Sciences
2
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
themselves. According to the Central Agency for Statistics (2013), homosexuals
generally felt much more unsafe.
The strongest expansions in LGBT rights in the United States have come
from the Supreme Court. In four landmark rulings between the years 1996 and
2015, the Supreme Court invalidated a state law banning protected class
recognition based upon homosexuality, struck down sodomy laws nationwide,
struck down Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act, and made same-sex
marriage legal nationwide. Twenty-two states plus Washington, D.C. and
Puerto Rico outlaw discrimination based on sexual orientation, and twenty
states plus Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico outlaw discrimination based on
gender identity or expression. Hate crimes based on sexual orientation or
gender identity are also punishable by federal law under the Matthew Shepard
and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009. In 2012 and 2015,
the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ruled that Title VII of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not allow gender identity-based employment
discrimination because it is considered sexual discrimination.
SOGIE bill or The Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression
also known as the Anti-Discrimination Bill, is a proposed legislation for the
member of LGBTQ+ in the Congress of the Philippines. The bill seeks to
protect all people from all kind of discrimination (CNN Philippines, 2019). The
Humanities and Social Sciences
3
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
SOGIE Equality Bill is meant to fulfill the rights set forth in the 1987
constitution, particularly the equal protection clause. It recognizes the LGBTQ+
as equals and ensures that the rights are protected inasmuch as everyone’s is.
This act is not only for the right of LGBTQ+ but it is also to lessen or decrease
the number of discriminants. Atty. Kristine Mendoza stated that “The bill aims
to prohibit discrimination based on SOGIE, so even ‘straights’ are protected by
this bill “.
Discrimination has been a reality in the lives of LGBT+ while some might
not have been discriminated against, or might not have felt stigmatized, it does
not negate the lived experiences of others who have (Abad, 2017). There are
many discriminatory acts that are practicing to the LGBT+ of the society right
away. A significant problem of LGBT+ members is the fear to be ashamed,
insult, vilify, judge and any discriminatory practice toward them. In
educational institutions, it was found that LGBT people are subject to
discrimination, bullying and abuse under the guise of “academic freedom”
which allows educational institutions to create their own policies. LGBT+
issues are not included in curricula. However, the Department of Education
(2012) issued an order to protect children from violence, abuse and exploitation
regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity. Positive case studies
included pride events on campuses and the election of LGBT+ individuals to
student councils, which acts in turn, intimidate them or result in the loss of
Humanities and Social Sciences
4
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
their self-esteem, especially to those students, if they’re fully ashamed by
discrimination, they will attempt suicidal activities and it will turn into death
(UNDP, USAID 2014). One of the crucial discriminatory practice which they
deny access to public services, such as: criteria of hiring, promotion, transfer,
designation, and right to apply for a professional license, and other human
resource movement or any terms of employment. Differential treatment of an
employee or anyone engaged to render services, denial of admission to or
expulsion from an educational institution. (Ocampo ,2017).
Geraldine Roman (2017) stated that, “The SOGIE equality bill will
intensify our efforts to fulfill the rights and dignity of every individual”. She
signifies that every individual must have a right and dignity within the society
because it is an opportunity to strengthen SOGIE which means this is very
important for her as one of the LGBTQ+. The bill is not only punitive, but more
importantly, it’s preventive.
The current versions of the bill are championed by Kaka Bag-ao,
Geraldine Roman, and Tom Villarin in the House of Representatives, and Risa
Hontiveros in the Senate. The version in the House of Representative passed its
third reading most recently on September 20, 2017 but died in the Senate. It
has been refiled for the 18th Congress. The SOGIE Equality Bill officially
became the longest-running bill under the Senate interpellation period in
Humanities and Social Sciences
5
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
Philippine history. Supporters of the bill have remarked that the prolonged
interpellation was intended by the dissenters to block the passage of the
historic anti-discrimination bill (Vector, 2020).
The SOGIE Bill protects Filipinos from anti-discrimination. It has no
special rights for the LGBTQIA but if they are maligned because of their
SOGIE, the law, if passed, is a safeguard. For example, when a transwoman is
not allowed entry at a bar because of her attire as she “should dress like a
man”, that is discrimination and anti-SOGIE. (Padilla,2019)
It was noted that challenges for the LGBT movement include lack of
understanding within the LGBT community about SOGIE concepts, and a lack
of unity due in part because of class differences (UNDP, USAID ,2014). It thus
recognizes the non-discrimination of the LGBTQ+ as both a national and
international duty. In this research, social and academic challenges for LGBT+
member and individuals and a lack of studies on LGBT+ rights in the locality of
Bauang, La Union were in they are not aware on the rights of a LGBT+. In the
absence of effective implementation and monitoring, many LGBT youth
continue to experience bullying and harassment.
Researchers seen a lot of news about LGBT community. There was a
pride march in Ateneo De Manila and a rather controversial reaction from a
religious group. There was The Metro Manila Pride March, with thousands of
Humanities and Social Sciences
6
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
people braving the rains to celebrate and protest and everyone had an opinion
about Gretchen Diez, the transgender woman who was treated harshly by a
janitress in a Quezon City mall, an incident that fueled discussions on the
SOGIE equality bill. Because all of these, there has been a lot of discussion
about solving discrimination against LGBTQIA through SOGIE Bill. Since there
are many members of LGBT+ community who are accepted and successful in
different industries but, in our society, it is not easy to reach and manage full
acceptance for the people based on their sexual orientation, gender identity or
expression (Rosario,2019).
Researchers aimed to share and spread education toward the effects of
SOGIE bill that every individual must treat them the same and why
discrimination still at their center of their lives. With all the discussion and
observation above, the researchers made up their mind to go through a
research study about the Level of Awareness of SOGIE Bill in Bauang, La
union.
Humanities and Social Sciences
7
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
Statement of the Problem
The researchers pave way to investigate further information about the
“Level of Awareness of SOGIE bill in Bauang, La Union “, for this second
semester, academic year 2019-2020.
Specifically, the researchers will seek answers to the following problems:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Religious Affiliation
d. Civil Status
e. Highest Educational Attainment
2. What is the level of awareness of SOGIE bill in terms of :
a. Economic
b. Public accommodation
c. Gender Identity
d. Sexual Orientation
3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and
the effects of SOGIE Bill?
Humanities and Social Sciences
8
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents
and the Level of Awareness of SOGIE bill in Bauang, La Union.
Theoretical Framework of the Study
Homosexuality is never an issue. Theories may support the LGBT’s
development in accepting not only for others but especially on their own.
Vivienne Case “Homosexual Identity Model” is a stage model, meaning the
individual progresses along this path. An individual may take several years to
get through a stage, and then foreclosure can occur in any stage and
halt the process.
While the Queen Theory talks about the politics surrounding what is
generally described as sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) have
received an astounding degree of public and international attention in recent
years.
In the 1950s, Kinsey conducted the first modern sexuality studies. He
concluded that by the time an individual is aged 20 years, nearly 28% of young
men and 17% of young women had at least one homosexual experience.
Approximately 10% of those polled considered themselves to be predominantly
Humanities and Social Sciences
9
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
homosexual. In 1993, Diamond and colleagues performed a review of studies
conducted with various populations and concluded that the prevalence of
predominant homosexual attraction was lower than Kinsey had predicted.
Diamond concluded that 5-6% males and 2-3% females considered themselves
to be GLB.
The present exploratory study aims at generating ideographically oriented
insights on the way lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual employees cope
with their sexual or gender identity in the workplace. The subjective theories of
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual interviewees were represented by
structure-formation-techniques and communicatively validated via dialog-
consensus. The subjective theories of lesbian and gay employees are compared
and discussed with respect to their individual coping strategies, while the
subjective theories of bisexual or transgender/transsexual employees are
additionally examined with their specific situation in mind. This approach aims
to qualitatively deepen the existing quantitative knowledge on lesbian and gay
employees' situations and to generate fundamental findings on the situation of
bisexual and transsexual/transgender employees. These results provide a
sound foundation for future quantitative and qualitative research activities.
This study focuses particularly on resilience issues and potential skills that
may be catalyzed by the unique biographical experiences of lesbian, gay,
bisexual, and transsexual employees (Frohn, 2013).
Humanities and Social Sciences
10
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
According to Elvia R. Ariola, from the theory of “Gendered Inequality:
Lesbians, Gays, and Feminist Legal Theory” this article explores from a
feminist perspective, the questions of difference, equality, and sexual identity
rose in discrimination claims by lesbians and gay men.
Sexual prejudice has been defined as “a negative attitude toward an
individual based on her or his membership in a group defined by sexual
attractions, behaviors, and orientations” (Herek & McLemore, 2013, p. 312). He
argues that sexual prejudice results from the internalization of cultural sexual
stigma, defined as “negative regard, inferior status, and relative powerlessness
that society collectively accords to non-heterosexual behaviors, identities,
relationships, and communities” (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2000; Gaertner &
Dovidio, 2005).
According to the “The National Academies” at a time when lesbian, gay,
bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals are an increasingly open,
acknowledged, and visible part of society, clinicians and researchers are faced
with incomplete information about the health status of this community. The
phrase “lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community” refers to a broad
coalition of groups that are diverse with respect to gender, sexual orientation
race/ ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
Humanities and Social Sciences
11
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
Conceptual Framework
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES
Interest
Job Opportunities
Level of Awareness of SOGIE
Bill
LEVEL OF AWARENESS
A. Economic OF SOGIE BILL IN
B. Public BAUANG, LA UNION
Accommodation
C. Gender Identity
D. Sexual Orientation
PROFILE OF RESPONDENT
a. Age
b. Gender
c. Religious Affiliation
d. Civil Status
e. Highest Educational
Attainment.
MODERATING VARIABLES
Figure 1: The Research Paradigm
Humanities and Social Sciences
12
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
Significance of the Study
Student. The outcome of the study will benefit the idea and knowledge
toward the study. It signifies every student to be aware to their environment
and to break a barrier inside the school.
LGBT+. As they will be aware of the level of acceptance and the effects of
SOGIE bill from the society to them and the factors that contribute to the
willingness of the society towards them.
Teachers. They are the one to spread education about SOGIE equality
bill and to protect LGBT against other student who vilify, bully, insult and
other discriminative practices toward the LGBT students.
Future researchers. Don’t have fully knowledge about SOGIE bill, open
your eyes to LGBT+ and read more about this study to be sure that the future
researchers will enlighten themselves.
Community. Must know the different aspects of being homosexual
because we must treat the LGBT+ as a human not worse than human.
Community must open their eyes and lend their ears to have a knowledge
about the study and to lessen discrimination so that, LGBT+ could have
freedom and can freely show their true color in the community.
Humanities and Social Sciences
13
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
Researchers need to understand and analyze the SOGIE bill because
this is really a very broad and wide topic to talk about and to tackle not just
that because this topic is really one of the most talked topic nowadays on how
the government and legislative officials implement such bill like this and turn it
to a RA. To help our LGBTQIA community lessen the discrimination to them.
Operational Definition of Terms
SOGIE Bill (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression) refers to
the right of LGBTQIA (Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer Intersex and
Asexual) . It seeks to protect all people from all kind of discrimination.
Age refers to the amount of time in which the respondent existed
Gender refers to the sex of the respondents whether male or female
Religious affiliation refers to the religion of the respondents
Civil status refers to the status of the respondent whether it is married or
single
Highest educational attainment refers to the formal schooling attained by the
respondent as measured by the degree finished or completed
Positive effect refers to the great outcome of the SOGIE in Bauang, La Union
Negative effect refers to the bad outcome of SOGIE Bill in Bauang, La Union
Humanities and Social Sciences
14
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
Humanities and Social Sciences
15
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
CHAPTER II
Research Methodology
Introduction
this chapter describe how the study conducted and the researcher used in
gathering the necessary data for the completion of the study. This includes the
research design, the population and locale of the study, data procedure, data
gathering tool or research instrument and the statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
In this study, the researchers ensure that the research is clear structured
and well planned with the use of survey questionnaire in order to determine
the purpose of this study and will be studied well. This research is a
quantitative research and researcher used descriptive-correlational type of
research. Population and Locale of the Study
This research study will be conducted at the Municipality of Bauang, La
union. The respondents of this study will be the resident of the said
municipality.
Scope and Delimitations
Scope
Humanities and Social Sciences
16
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
The study is about the true essence of rights when it comes to awareness
of SOGIE bill in Bauang, La Union. It bounds itself to the responses derived
from the survey and questionnaire regarding to the level of awareness of SOGIE
Bill in Bauang, La Union. The respondents of this study will be the LGBTQIA,
(Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and Asexual) The study
considers their personal experience and other personal information such as
their name (optional) and age.
The study is limited through Bauang, La Union wide only. The main
purpose of the study or investigation is to provide information regarding to the
discrimination of the rights of LGBT+ and how it affects to their daily lives in
facing their struggles in life and the level of awareness of SOGIE bill in the
municipality of Bauang, La Union. Researchers used the random sampling
method and it consists of 60 respondents.
Data Gathering Tool and Measurement
In planning to gather information needed to answer the specific problems of
the study, the researchers employed questionnaire type.
First fold covers the profile of the respondents such as age, Gender,
Religious Affiliation, Civil Status, Monthly Income and Highest Educational
Attainment.
Humanities and Social Sciences
17
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
Second fold covers the level of awareness of SOGIE Bill in terms of positive
and negative effect.
In terms of level of measurement, researchers used quantitative variables
which they various in degree or amount at phenomenon and used such
orientation as research purpose.
Scoring Mechanism
The following numerical description and it is corresponding qualitative
interpretation was used by the researchers to describe and classify the range
and interval.
On the degree of influence on the factors
Weight Statistical Range Item Descriptive Rating
4 3.26-4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.51-3.25 Agree
2 1.76-2.50 Disagree
1 1.00-1.75 Strongly Disagree
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data were subjected to analysis using the following tools:
Humanities and Social Sciences
18
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
1. Frequency and percentages will be used to describe the personal profile
of the respondent along age, Gender, Religious Affiliation, Civil Status,
Monthly Income and Highest Educational Attainment.
𝑓
Percentages = 𝑥100%
𝑁
Where: f = frequency
N = total number of populations
2. Weighted mean are used to get the average of the over-all respondents
from the tabulated data distribution. Statistically calculated as shown
below:
This formula is written simply as:
N=∑fx
Where:
X= Weighted mean
∑= summation
fx= sum of all the products of f and x, weight of each frequency of each
score and x, weight of each score
F= sum of all the students tested
Humanities and Social Sciences
19
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
The data gathered where tabulated connected and analyzed. Frequency counts
weighted means ranking and percentage where used for the treating sub-
problems 1 and 2. For sub-problem 3 on the relationship between the profile of
the respondents of the locale of performance along dimension the person was
used. To ensure accuracy of communication the SPSS was used.
Humanities and Social Sciences
20
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondents:
Thank you for taking part of our awareness survey. Your answers to this
questionnaire will help us craft the needed intervention to better understand
the level of awareness on SOGIE Bill. Kindly take time to answer this survey.
Your responses shall be kept with utmost confidentiality.
PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
Direction: Place a check mark (✓) on the space before the option that you have
chosen.
Name:__________________________________________________(optional)
Gender: Age:
() Male ( ) 16 – 20
() Female ( ) 21 – 30
( ) 31 – 40
( ) 41 above
Religion_____________ Civil Status
( ) Single
( ) Married
( ) Widow / Widower
Highest Educational Attainment
( ) Doctorate Graduate
( ) Doctorate Level
( ) Masters Graduate
( ) Masters Level
( ) College Graduate
( ) College Level
( ) Technical-Vocational and Livelihood
( ) High School Graduate
( ) High School Level
Humanities and Social Sciences
21
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
PART II: AWARENESS OF SOGIE BILL IN BAUANG, LA UNION.
Direction: place a check mark (✓) on the space before the option that you have
chosen
4 3 2 1
1. It will lessen the number of discriminants
2. It will give freedom to the LGBTQIA
3. LGBT+ will be more active in terms of programs in
their area.
4. It will widen the rights of LGBT+.
5. It will normalize the processing of Employment.
6. It will decrease the number of suicidal incidents
(bullying, vilification, and so on)
7. It will boost the self-steam of young LGBT member
in the school and on public places
8. Improvement of facilities for LGBT+ Like comfort
room for third gender.
9. It will lessen the victim of sexual harassment.
10. It will reorganize the community
11. Young children will adapt the gender preference of
LGBT+.
12. It will prioritize the LGBT rights not the PWDs, in
terms of public toilets
13. It will disrespect church law or religious’
law.
14. It will spend a lot of money to build third
sex comfort rooms to public areas.
4-Strongly Agree 1-Strongly Disagree
3-Agree
2-Disagree
Humanities and Social Sciences
22
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
References
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/?
fbclid=IwAR2HZNl7Ag0FY_0jdLmDR34e3S_O1Ec-
xpzYArG1_crnThv8zb8BTBy24Yc
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13642987.2016.114743
2?
fbclid=IwAR3aD9P0EANC8BsUV9qsGm_Hp097SOjZZx8Mbuv903BOfj2B
HNeg22unS_w
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/238593-timeline-sogie-
equality-philippines?
fbclid=IwAR1o9pBw0Tyz3PQbHt339wO3YeGNZRjzItW88Vd-
8D7PacbnXabd3j2wouw
https://www.undp.org/content/dam/philippines/docs/Governance/Phil
ippines?
fbclid=IwAR169xJgdZV8noW1y34U6SsfFcE3ySUYqWANG8xYO7r1xDtR
WCJPPk4I-Tc
https://www.cosmo.ph/lifestyle/sogie-bill-philippines-a613-20190919-
lfrm?fbclid=IwAR3Okc4BMng4qgZtIVqKyIbsegj1RzTbGjEEUD-
iJIjiUl_pJ27JS8YDpQo
Humanities and Social Sciences
23
La Union Colleges of Science and Technology Inc.
Central West, Bauang, La Union
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Senior High School
https://www.manilastandard.net/mobile/article/306214?
fbclid=IwAR3Okc4BMng4qgZtIVqKyIbsegj1RzTbGjEEUD-
iJIjiUl_pJ27JS8YDpQo
https://divinalaw.com/sogie-equality-bill/?
fbclid=IwAR1dv5M6UIfaY6aldeLVrA9f8uSMe3RxmEJ8XmM3cPVhDsWrX
iOIIb2zYAQ
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https%3A
%2F%2Fwww.sunstar.com.ph%2Farticle
%2F1820190&ved=2ahUKEwjKwpari5XnAhVRE4gKHRG-
CxkQFjAAegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw2RdcgA39xkWvkRSVfQu_Fk&fbclid=I
wAR2U7GN_-6aSQTkJwnD-OtBWJJ-
K2J99BXaJvECjTtlDs2iIWgHOt9mih5w
Humanities and Social Sciences
24
