International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 14 2018, 827-830

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu

   
REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER BY ADSORPTION USING
COCONUTSHELL AND PALMSHELL

L.Soundari1 , A.Agilan2 , K.Rajarajan3.

1,2,3
Department Of Civil Engineering, IFET College Of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract (VI) is profoundly cancer-causing and mutagenic because

of its high oxidative character. So we can using activated
Nowadays, water quality has become the popular issue as carbon to removal of chromium by using coconut and
best quality water is needed for their daily lives. There are palm shell powder.Chromium is a chemical element
many types of treatment to improve water quality and one having atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group
of them is by using activated carbon. Prepared by using 6. The characteristics are gray in color, lustrous, hard and
coconut shell and palm shell powdered as adsorbent. High brittle metal which takes a highly shining, resists
amount of heavy metal ions like chromium (Cr) in the tarnishing, and has a high melting point.The activated
environment has been harmful for animal and human charcoal as adsorbent to used in the chromium removal of
health. If we talk about tannery and chemical industries it the industrial waste water and it is highly to removing of
is quite easily contain chromium in the waste water. So heavy metals in the adsoption process than other charcoal.
removal of chromium (Cr) from tannery wastes is
important Here we used adsorption method for removal of 1.1 Objective
chromium The concentration of Cr was determined by
atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) through The main objectives of this study are:
absorbance of the solution or sample. Removal of Cr was
found to be dependent on pH and absorbance value Hence, 1. To produce activated carbon from coconut shell and
in this study the efficiency of activated charcoal powder palm shell.
to removal Cr from chromium solution is investigated. 2. To determine the effectiveness of activated carbon
The results of this study proved that activated charcoal using coconut shell and palm shell.
powder can be used to remove chromium (Cr) from
tannery effluent. 3.To added in charcoal in waste water.
Keywords- Activated charcoal, adsorption, chromium 4.To choose the most suitable and effective characteristics
removal. of activated carbon from coconut shell and palm shell as
wastewater pollutant removal.
1. Introduction
1.2 Chromium
Industries like leather, textile etc. are having huge
importance in the manufacturing of basic need. This is Chromium is a chemical element having atomic number
good but our prime concern is the waste water coming out 24. It is the first element in Group 6. The characteristics
of these tannery industries. are gray in color, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which
takes a highly shining, resists tarnishing, and has a high
Waste water contain chromium and water contamination melting point. Chromium is an individual from the move
by chromium and its mixes are harmful, which are being metals, in gathering 6. Chromium (0) has an electronic
blended with regular water from a mixed bag of modern design ,inferable from the lower vitality of the high turn
effluents. It is toxic to the point that it prompts liver harm, setup. Chromium displays an extensive variety of
pneumonic, Congestion, edema and reasons skin conceivable oxidation states, where the +3 state is most
disturbance and results in ulcer arrangement. The steady vivaciously; the +3 and +6 states are most generally
Concentration of Cr in industrial wastewater was found in seen in chromium mixes, though the +1, +4 and +5 states
the range of 0.5 mg/L to 270000 mg/L. The tolerance limit are uncommon. Chromium (VI) mixes are intense
for the discharge of Cr (VI) into inland surface water is oxidants at low or impartial pH. Hexavalent chromium is
0.1mg/L and in potable water it is 0.05 mg/L . Chromium more dangerous.
exists in the earth in two oxidation states i.e. Cr (VI) and
Cr(III). Cr (III) is a supplement species utilized for control
of Glucose and lipid digestion system in films, while Cr

  

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1.3 Adsorption is in some cases substituted with dynamic. Because of its
high level of micro porosity, only one gram of enacted
Adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or fluid carbon has a surface zone in overabundance of 500 m2, as
solute gathers on the surface strong or a fluid (adsorbent), dictated by gas adsorption. An actuation level adequate for
shaping an atomic or nuclear film (the adsorbate). It is helpful application may be accomplished singularly from
unique in relation to assimilation, in which a substance high surface zone; be that as it may, further concoction
diffuses into a fluid or strong to frame an answer. The term treatment regularly upgrades adsorption properties.
sorption includes both procedures, while desorption is the Enacted carbon is typically gotten from charcoal and,
opposite procedure. Adsorption is agent in most common progressively, high-porosity bio char. Enacted carbon is
physical, organic, and synthetic frameworks, and is created in most created in large rage. It is one of the
broadly utilized as a part of modern applications, for strongest adsorbents known and has surface territories that
example, enacted charcoal, manufactured gums and water can achieve 1500 m2/g. The exceptionally permeable
cleaning. Like surface pressure, adsorption is a result of carbon is created financially in the created world through
surface vitality. In a mass material, all the holding a conventional steam initiation process. Unfortunately,
necessities (ionic, covalent or metallic) of the constituent such a fantastic enacted carbon obliges pyrolysis
molecules of the material are filled. Anyway, molecules temperatures of more or less 800 to 1000°C. This
on the (clean) surface experience a bond lack, on the temperature reach is infeasible utilizing the innovations
grounds that they are not entirely encompassed by promptly accessible as a part of the creating scene on a
different iotas.Therefore it is vigorously great for them to little scale. On the other hand, enacted carbon can be
bond with whatever happens to be accessible. The careful created through synthetic enactment of charcoal. The
way of the holding relies on upon the points of interest of source and nature of the carbon may assume a part in the
the species included, yet the adsorbed material is for the quality and consistency of initiated carbon created, yet to
most part delegated 10 showing physisorption or lessen biological effect, nearby farming waste
chemisorption process. Physisorption can also called repercussions can be utilized as a substitution as a part of
physical adsorption is a kind of adsorption in which the the actuated carbon creation process.
adsorbate holds fast to the surface just through Van der
Waals (frail intermolecular) collaborations, which are 2. Methodalogy
additionally in charge of the non-perfect conduct of
genuine gasses. Chemisorption is a sort of adsorption 1) Collection of material like coconut shell and palm
whereby an atom sticks to a surface through the shell.
development of acompound bond, instead of the Van der 2) Powdered preparation of coconut and palm shell.
Waals strengths which cause physisorption. Adsorption is 3) Activated carbon preparation using coconut and
normally depicted through isotherms, that is, capacities palm shell powder.
which unite the measure of adsorbate on the adsorbent, 4) Preparation of standard chromium solution.
with its weight (if gas) or fixation (if fluid). One can 5) Testing of chromium using activated carbon in
discover in writing a few models portraying methodology atomic absorption spectroscopy.
of adsorption, to be specific, Langmuir, BET and 6) Result and discussion.
Freundlich isotherm
3. Experimental Work
1.4 Charcoal
1) Collection of materials like coconut shell and palm
Charcoal is a light black residue consists of carbon and shell washed with water.
any remaining ash obtained by removing water and other 2) Dried it under sun for one day and then burnt it at
volatile constituent from animals and vegetation 650 degree centigrade for 2 hours. It got completely
substances. It is normally created by warming of wood or carbonized by using muffle furnace.
other substance without oxygen. It is normally a sullied 3) Then crushed the sample which brought it down
type of carbon. Initiated carbon can be delivered from into small particles and separated into different
distinctive crude carbon assets like lignite, peat, coal, and mesh size, basically we wanted very fine particle.
biomass assets, for example, wood, sawdust, bagasse, and 4) The crushed particles are sieve by 4.75 mm.
coconut shells. Enacted carbon, additionally called 3.1 Activated Carbon Preparation
initiated charcoal, actuated coal, or an "air conditioner
channel", is a manifestation of carbon prepared to have 1) Calcium chloride of 25 gram is mixed with distilled
low volume pores that build the surface territory water for 70ml for preparing the solution
accessible for adsorption or substance responses. Enacted
 

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2) After the calcium chloride solution mixed with 80 [6] Charerntanyarak, L., 1999. Heavy metals removal
gram of activated carbon. by chemical coagulation and precipitation. Water
3) To prepare on paste. Sci. Technol. 39, 135–138.Clesceri, L.S.,
4) After the paste is covered and rested on 24 hours. Greenberg, A.E., Eaton, A.D., 1998
5) The paste is filtered by using clean cloth .
[7] Standard methods for the Examination of Water and
6) Small amount of moisture content present on the
Wastewater20th. American Public Health
sample.
Association, Washington (pp.3-65–3-68).Dantas,
7) The filtered particles are taken on crucible now
T.N.D., Neto, A.A.D., Moura, M.C.P., 2001.
kept it in the furnace at 700 degree centigrade a very
high temperature to increase the porosity of [8] Emsley J (2001) Chromium- Nature’s Building
activated carbon. Blocks: An A-Z Guide tothe Elements. Oxford,
8) After taking out from the furnace we again washed England, UK: Oxford University press, pp: 495-
it with distilled water and dried in the furnace at 110 498.
degree centigrade for 2 hours. [9] Katz SA, Salem H (1992) The toxicology of
9) Activated charcoal is now ready to use. chromium with respect to its chemical speciation –
3.2 Removal Of Chromium A review. Journal of Applied Toxicology 13: 217-
224.
1) Taking of 2.82 gram of potassium dichromate in [10] Barakat MA (2010) New trends in removing heavy
500ML of water mixed on it. metals from industrial wastewater. Arabian Journal
2) For making 1000 ppm of chromium for using of Chemistry 4: 361-377.
activated carbon chromium should be removed on
it. [11] Fu F, Qi W (2011) Removal of heavy metal ions
from wastewaters – A review. Journal of
4. Result Environmental Management 92: 407-418.

Now we went for atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). [12] http://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=2&brch=190&sim=60

We got the absorbance of each sample which has 6&cnt=1
mentioned latter on in the table. Now we added 1 gram [13] El Shafey EI (2007) Sorption of Cd (II) and Se (IV)
activated charcoal to each sample and left for 2 hours. from aqueous solution using modified rice husk.
Adsorption of chromium had taken place and again we had Journal of Hazardous Materials 147: 546-555.
gone for AAS to get absorbance.
[14] Dhanakumar S, Solairaj G, Mohanraj R, Pattabhi S
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