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Quantum 3

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes physical phenomena at microscopic scales, differing from classical physics through concepts like quantization and wave-particle duality. It emerged from the need to explain observations that classical physics could not, with significant contributions from scientists like Max Planck and Albert Einstein. The modern formulation of quantum mechanics utilizes mathematical functions, such as the wave function, to convey probabilities of various physical properties.

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56 views1 page

Quantum 3

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes physical phenomena at microscopic scales, differing from classical physics through concepts like quantization and wave-particle duality. It emerged from the need to explain observations that classical physics could not, with significant contributions from scientists like Max Planck and Albert Einstein. The modern formulation of quantum mechanics utilizes mathematical functions, such as the wave function, to convey probabilities of various physical properties.

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quantum mechanics as an approximation valid at large (macroscopic) scale.

[3] Quantum mechanics
differs from classical physics in that energy, momentum, angular momentum, and other quantities of
a bound system are restricted to discrete values (quantization), objects have characteristics of
both particles and waves (wave-particle duality), and there are limits to how accurately the value of a
physical quantity can be predicted prior to its measurement, given a complete set of initial conditions
(the uncertainty principle).[note 1]
Quantum mechanics arose gradually, from theories to explain observations which could not be
reconciled with classical physics, such as Max Planck's solution in 1900 to the black-body
radiation problem, and the correspondence between energy and frequency in Albert Einstein's 1905
paper which explained the photoelectric effect. Early quantum theory was profoundly re-conceived in
the mid-1920s by Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born and others. The modern theory
is formulated in various specially developed mathematical formalisms. In one of them, a
mathematical function, the wave function, provides information about the probability amplitude of
energy, momentum, and other physical properties of a particle.

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