Machine Design and CAD-II

PBL Assignment

A Review of International Design

Standards: History and Impact

Syed Irfan Shah

2016-ME-81
Syed Irfan Shah PBL Assignment 2016-ME-81

Contents
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 2
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 2
2. International Organization of Standardization ........................................................................ 3
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 History .............................................................................................................................. 4
2.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering .................................................................. 4
3. American National Standards Institute .................................................................................... 4
3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 History .............................................................................................................................. 5
3.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering .................................................................. 5
4. British Standards...................................................................................................................... 5
4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5
4.2 History .............................................................................................................................. 6
4.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering .................................................................. 6
5. German Institute for Standardization Standards ...................................................................... 6
5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 6
5.2 History .............................................................................................................................. 7
5.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering .................................................................. 7
6. Japanese Industrial Standards .................................................................................................. 7
6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 7
6.2 History .............................................................................................................................. 8
6.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering .................................................................. 8
7. Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority ................................................................. 8
7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 8
7.2 History .............................................................................................................................. 9
7.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering 9
8. International Design Standards for Bearing ............................................................................ 9
9. International Design Standards for Gears .............................................................................. 10
10. Impact of Design Standards on Quality of Product ........................................................... 11
11. Impact of Design Standards on Quality of Life ................................................................. 12
12. Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 12
References ..................................................................................................................................... 13

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A Review of International Design Standards: History and Impact

Abstract
The use of measures in industry and trade is very important for the start of the industrial revolution
and for the needs of minimal engineers and exchangeable sectors. Henri Model pointed out the
first mechanisms for placing machine guns, which would take care of the screwdriver of
screwdriver systems for real time. Obtaining a modest job and various building commitments to
make a considerable industrialization assessment. Models in the entire world are a method for the
development of specific obstacles in international trade, which is different from specific guidelines
and measures are independently and independently by each country, by the National Guides
Association. Special constraints When the separate meetings are gathered, each conducts some of
the key tasks done with the Central Client Centre, which is generally contradictory between them.
Creation of international guidelines is a way to compete or defeat this issue. (Antaris 2016)
There are designing standards that are currently working around the world. These standards
produce productive processes, quality and safety requirements of all products are currently
available for industrial or individual use. The current work focuses on identifying international
standards that are currently used, their presence is in existence and the impact of these standards
is in our lives. We will examine how and when these standards are, the general objectives and
some of their standards. We aim to improve the quality of our lives through some examples related
to the latest standard products of our products. These designing standards are very useful on the
industrial level as well as in marketing. When we make the standards then we can also differentiate
between their properties. And when we go to market to buy products we can identify the product
of our choice by these kind of design standards. (Dankers 2014)

1. Introduction
We use standard or case to correct or correct our product or system. Models offer arguments to
present new developments and developments and ensure that the goods, sections and agencies that
are provided by communities are usually perfect. The standards also collect information to small
enterprises that create a part for the parenting industry or provide services to parents' industries, so
that their services, components, materials, activities and procedures are shared with each other.
We may say that standardization or quality standards are between industry, organizations,
providers, government buyers' customers, analysts or various meetings that are eager to improve
particular decisions with the idea of taking into account science. Volunteer cooperation.
Basification (standardization) has been announced in the month as a progressive development has
led to any obstacle between research and market and access to European and international markets
in rapid and simple exchange to research results. Help. Identification team recognizes it - An
ongoing report shows the FP6 and FP7 investors around 73% of 73% (73%) in their previous tasks
that they will once again reply to the institutionalization.
In this assignment, we will study the standards that are currently accepted throughout the world
and are based on other standard systems. Standards and quality control management (PSQCA) are

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our main concern. We will give each of them a brief identity, their original (and when established),
they are the point of view. They work, how they work).
We standardize our lives every day, standard offices we are constantly. They help us to maintain
security, to improve and further legitimize community and services activities. Configuring
guarantees that union goods, agencies and processors are convinced to use estimates. It assures
that the goods, agencies and strategies of the union are accurate and inadequate. There are different
types of gadgets in the word. Paper, curtains, dresses, wheels of machine parts, shaped patches,
mugs, gears, shafts, vehicle shapes and shapes, oils, and all that we use during our day and day
Know and manufacture. By standard. All types of collection, development, establishment and
maintenance are organized by the standard. Additionally, use of gas, work framework, hardware,
workforce, and the necessary guidelines. When we use the guidelines, we limit the changes that
are manufactured throughout the world and introduce national standards to be marketable.
Standards are an important part of our daily life, almost everyone else and what we have purchased
is one in accordance with one or another criteria. But we do not know anything about this quality,
such as standards. Why do we need quality? What is this? What will happen if we do not make
standards? Are they really in reality? Is our lives related to them? And the list is also on. If we do
not know that these benefits benefit our lives, we will not say that we are fully employed and get
the best results from them. (Dankers 2014)
The purpose of this article is to use standards to easily improve our lives and make certain criteria
that have actually differentiated. We had concluded that without any quality our life was
completely different (in fact it would be a good word to describe it worse), we will not get the
relationship between the different parts of the wall if any part of the unseen standards.

2. International Organization of Standardization

2.1 Introduction
The Establishment of Internationalization of Internationalization was established on February 23,
1947 and from 162 countries. It is actually a non-governmental and independent organization and
is the world's highest international and global formulas formulating around 20,000 standards
worldwide, and these standards include manufacturing products and technology. Security of food,
health care and agricultural standards also.
The Globalization International (ISO) is a global standard system developed from representatives
of various national standards. This organization enhances ownership, industrial and commercial
standards throughout the world. This department is in Sweden, and is in Sweden It works in 162
countries. It is one of the first organizations to set up a general consultative situation of the United
Nations Economic and Social Council.
It collects all world-class experts from understanding their favorite, market-market international
standards. And develop the development that provides solutions for international challenges. They
use products, services and systems. It guarantees security, quality and ability through international
social specifications. They provide their customers' protection and their products safeguards and
they ensure that certified and certified products comply with at least the standards at international
level. (forum 2019)

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2.2 History
This is the first time the International Federation of ISO standardization federations is a summary.
The name is given during World War II. After science.gov, together with the Islamic Republic of
Islam and the Islamic Republic joined hands together and turned to the international organizations
for the Islamic Republic of Standards. This organization has functioned correctly in the year 1947.
We can say that the United Nations Standards Coordination Committee has a great deal to
standardize the international community and it was due to their proposal that the organization was
held. (Revision) In the first instance, when UNOSC and ISA were transferred to UNOS in return
to the UNOS, the new number rose to 162 countries.
The ISI was founded on February 23, 1947, but was initially recognized as the National Standards
Association of International Standards (ISA). It was suspended in 1942 in the international war,
but after the war United Nations Standards Coordination. The Committee (UNSCC) contacted the
GIRA proposal to establish a new foundation of international standards. It was in 1946 when the
United Nations and UNSCC representatives visited London and decided that the international
community. The standard is created for standardization.
The ISO is derived from Greece 'Asus', which means equality - whatever is every country,
whatever is a language, and it is always ISO. (forum 2019)
2.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering
ISO 10285/-2007
ISO 4863/-1984
ISO 4468/-2009

3. American National Standards Institute

3.1 Introduction
The U.S. National Standards Institute or ANSI Summary is a personal and non-profit organization
that oversees the development of volunteering agreement standards in the United States, services,
processes, frameworks and colleges. Sactivewear uses and sells products throughout the world to
gain a lot of benefits, they coordinate with the International Organization of Standardization. The
office of this agency is in the Washington office and at the office in which all the operations are
conducted in New York. ANSI assures that their products are balanced and reliable for their
customers and they are more confident in the whole world.
The United States National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a non-profit organization that oversees
volunteer agreement standards for the products, services, processes, systems and personnel in the
United States. US Standards with international standards through the ANSI Coordinated by US
products worldwide. The standards set by the ANSI assures that people use the same definitions
and conditions as to how product characteristics and functionality will continue.
Institutes have approximately 1000 companies, Organizations, government agencies,
organizational and international members represent this office in New York City And, in
Washington's DC office, Washington DC. (Website 2019)

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3.2 History
The U.S. National Standards Institute (ANSI) was originally established in 1918. (Hero) was first
named as American Engineer Standards Committee (AESC) as it was founded by five engineers
and three government agencies. American Engineer Standards Committee was finally recognized
in 1928 and then became US Standards Association (ASA). In the past, in 1966, the Asian
Development Bank was identified and the United States Standards Institute showed. (USASI).
(issuu.com) in 1969, this name was changed to the US Standards National Institute (ANSI).
In 1916, Power Engineers American Institute (now IEEE) American Mechanical Engineers
(ASME), Civil Engineers, American Society (ASCE), Mining and Mine Engineer Engineers
(AIME) American society and gave the invitation of the American Society of Testing of ASTM
International prohibits disclosure of national consolidation standards, and acceptable user
participation in coordinating the development of national institutions. These five organizations,
which were themselves members of the United States Engineer (UES), then invited the United
States war, navy, and business managers to join them as the founders of the United States.
3.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering
For example ANSI / AGMA 6032-B13 Quality for marine gear unit: Sterling and optical gesture
grade and application.
ANSI/AGMA ISO 23509-B17
ANSI B4.1 - 1967(1979), R1974

4. British Standards

4.1 Introduction
British standards are the national standards of British production and establishment by the BSI
Group or the British Standards Institute. (Wikivisually) The British Standard Institute's basic
functionality is widely involved in the quality of products and services, as well as providing
certificates and standard services to people engaged in business. A memorandum was announced
in 2002 and then British standards have been clearly defined. British standards have a strong
resistance with American standards.
BSI is a non-profit distribution organization and offers international service services based on
standardization, system evaluation, product verification, training, and consultative services.
The British Standards Foundation (BSI) was established in 1901 as the Committee of Engineering
Standards. A Royal Charter was introduced in 1929, with the goals and goals of the organization:
 Business growth
 Deficit waste
 Consumer protection

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British quality standards require the required requirements for the product. Which is known as
quality product. The British standard accounting is widely considered as a sign-in mark and signed
with Lieutenant. (Committee 2019)
4.2 History
The BSI or the British Standard Institute was first set up in 1901 and it was originally
commissioned as a committee of engineering standards and this leadership was led by James
Managing. It was originally created to standardize the font number and use of the folders. It
performs all the products efficiently and competitively. As development progress deepened in
engineering and they standardize engineer products throughout the world.
The BSI Group was started under the chairmanship of the James Standards committee in 0101,
which led to the James Mansion, standardizing the number and form of the folder to make more
effective and competitive than the British factory.
In 1918, he completed the standardization of the British Institute of Quality Standards. It received
Royal Chartter in 1929, and later changed its name to the British Standards Institute in 1931. After
Charter's review in 1998, the organization got other business associations, and the business name
changed to the BSI group. This group is currently working in 182 countries. (Committee 2019)
4.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering
BS 292-1: 1982
BS ISO 492: 2014
BS 78-2/-1965
BS 84
BS 499-2C/-1999

5. German Institute for Standardization Standards

5.1 Introduction
The German Institute for Standard Standards, in fact, is known as the DIN, which is short for the
discovery of transformation. There are no den dances. If the DIN ends with V, then the standard
work is done. These standards have not been published yet due to some government arguments.
Deutsches Institut for Normung eV. (DIN; In Germany, German Institute for Standardization) is
the German National Agency for Standardization. It is the member of the German ISO of
Germany. DIN is located in Berlin City. Currently there are around 30,000 standard standards
that cover almost every technology technology.
DIN (German Institute for Standardization) enhances many government and public sector
standards such as quality assurance, consumption efficiency, environmental protection (one of the
key components) and the area related to science and technology. (Committee 2019)
These standards are organizations based on the security, minimal performance, and quality
expectations and you can:
 Reduce the risk

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 Developing marketing
 Growth mediation
5.2 History
DIN was established in 1917 and in 1007, she celebrated the 100 year anniversary.) DIN (DIN,
the German Institute, independent stage for fundamental in Germany and the world for
standardization. The one for the industry As a result, research and the whole community are not
an important role in preparing for the acquisition of the DIN market, for example, industry 4.0 and
smart cities. 32,000 experts from industry, questions regarding, customer insurance and the
population of the general population expands their ability to work overseas oversight by the DIN.
These efforts are an exaggerated steps and events. In addition to world change, strengthening
consent, quality certification and ecological assurance and enhancing security and stability.
(NADI, "The Commission for Industry"), is called NADI ("Quality Committee of Germany") in
1926). In 1975 it again reversed 'DIN' and national- quality standards. DIN represents the interests
of Germany at the European and European levels. One of the best, and best, is the DIN 476 - the
standard that introduced the A-Series series sequence in 1922 - was adopted as the international
standard ISO 216 in 1975. (Committee 2019)
5.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering
DIN 13-1
DIN 267-2
DIN 13-11

6. Japanese Industrial Standards

6.1 Introduction
Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), a Japan-based institutional organization, covers
extensive items and initiatives from robots and painters in the construction of norms in Japan.
JISC International Standards (ISO) and International Technology Technologies Japan's
commitment to Japan's commitment to working with the IEC (Committees).
The Association of Japan's Current Standards Association was formed after the removal of Japan
in the World War 1945. Japan's Industrial Standards Guidelines were announced in 1946, the
Japanese Instructions (JES). The Industrial Standards Act was adopted in 1949, which shows legal
legitimacy for Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS).
Industry standards of Japan) JIS (The criteria states that are used for all kinds of industrial activities
in Japan. The Japanese Industrial Standards Committee) JISC (coordinates of standard processes
and publishes the Japan Standards Association) JSA. (In Many committees of JISC in all countries
are used to standardize Japan).
JIS covers industrial and minerals products, which are compared to standards for different needs
by different industrial ally. In similar industrial sector companies. The need for general actions is
to establish the industrial community standards, and thus to establish JIS.(Committee 2019)

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6.2 History
During the Meiji period, private proceedings had the responsibility to establish principles based
on principle, the Japanese government's goals and achievements for data collection purposes, for
example, weapons. It was introduced in 1921 to the standard (Old Japanese Engineer Quality)
(JES) framework. During the Second World War, unrecognized instructions were encountered
with increasing productivity. (Japanese Industrial Standards Committee 2019)
The Industrial Standards Act was completed in 2004 and changed the "JIS Stamp" (Verification
Certification Framework). From October 1, 2005, the JIS new check is encrypted with the re-
verification. The use of the previous storage period is three years development period (September
2008 to September 30), and every employee receives new procurement or review-over review is
capable of using JIS's new check by experts. Thus, See the Japanese item approved by JIS from
JIS New Check from October 1, 2008.
Regardless of the period, although the government had a number of standards, many standards
were created by private organizations. All these standards came together and in 1921, they
formulated the formal standard (old) Japanese Engineer standard (JES) format. Japan's current
standards have lost Japan in the World War 1945. After the Committee of Japanese Industrial
Standards. The laws were published in 1946, Japan's Standards (New JES) was created. For
Japanese Industrial Standards Actual Law (JIS) approved the laws of industrial standards in 1949.
(Japanese Industrial Standards Committee 2019)
6.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering
JIS B 0123:1999
JIS B 0205-3:2001
JIS B 0143:2013

7. Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority

7.1 Introduction
PSQCA is one of the Global International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO has a
national standard system. These individuals have a standard in their countries. Every part about
the nation that has national standards in this country Talks in ISO. Mutual fields or organizations
can’t develop based on the statement of ISO for the creation of ISO Individuals.
The Pakistani government has an individual's personalized ISO with ISO and other international
laws / treaties. Agree that the International Government of Standardization (ISO), the International
Electricity Commission (IEC), is made by the Pakistan government, the Legal Methodology
(OIML) WTO.
"The Pakistan Standards and Quality Control) PSQCA (Pakistan is a part of the body, the Ministry
of Science and Technology. The main objective is to implement quality management standards in
Pakistan. (Authority 2019)
Management consists of the following four departments it is:
 Quality Development Center

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 Quality Control Center

 Technical Services Center
 System Verification Center
PSQCA is the leader of the following international organizations:
 Globalization of International Organization
 International Electricity Technology
 International Trade Organization of International Law
 Organization IECEE / CEE "
7.2 History
Pakistan's PSQCA Law 1996 governs Pakistan's standards and quality control, under the control
of the Ministry of Science and Technology as Pakistan's National Standards. PSQCA activities
have started their first-ever funded organization since December 2012, PSQCA Act VI of 1996
and the activities done by PSQCA in the form of a 143 and 70 (4) Federal Law List entry number
03.03, 32, Section 39,54 and 59 I and Internet No. 6,12 and 15F Section II, the constitution of the
Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973. Above all, the international activities and the Pakistani
government's contract with WTO and ISO Done. PSQCA and Pakistan government have approved
ISO standards of 22070 and have prepared 8857 Pakistan standards. Food standards are
coordinated with the Codex Ultraism Commission and are known as WHO. These standards are
food items and related products. The Pakistan government needs 109 products, out of which 38
foods are required. (Authority 2019)
PSQCA started 1/12/2000 jobs. These are as follows:
1. Quality Development Center (SDC)
2. Quality Control Center (QCC)
3. Technical Services Center (TSC)
PSQCA has received a National Question Point (NEP) position for Pakistan.
PSQCA was appointed the Central Point for World Trade Organization (WTO) to eliminate
technical barriers for business by the NEP (TBT) central business from 12.02.1998).
7.3 Standards related to Mechanical Engineering
PS: 343
PS: 231
PS: 16124

8. International Design Standards for Bearing

Every international organization has digital standards. Quality Standards for Works, Consumption,
Content and More in these Standards. Information about ISO standards of Japan standards, ASME,
ASTM standards. (Shop 2019)

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Standards for bearings

STANDARD Description
2016/F2162 - 01 For the bearing, this standard is without the inner ring, open/closed end type

2016/F2163 - 01 For the bearing, inner type and with outer ring
2013/F2246 - 06 For the bearing, roller type and with thick outer ring etc.
2013/F2430 - 04 For the bearing(assembly type)
2012/F2431 - 04 For the ring bearing, inner with open ring type
2013/F2590 - 06 For the bearing: roller and thrust type

2013/F2591 - 06 For the bearing: roller and tapered type (Metric type series)

9. International Design Standards for Gears

Every kind of international organization has valuable standards for their brands. Hence they
make their marketing more fruitful. Some of ISO standards for gears are given: (standards 2019)

ISO Metric gear standards

Standard Description
1974/ISO 53: Design standard for rack and pinion gear
1977/ISO 54: Standard for diametral pitches and modules
1978/ISO 677: Standard for straight bevel gears
1978/ISO 678: Straight bevel general gears
1978/ISO 701: Symbolic notation for geometric data
1983/ISO 1122-1: Standard for the geometric terms definitions
1975/ISO 1328: Parallel type involute gears
1976/ISO 1340: Cylindrical gears type standard

Great British Metric gear standards

Standard Description
BS 2062 Pt1 Specification for the gear hobs –Inclusive properties
BS 2062 Pt2 Specification for the gear hobs –Reduction properties

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BS 2518 Pt1 Specification for the gear cutters–Diametral pitch specifications

BS 2518 Pt2 Specification for the gear cutters –Metric module
BS 2519 Pt1 Glossary for the gears –Geometrical terms definitions.
BS 2519 Pt2 Glossary for the gears –Symbolic notation.
BS 2697 Specification for the gear cutters: Rack type gear
BS 3027 Specification for the worm gear units: Dimensionally
BS 3696 Pt1 Specification for Spur and helical gears
BS 4517 Metric series of spur and helical gear
BS 4582 Pt1 Fine class pitch gears
BS 4582 Pt2 Fine class pitch gears
BS 5221 Specifications for general gears
BS 5246 Specifications for the pinion type: Metric series of module
BS 6168 Specification for the non-metallic type spur gears

Other Metric gear standards

Standard Description
1963/AS B 62 Bevel type gears
1966/AS B 66 Worm type gears (inch series)
1966/AS B 214 Geometric dimensions for worm type gears units
1966/AS B 217 Nomenclature for gearing
1970/AS B 1637 Symbolic notation for gear

10. Impact of Design Standards on Quality of Product

The help of international standards help in strengthening the rights of essential shops, for example,
the privileges and privilege of security, which in 1962, have been their birthplace at the former US
President John F. Kennedy Presentation. Affiliate, International Consumer. Norms Other
Additional Assistance Security Store Requirements (Provided to United Nations Guidelines for
Protective Consumer Protection) By Value, Goodness, Quality, Effectiveness and Compatibility -
They can be a successful tool to ensure that the shop is successful. Because they may be able to
engage in national enforcement and approval plans. They can be able to conduct business and
apply best practices for prosecution (ISO). (Bartleson 2013)
How do measurements help us?

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What steps can help include measures to make specific needs and customer concerns about how
previously paid. Because customers can make other criteria, especially in partnership with the
terms or guidelines, to determine how businesses and businesses are created, the standards can
encourage goods and organizations to make such guidelines as customers' instructions. Continue.
Steps can be included in the requirements or tips:
This policy allows further promotion for mechanical development and development.
How do the models encourage marketing?
Some of the cases under the case are how the main risks or related to consumer goods and
organizations - and the cases of national or international models about these issues.

11. Impact of Design Standards on Quality of Life

Quality of life (QOL) is an important term for quality in different parts of life. This is a standard
level that is expected to be an individual or community for a better and better life. These results
are guided by values, goals, and social-cultural conditions that live in an individual. This is a
subject, a multi-dimensional idea that appreciates the standard level for emotions, physical,
material and social prosperity. It works as a reference that an individual or a community can
measure different stages of their lives. The extent that a person lives with its standardized standard
level, it is the degree of satisfaction that this area satisfies and helps with a loyal Lord, is the
satisfaction of life.
Life quality is a general public of individuals and communities, describes the negative and positive
characteristics of life. It is welcomed by the satisfaction of physical health, family, education,
jobs, property, and security, freedom of security, religious beliefs and environment. QOL has
many different features, including international development, health, politics, and employment
components. It is not important to associate QOL with the latest development zone QOL. HRQOL
evaluation is effectively evaluating its relationship with QOL and Health.
Life quality should not be unusual with the idea of living standards, which is basically based on
revenue. (Wiley 2015)

12. Discussion
In this work, we learn about different types of standards and organizations that clear the standards.
Standards play an important role in their lives. They spend and save costs and contain materials
and improve our product. It adds the age of the product. If we do not use the standards or produce
our products without standards, it may probably fail or can’t mark its mark in the market. If a
product is in accordance with the standards, it will mark its market as soon as possible.
The standards are completely and are considered as an important factor in economics, promoting
the trade relations. (Antaris 2016)

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References
1. Antaris. (2016). "Discussion/conclusion." Retrieved 09/03/2019, from
https://antarisconsulting.wordpress.com/2016/09/14/the-history-of-iso-standards/.
2. Authority, P. (2019). "History." Retrieved 04/03/2019, from http://www.psqca.com.pk/.
3. Bartleson, K. (2013). Retrieved 09/03/2019, from
https://www.electronicdesign.com/communications/10-standards-organizations.
4. Committee, B. (2019). "History." Retrieved 09/03/209, from https://www.bsigroup.com/en-
GB/standards/.
5. Committee, D. (2019). "History." Retrieved 04/03/2019, from https://www.din.de/en/about-
standards.
6. Committee, j. I. S. (2019). "Introduction." Retrieved 04/03/2019, from http://www.jisc.go.jp/eng/.
7. Dankers, C. (2014). "Introduction." Retrieved 03/03/2019, from http://www.fao.org/3/a-
i3682e.pdf.
8. forum, I. (2019). "History." Retrieved 03/03/2019, from https://www.iso.org/standards.html.
9. Japanese Industrial Standards Committee. (2019). "History." Retrieved 2/03/2019, from
http://www.jisc.go.jp/eng/.
10. Shop, B. (2019). "Standard for bearings." Retrieved 04/03/2019, from
https://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000000077103.
11. standards, I. (2019). "Gears Standards Study." Retrieved 08/03/2019, from
http://www.tandwiel.info/en/gears/international-standards/.
12. Website, A. (2019). "American Standards." Retrieved 24/02/2019, from https://webstore.ansi.org/.
13. Wiley. (2015). "Quality of life." Retrieved 09/03/2019, from
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2753.2000.00238.x.

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