KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA LALITPUR
CLASS – XII
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL EDUCATION
UNIT: 1. PLANNING IN SPORTS
TOPIC: TOURNAMENT
Prepared By:-
Dr.Arun Singh Rathore
Whatsapp: 8817692314
EMAIL: arunrathore88@gmail.Com
TOURNAMENT
It is a series of contests with several rounds in which many
contestants compete, individually or as a team to decide the
winner.
Importance of tournament:
The sportsman learns discipline by playing tournaments.
The sportsman meets other sportsman at a single platform.
He learns ethical values such as honesty, fair play, and respect for
others.
Tournament provides recreation to all, i.e. organizers, spectators,
students.
Type of tournament:
1. Knock Out: In this type of tournament, the team once defeated
gets eliminated from the tournament. Only the winning teams
contest in the next rounds. Opportunities are given to the winning
players/teams.
2. League: In single league tournament all participating teams
compete once, with each other, where as in double league, each
team play with every other team twice, without any consideration of
victory or defeat.
3. Combination Tournaments: Combination tournaments are
organized in group or zonal matches.
There are mainly four types of combination tournaments:
a. Knock out cum Knock out.
b. League cum league.
c. Knock out cum league.
d. League cum Knock out.
4. Challenge Tournament: This type of tournament comes when
there are one to one contests or there are two players on each side.
One player challenges the other and the other player accepts the
challenge. Games in which such tournaments are held include –
Boxing, Tennis, Table Tennis, Badminton etc.
Fixtures in such tournaments are decided according to:
a. Ladder Method
b. Pyramid Method
c. Cobweb Method
KNOCK OUT TOURNAMENTS
In knock out tournaments the teams which defeat once gets
automatically eliminated from the tournament.
Seeding a Team: - The sorting of the teams and fitting them in
the fixtures so that the stronger teams do not meet each other in
earlier rounds is known as Seeding. This method is good if we
know the real strong teams. The organizers should find out the
real strong teams from the previous tournaments or old records
figure starting a new tournament.
Bye
The advantage given to a team usually by drawing a lot and
exempting it from playing a match in the first round is known as
Bye. These are given to a specific number of teams in the first
round. The number of byes is decided by subtracting the number
of teams from the next higher number which is in power of two’s
(2n).
Formula: [ 2n - No of teams]
The procedure of giving byes is as follows:
The first bye is given to last team of lower half.
The second bye is given to first team of upper half.
The third bye is given to first team of lower half
The fourth bye if given to last team of upper half.
The next bye or byes will be given in the same order as described
above.
Advantages of knock out tournament:
These are less expensive.
It requires less time to complete the tournament.
Minimum no. of officials is required.
Disadvantages of knock out tournament:
There are many chances of elimination of good teams in
preliminary rounds.
There are many chances of weak teams to enter in the final round.
Spectators may not have enough interest in the final round.
Methods of Preparing Fixtures for Knock-out Tournaments:-
1. Total number of teams participating in the tournament.
2. Total number of matches to be played in the tournament.
Formula for calculating total number of matches is n-1, where n
is the total number of teams participating in the tournament.
3. Total number of rounds played in the tournament depends upon
two things:-
(i) The number of teams playing in the tournament.
(ii) The higher nearest number from the total number of teams of
power of two’s = 2n
4. Method of determining the number of teams in upper half and lower
half:-
(i) If the number of teams is even, then equal number of teams will be
divided in both halves i.e. n/2, where n is the total number of teams.
(ii) If the number of teams is odd, the following method is applied:
Number of teams in upper half = (n+1)/2, where n = number of
teams.
Number of teams in lower half = (n-1)/2, where n = number of teams
5. The number of byes in knock-out tournament are decided by
subtracting total number of teams from the next higher nearest number
in power of two’s (2n ).
LEAGUE TOURNAMENT
Single League Double League
Single League Tournament : In this type of tournament each
team plays with every other team once.
Double League Tournament: Each team plays with every other
team twice if it is a double league tournament.
Method to draw the fixture in league tournament:-
Cyclic method :- In cyclic method, if the number of teams is in
even number, the team number 1 is fixed on the top of right hand
side and then other team numbers in ascending order
consecutively downward and then upward on the left hand side
and then from the next round teams will rotate in clockwise
direction. If the number of teams is odd then the bye is fixed on
the top of right hand side and rest of the procedure will remain
same. If the number of team is even number than number of
rounds will be (N-1). If the number of teams is odd number then
number of rounds will be equal to number of teams.
Stair-case Method: In stair-case method, the fixtures are made
just like a ladder or a stair- case. In this method, no bye is given
to any team and there is no problem of even or odd number of
teams.
Tabular Method: In tabular method, the fixtures are made just
like row and table. In this method, bye will be given to odd
number of team.
