Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT
Manila

THIRD DIVISION

G.R. No. 166803               October 11, 2012

CREWLINK, INC. and/or GULF MARINE SERVICES, Petitioners,

vs.
EDITHA TERINGTERING, for her behalf and in behalf of minor EIMAEREACH ROSE
DE GARCIA TERINGTERING, Respondents.

DECISION

PERALTA, J.:

This is a Petition for Review on Certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court seeking the
reversal of the Decision1 dated July H, 2004 and Resolution2 dated January 17, 2005 of the
Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. SP No. 79966, setting aside the Resolutions dated February
20, 20033 and July 31, 20034 of the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC), which
affirmed in toto the Decision5 dated February 12, 2002 of the Labor Arbiter.

The facts, as culled from the records, are as follows:

Respondent Editha Teringtering (Teringtering), spouse of deceased Jacinto Teringtering

(Jacinto), and in behalf of her minor child, filed a complaint against petitioner Crewlink, Inc.
(Crewlink), and its foreign principal Gulf Marine Services for the payment of death benefits,
benefit for minor child, burial assistance, damages and attorney's fees.

Respondent alleged that her husband Jacinto entered into an overseas employment contract with
Crewlink, Inc. for and in behalf of its foreign principal Gulf Marine Services, the details of
which are as follows:

Duration of Contract : 12 months

Position : Oiler
Basic Monthly Salary : US $385.00
Hours of Work : 48 hrs/wk
Overtime : US $115.50
Vacation Leave with pay : 1 mo. leave after
12 months
Point of Hire : Manila, Philippines
 xxxx

Teringtering claimed that before her husband was employed, he was subjected to a pre-
employment medical examination wherein he was pronounced as "fit to work." Thus, her
husband joined his vessel of assignment and performed his duties as Oiler.

On or about April 18, 2001, a death certificate was issued by the Ministry of Health of the United
Arab Emirates wherein it was stated that Jacinto died on April 9, 2001 due to asphyxia of
drowning. Later on, an embalming and sealing certificate was issued after which the remains of
Jacinto was brought back to the Philippines.

After learning of the death of Jacinto, respondent claimed from petitioners the payment of death
compensation in the amount of US$50,000.00 and burial expenses in the amount of
US$1,000.00, as well as additional death compensation in the amount of US$7,000.00, for the
minor Eimaereach Rose de Gracia Teringtering but was refused without any valid cause. Hence,
a complaint was filed against the petitioners.

Respondent claimed that in order for her husband's death to be compensable it is enough that he
died during the term of his contract and while still on board. Respondent asserted that Jacinto
was suffering from a psychotic disorder, or Mood Disorder Bipolar Type, which resulted to his
jumping into the sea and his eventual death. Respondent further asserted that her husband’s death
was not deliberate and not of his own will, but was a result of a mental disorder, thus,
compensable.

For its part, petitioner Crewlink alleged that sometime on April 9, 2001, around 8:20 p.m. while
at Nasr Oilfield, the late Jacinto Teringtering suddenly jumped into the sea, but the second
engineer was able to recover him. Because of said incident, one personnel was directed to watch
Jacinto.

However, around 10:30 p.m., while the boat dropped anchor south of Nasr Oilfield and went on
standby, Jacinto jumped off the boat again. Around 11:00 p.m., the A/B watchman reported that
Jacinto was recovered but despite efforts to revive him, he was already dead from drowning.

Petitioner asserted that Teringtering was not entitled to the benefits being claimed, because
Jacinto committed suicide. Despite the non-entitlement, however, Teringtering was even given
burial assistance in the amount of P35,800.00 and P13,273.00 on May 21, 2001. She likewise
received the amount of US$792.51 representing donations from the GMS staff and crew.
Petitioner likewise argued that Teringtering is not entitled to moral and exemplary damages,
because petitioner had nothing to do with her late husband's untimely demise as the same was
due to his own doing.

As part of the record, respondent submitted Ship Captain Oscar C. Morado's report on the
incident, which we quote:

At arround 2000 hrs. M/V Raja 3404 still underway to Nasr Complex w/ 1 passenger. 2018 hrs.
A/side Nasr Complex boatlanding to drop 1 passenger At 2020 hrs. Mr. Jacinto Tering Tering
suddenly jump to the sea, while the boat cast off from Nasr Complex boatlanding. And the
second Engr. Mr. Sudarto jump and recover Mr. Jacinto Tering Tering the oiler.

2040 hrs. Dropped anchor south of Nasr oilfield and standby. And that time informed to GMS
personnel about the accident, And we informed to A/B on duty to watch Mr. Jacinto Tering
Tering. 2230 hrs. The A/B watch man informed that Mr. Jacinto Tering Tering jump again to the
sea. And that time the wind NW 10-14 kts. and strong current. And the second Engr. jump to the
sea with life ring to recover Mr. Jacinto Tering Tering. 2300 hrs. We recovered Mr. Jacinto
Tering Tering onboard the vessel and apply Respiration Kiss of life Mouth to Mouth, And
proceed to Nasr Complex to take doctor.

2320 hrs. A/side Nasr Complex boatlanding and the doctor on-board to check the patient. 2330
hrs. As per Nasr Complex Doctor the patient was already dead. Then informed to GMS
personnel about the accident.

I Captain Oscar C. Morado certify this report true and correct with the best of my knowledge and
reserve the right, modify, ratify and/or enlarge this statement at any time and place, According to
the law.6

In a Decision dated February 12, 2002, the Labor Arbiter, after hearing, dismissed the case for
lack of merit. The Labor Arbiter held that, while it is true that Jacinto Teringtering died during
the effectivity of his contract of employment and that he died of asphyxiation, nevertheless, his
death was the result of his deliberate or intentional jumping into the sea. Thus, his death was
directly attributable to him.

Teringtering then appealed before the NLRC which affirmed in toto the ruling of the Labor
Arbiter.

Unsatisfied, Teringtering filed a petition for certiorari under Rule 65 before the Court of Appeals
and sought the nullification of the NLRC Resolution, dated February 20, 2003, which affirmed
the Labor Arbiter’s Decision dated February 12, 2002.

On July 8, 2004, the CA reversed and set aside the assailed Resolution of the NLRC, the
dispositive portion of which reads:

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Resolution dated February 20, 2003 is hereby
REVERSED and SET ASIDE. Respondents Crewlink, Inc. and Gulf Marine Services are hereby
DECLARED jointly and severally liable and, accordingly, are directed to pay deceased Jacinto
Teringtering's beneficiaries, namely respondent Editha Teringtering and her daughter
Eimaereach Rose de Gracia, the Philippine Currency equivalent to US$50,000.00, and an
additional amount of US$7,000, both at the exchange rate prevailing at the time of payment.

SO ORDERED.7

Thus, before this Court, Crewlink, Inc. and/or Gulf Marine Services, as petitioner, raised the
following issues:
 I

WHETHER A SPECIAL CIVIL ACTION OF CERTIORARI INCLUDES

CORRECTION OF THE NLRC'S EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE AND
FACTUAL FINDINGS BASED THEREON OR CORRECTION OF ERRORS OF
FACTS IN THE JUDGMENT OF THE NLRC;

II

WHETHER THE NEGLIGENT ACTS OF SUPPOSEDLY FAILING TO TAKE SUCH

MEASURES FOR THE COMFORT AND SAFETY OF THE DECEASED
SEAFARER, AMONG OTHERS, WHICH WERE ESPECIALLY EMPHASIZED IN
THE ASSAILED CA DECISION AND WHICH ACTUALLY REFERRED TO ACTS
COMMITTED BY THE SHIPMATES OF THE DECEASED, BUT POSITIVELY
ATTRIBUTED TO PETITIONERS AND FOR WHICH THE LATTER ARE NOW
BEING HELD LIABLE – ARE IN THE NATURE OF AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT
SOURCE OF OBLIGATION THAT IS PREDICATED ON QUASI-DELICT OR TORT
AS PROVIDED UNDER OUR CIVIL LAWS AND, THUS, HAS NO REFERENCE TO
OUR LABOR CODE;

III

WHETHER THE DEATH OF SEAFARER IN THIS CASE WAS A RESULT OF A

DELIBERATE/WILLFUL ACT ON HIS OWN LIFE, AN ACT DIRECTLY
ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE DECEASED, AND NO OTHER, AS FOUND AND SO
RULED BY THE LABOR ARBITER AND NLRC, AS TO RENDER HIS DEATH
NOT COMPENSABLE.

Petitioner claimed that Jacinto's death is not compensable, considering that the latter's death
resulted from his willful act. It argued that the rule that the employer becomes liable once it is
established that the seaman died during the effectivity of his employment contract is not
absolute. The employer may be exempt from liability if he can successfully prove that the
seaman's death was caused by an injury directly attributable to his deliberate or willful act, as in
this case.

We find merit in the petition.

In a petition for review on certiorari, our jurisdiction is limited to reviewing errors of law in the
absence of any showing that the factual findings complained of are devoid of support in the
records or are glaringly erroneous. We are not a trier of facts, and this applies with greater force
in labor cases. Findings of fact of administrative agencies and quasi-judicial bodies, which have
acquired expertise because their jurisdiction is confined to specific matters, are generally
accorded not only great respect but even finality. They are binding upon this Court unless there
is a showing of grave abuse of discretion or where it is clearly shown that they were arrived at
arbitrarily or in utter disregard of the evidence on record. This case is no different.
As found by the Labor Arbiter, Jacinto's jumping into the sea was not an accident but was
deliberately done. Indeed, Jacinto jumped off twice into the sea and it was on his second attempt
that caused his death. The accident report of Captain Oscar Morado narrated in detail the
circumstances that led to Jacinto's death. The circumstances of Jacinto's actions before and at the
time of his death were likewise entered in the Chief Officer's Log Book and were attested to by
Captain Morado before the Philippine Embassy. Even the A/B personnel, Ronald Arroga, who
was tasked to watch over Jacinto after his first attempt of committing suicide, testified that
despite his efforts to prevent Jacinto from jumping again overboard, Jacinto was determined and
even shoved him and jumped anew which eventually caused his death.

Considering the foregoing, we do not find any reason to discredit the evidence presented as well
as the findings of the Labor Arbiter. Settled is the rule that factual findings of labor officials,
who are deemed to have acquired expertise in matters within their jurisdiction, are generally
accorded not only respect but even finality by the courts when supported by substantial evidence,
i.e., the amount of relevant evidence which a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to justify
a conclusion. More so, when there is no showing that said findings were arrived at arbitrarily or
in disregard of the evidence on record.

Likewise, the provisions of the Code of Commerce are certainly inapplicable in this case. For
precisely, the issue for resolution here is the obligation of the employer to its employee should
the latter die during the term of his employment. The relationship between the petitioner and
Jacinto is one based on contract of employment and not one of contract of carriage.

Under No. 6, Section C, Part II of the POEA "Standard Employment Contract Governing the
Employment of All Filipino Seamen On-Board Ocean-Going Vessels" (POEA-SEC), it is
provided that:

xxxx

6. No compensation shall be payable in respect of any injury, incapacity, disability or death

resulting from a willful act on his own life by the seaman, provided, however, that the employer
can prove that such injury, incapacity, disability or death is directly attributable to him.
(Emphasis ours)

Indeed, in order to avail of death benefits, the death of the employee should occur during the
effectivity of the employment contract. The death of a seaman during the term of employment
makes the employer liable to his heirs for death compensation benefits. This rule, however, is not
absolute. The employer may be exempt from liability if it can successfully prove that the
seaman's death was caused by an injury directly attributable to his deliberate or willful act.

In the instant case, petitioner was able to substantially prove that Jacinto's death was attributable
to his deliberate act of killing himself by jumping into the sea. Meanwhile, respondent, other
than her bare allegation that her husband was suffering from a mental disorder, no evidence,
witness, or any medical report was given to support her claim of Jacinto's insanity. The record
does not even show when the alleged insanity of Jacinto did start. Homesickness and/or family
problems may result to depression, but the same does not necessarily equate to mental disorder.
The issue of insanity is a question of fact; for insanity is a condition of the mind not susceptible
of the usual means of proof. As no man would know what goes on in the mind of another, the
state or condition of a person’s mind can only be measured and judged by his behavior.
Establishing the insanity of an accused requires opinion testimony which may be given by a
witness who is intimately acquainted with the person claimed to be insane, or who has rational
basis to conclude that a person was insane based on the witness’ own perception of the person, or
who is qualified as an expert, such as a psychiatrist.8 No such evidence was presented to support
respondent's claim.

The Court commiserates with the respondent, but absent substantial evidence from which
reasonable basis for the grant of benefits prayed for can be drawn, the Court is left with no
choice but to deny her petition, lest an injustice be caused to the employer. Otherwise slated,
while it is true that labor contracts are impressed with public interest and the provisions of the
POEA-SEC must be construed logically and liberally in favor of Filipino seamen in the pursuit
of their employment on board ocean-going vessels, still the rule is that justice is in every case for
the deserving, to be dispensed with in the light of established facts, the applicable law, and
existing jurisprudence.9

WHEREFORE, the petition Is GRANTED. The Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP
No. 79966, dated July 8, 2004, and its January 17, 2005 Resolution denying the motion for
reconsideration are REVERSED and SET ASIDE. The February 20, 2003 and July 31, 2003
Resolutions of the National Labor Relations Commission in NLRC NCR OFW Case No. (M) 01-
06-1144-00, affirming the February 12, 2002 Decision of the Labor Arbiter, are hereby
REINSTATED and AFFIRMED.

SO ORDERED.

DIOSDADOM. PERALTA
Associate Justice

WE CONCUR:

PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, JR.

Associate Justice
Chairperson

ROBERTO A. ABAD JOSE PORTUGAL PEREZ

Associate Justice Associate Justice

JOSE CATRAL MENDOZA

Associate Justice

ATTESTATION

I attest that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the
case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court's Division.
PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, JR.
Associate Justice
Chairperson, Third Division

CERTIFICATION

Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIJI of the Constitution and the Division Chairperson's
Attestation, I certify that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation
before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court's Division.

MARIA LOURDES P. A. SERENO

Chief Justice

Footnotes

* Designated Acting Member, per Special Order No. 1299 dated August 28, 2012.

1 Penned by Associate Justice Arcangelita M. Romilla-Lontok, with Associate Justices

Rodrigo V. Cosico and Danilo B. Pine, concurring; rollo, pp. 40-47.

2 Id. at 49-50.

3 CA rollo, pp. 27-37.

4 Id. at 38-39.

5 Id. at 21-26. 

6 Id. at 93.

7 Rollo, p. 46.

8 People v. Florendo, G.R. No. 136845, October 8, 2003, 413 SCRA 132, 139; 459 Phil.
470, 478-479 (2003).

9 Panganiban v. Tara Trading Shipmanagement, Inc. and Shinline SDN BHD, G.R. No.
187032, October 18, 2010, 633 SCRA 353, 369.