CONSULTANT FOR
PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS
Project title: Cyclohexane
Sector: Petrochemical
Product: Cyclohexane
Prepared By -
PHANS4 CONSULTING PRIVATE
LIMITED
Cyclohexane is mainly used for the
CYCLO industrial production of adipic acid and
HEXANE caprolactam, which are precursors to
nylon
USES AND APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCT
Nearly all cyclohexane is consumed in the production of cyclohexanol
and cyclohexanone, which are then used mainly to make Adipic
acid and caprolactam respectively. Adipic acid accounts for 60% of
cyclohexane demand and is used to make nylon 6,6. Around 75% of
global caprolactam is used in nylon 6 manufacture.
These fibres are used in apparel such as ladies’ hosiery (stockings),
sleepwear and underwear, carpets and home furnishings. Other nylon
6,6 fibres applications include tyre cord, fishing line, brush bristles and
tough fabrics for parachutes, backpacks, luggage and business cases.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Cyclohexane is branched chain aliphatic compound. Hydrogen is
added to the benzene ring to convert it from aromatic to cyclic
aliphatic structure.
Brief description of cyclohexane production by benzene
hydrogenation flow sheet : -
i. Benzene is vaporized and mixed with hydrogen and passed to the
packed bed containing the nickel and platinum catalyst. The
operation condition of the reactor should be maintained at the
temperatures between 165 to 320 oC and the pressure in the
range of 2-3 MPa.
CYCLOHEXANE MANUFACTURING
Benzene hydrogenation is exothermic process so it is sufficient if the
inlet temperature maintained at 150oC to initiate the reaction. Heat
generated from reactor used for producing process steam. The outlet
of the reactor cooled to 80oC and flashed into the separator.
Unreacted gas is recycled to the reactor by the compressor and small
liquid portion continuously recycled to the reactor to recover the
unreacted benzene.
The cooled liquid is complex mixture to separate into individual
components by the distillation technique. Carry over gases removed
initially by the distillation column and then the bottom of the
distilling column containing cyclohexane and fractions of benzene fed
to the purification section.
BENZENE AND CYCLOHEXANE SEPARATION METHODS:
Benzene and cyclohexane have their boiling points near 80oC at
atmospheric pressure and separating them into pure fractions by
distillation technique is quite energy consuming and inefficient in
operation.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Pervaporation technique using membrane separation process. Some
of the membranes developed are:
Chitosan membrane built with carbon nanotubes
Sodium alginate (SA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
membrane
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Pervaporation technique using membrane separation process. Some
of the membranes developed are:
Chitosan membrane built with carbon nanotubes
Sodium alginate (SA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
membrane
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Extractive distillation: Using an external solvent benzene and
cyclohexane can be separated with better efficiency and less
operation cost than simple distillation.
Compounds like phenol, propylene glycol and aniline are some of the
solvent have shown good performance in extractive distillation
technique.
Azeotropic distillation: Acetone and water breaks the azeotrope.
Cyclohexane is recovered initially by the acetone and benzene is
removed from bottom of the first stage and in second stage water
recovers the acetone producing the pure cyclohexane. Recovered
acetone is recycled again to the first stage. However this process is
energy consuming.
PROJECT INVESTMENT PROFILE
Technology provider: Axens
Project description : The most consumption of this product is for producing
cupperloctam & acid adipic.
Capacity of the plant: 100.00 ton/year
Raw material required : Hydrogen & benzene
Project construction period : 2 years
Project cost: 23.55 Million US dollars
Net present value( NPV) : 0 US dollars for 0 year
Internal rate of return( IRR) : 28%
Payback Period(PP) : 0 year
PHANS4 CONSULTING PVT. LTD.
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