MEL 609: Solar Thermal

Engineering

1
 Households
with ACs
(2007)

USA: 87%
Brazil: 11%
India: 2%

Source: Indian Express, 21-Aug-2012 (page 15). 2

Power Blackouts
Jul 30 & 31, 2012

3
Source: Visible Earth, NASA (2002). http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=64074 4
 Annual Cooling Degree Days

Source: Michael Sivak, University of Michigan 5

 Energy Consumption (per Capita) 2011

(in Toe)
Conversion factors
1 Toe (Tonne oil equivalent) = 4.26 × 10-8 EJ (Exajoules) = 42.6 GJ = 11800 kWh
1 EJ = 1018 J
Source: Statistical Review of World Energy, BP, 2012.
http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_en
ergy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2012.pdf 6
 World: Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES)
Mtoe

Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) - Key World Energy Statistics, 2012.
7
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/kwes.pdf.
 World: Fuel Shares of TPES

Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) - Key World Energy Statistics, 2012.
8
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/kwes.pdf.
 Producers, net exporters and net importers of
crude oil

Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) - Key World Energy Statistics, 2012.
9
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/kwes.pdf.
 Major Oil Trade Movements

Source: Statistical Review of World Energy, BP, 2012.

http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_en
ergy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2012.pdf 10
 Producers, net exporters and net importers of
natural gas

Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) - Key World Energy Statistics, 2012.
11
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/kwes.pdf.
Producers, net exporters and net importers of coal

Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) - Key World Energy Statistics, 2012.
12
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/kwes.pdf.
 World: Electricity Generation by Fuel
Twh

Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) - Key World Energy Statistics, 2012.
13
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/kwes.pdf.
 Energy Consumption (USA)

Source: Tester et al., Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options, 2005, MIT Press, PHI Learning
14
Private Limited.
Source: Statistical Review of World Energy, BP, 2012.
http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_en
ergy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2012.pdf 15
 Energy Sources & Conversion Processes

Source: Tester et al., Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options, 2005, MIT Press, PHI Learning
16
Private Limited.
 The Energy Lifecycle

Energy Lifecycle
• Exploration & discovery of
primary source
• Production or harvesting
the energy
• Preparation, transport
and/or storage
• Further processing,
purification, conversion
• Utilization
• Recovery, destruction or
decontamination, waste
handling

Source: Tester et al., Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options, 2005, MIT Press, PHI Learning
17
Private Limited.
 1999 Per Capita Average Energy Use

Source: U. S. Energy Information Administration.

18
http://www.eia.gov/
 Energy Use Per Capita (per year) Vs. GDP

Source: U. S. Energy Information Administration, 2003.

19
http://www.eia.gov/
 Proven Reserves & R/P (years)

( R/P  Ratio of prove reserves to production. )

Source: Tester et al., Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options, 2005, MIT Press, PHI Learning
20
Private Limited.
 World Production of Oil & Gas

Source: Godfrey Boyle, Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future, 2nd ed., 2004, Oxford
21
University Press.
 Comparison of estimate with actual (US)

US Oil Production US Natural Gas Production

Hubbert Curve(s)

Source: Tester et al., Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options, 2005, MIT Press, PHI Learning
22
Private Limited.
 Domestic Consumption and Production of
Crude Oil (India)

Source: Integrated Energy Policy 2006 [Planning Commission, India]

23
http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/rep_intengy.pdf
 Growth of Motorized Transport Vehicles (India)

Source: Integrated Energy Policy 2006 [Planning Commission, India]

24
http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/rep_intengy.pdf
 Comparison of forecasts with actual (oil production)

Source: Tester et al., Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options, 2005, MIT Press, PHI Learning
25
Private Limited.
 Impact on Environment
Ecological Footprint

Source: WWF, Living Planet Report

26
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/living_planet_report/
Source: Global Footprint Network
27
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/world_footprint/
 Number of Planet Earths

Source: Global Footprint Network

28
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/world_footprint/
 Ecological Footprint (Countries)

Source: Global Footprint Network

29
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/world_footprint/
 Footprint comparison

India

USA

Source: Global Footprint Network

30
http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/world_footprint/
http://www.earthday.org/footprint-calculator

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32