VARDHAN CONSULTING ENGINEERS

SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

TOPIC –GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM
IN INDIA
INTERNSHIP PERIOD: 24/05/2020- 07/07/2020

B.TECH

BY
DEBJANI DAS
NIT Agartala
B.TECH (CIVIL)
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Acknowledgement

Presentation inspiration and motivation have

always played a vital role in the success of any
venture.

I am very grateful to our HR. Ms NEHA

KUMARI mam for providing the opportunity
to participate in this internship program.

I would like to extend my gratitude towards

my mentor Mr Ashish Kumar who was
always there for help and guidance in the
project period. I can’t even thank him for his
tremendous support and help.
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Executive Summary
Vardhan Consulting Engineers (VCE) is a pioneer
organization to fulfil the current generation needs of students
and companies. VCE have different business horizons
and revenue sources such as;
Engineering and Management Consulting. Importing and

Branding Pearl Jewellery. Stock Market and Cross-

Currency Trading. Insurance and Investment Advisory.

Vardhan Merit Scholarship

In this initiative, the company pay scholarship to poor under-
privileged girls and pay their entire educational expense till
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class 12th. So that, financial burden never be the reason for

them to drop out from schools.

SUMMERY
Buildings, whether residential, commercial, government, or
special-use, are core components of the nation’s
infrastructure. Their construction, operation, and demolition
are increasingly recognized as major sources of environmental
impact. Without significant transformation of building
construction and operations, that impact is expected to
increase with population growth and changes in other
demographic and economic factors.
In general, green building can be characterized as integrated
building practices that significantly reduce the environmental
footprint of a building in comparison to standard practices.
Descriptions of green building generally focus on a number of
common elements, especially siting, energy, water, materials,
waste, and health.
One of the most salient features of green building is
integration of the various elements. Although individual
elements can be addressed separately, the green building
approach is more comprehensive, focusing on the
environmental footprint of a building over its life cycle, from
initial design and construction to operations during the
building’s useful life, through eventual demolition and its
aftermath.
The desire to integrate the various elements of green building
has led to the development of rating and certification systems
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o assess how well a building project meets a specified set of

green criteria. The best-known system is Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Developed by the
U.S. Green Building Council, it focuses on site, water, energy,
materials, and indoor environment. Recently, green building
practices have found their way into building model codes and
technical standards. Green building has received substantial
attention from government, industry, and public interest
groups. However, several agencies have programs and
activities that have a focus that goes beyond reducing the
environmental impacts of the facilities used by that agency—
for example, by performing research or facilitating the green-
building activities of non-federal entities. Among those
agencies are the General Services Administration, the
Environmental Protection Agency, the Office of Federal
Sustainability, the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, and the Departments of defence, Energy, and
Housing and Urban Development.
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Table of Content
Acknowledgement
Executive summery
Introduction
What Is Green Building
Elements of Green Building
Energy
Water
Materials
Waste
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Health
Siting
Serviceability
Resilience
Integration
Green Rating Systems
Evolution of Green Rating Systems
GRIHA
LEED
IGBC

LIST OF TABLES
Most widely used green rating system

LIST OF FIGURES
Green building
Benefits of G.B.
Average savings of green building
Green rating for integrated habited
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Introduction
The environmental impacts of human activity have been a source of
controversy and concern for many years. Much of the focus over that
time has been on impacts such as pollution and the destruction or
degradation of wildlife habitats and ecosystems. Over the past few
decades, however, concerns have increased greatly about greenhouse
gases, resource depletion, and degradation of ecological services such
as water supply. Over that time, the impacts of buildings have come
under increasing scrutiny.
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There are many different kinds of buildings—residential, commercial,

government, and those with special uses such as schools and hospitals
—and they form a large and core component of the nation’s
infrastructure. The construction, characteristics, operation, and
demolition of buildings are now recognized as a major source of
environmental impact, including direct effects on the humans who use
them. U.S. buildings consume vast amounts of resources annually in
the form of electricity for lighting and temperature control, drinkable
water for indoor and outdoor use, and construction materials with
diverse supply chains and manufacturing processes; they also produce
substantial waste streams throughout their lifecycles, from
construction to daily operations to demolition. Such resource use can
impose high environmental and financial costs.
A building’s location and interaction with its surrounding
environment also influences its ecological and human health impacts.
Buildings create impermeable surfaces that can have substantial
effects on storm water management and associated health and
environmental impacts. A building’s proximity to public
transportation affects the energy required to transport occupants to
and from the premises. Occupants may need to commute by car,
contributing to traffic delays, smog, and greenhouse gas emissions.
Occupant health and productivity is also affected by building features
that determine indoor air quality. Most people spend far more time
indoors than outside, and the air in buildings often has substantially
higher concentrations of pollutants than the air outside, contributing
in extreme cases to a phenomenon known as “sick building
syndrome.”
These and other undesirable environmental and health impacts can be
addressed for construction, renovation, and operations of both new
and existing buildings. Green building is a tool for transforming the
ways in which buildings are designed, built, operated, and demolished
that has generated substantial interest in recent decades. They include,
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among others, private construction firms, building owners and

occupants, green building certification and standards-developing
organizations, federal and state lawmakers, local code officials, and a
variety of government agencies.
This report discusses the concept of green building, major federal
policies and programs relating to it, and associated issues. Topics
covered include how green building is defined, what it consists of, the
major areas of environmental impact, outstanding issues in the
implementation of green building, an overview of the major statutory
and executive authorities that address it, and programs in federal
agencies that involve one or more elements related to it.

What Is Green Building?

Environmentally sensitive building is not a particularly recent
phenomenon, but the modern practice of green building began
emerging in the 1990s. One milestone in the United States was the
formation in 1990 of the Committee on the Environment within the
American Institute of Architects (AIA), followed within a few years
by the founding of the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) and
other organizations. The most prominent federal green building
project in that decade was the “Greening of the White House”. There
is no single consensus definition of green building; efforts exist along
a design and performance continuum. What some call green building
is barely distinguishable from standard building practices. At the
extreme, the term can be used in an almost meaningless way, purely
as a marketing tool. Such practices are sometimes called “green
washing”. In contrast,
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some practitioners aim to provide buildings with environmental

impacts that are greatly reduced from those of typical buildings. Most
green building efforts have less ambitious reduction goals. In general,
green building might best be characterized as an integrated approach
to building design, construction, and operations that significantly
reduces the environmental footprint of buildings in comparison to
standard practices. The environmental footprint is the overall impact
of a structure or activity on the environment, including the human
environment.
Green is a relative concept—a green building is one that is greener
than average. Second, it is not limited to only one factor, such as
energy consumption, but involves integration across several, as is
discussed below. The green building approach can be applied to any
class of building: large or small, commercial or residential.
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The term green building is often used interchangeably with others

such as sustainable building, and that practice is followed in this
report. However, the terms may also be used in ways that are not
exactly synonymous. For example, sustainable building may be
described as a form of green building, but with a more stringent goal
of indefinitely maintaining environmental footprints that are small
enough that they will not impede future human activity and the
functioning of ecosystems.
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Elements of Green Building

Descriptions of green building generally focus on specified elements,
which in various documents may also be referred to by other terms
such as attributes, life-cycle parameters, performance areas, or impact
categories. Commonly cited elements are energy, water, materials,
waste, and health. Another is siting, particularly with respect to
transportation, ecology, and smart growth. The siting element has
increased in prominence over the last several years as more attention
has focused on the built environment beyond the building itself.
However, they are included explicitly among the objectives for high
performance buildings, which may also consider such others as
disaster and climate resilience. These objectives have risen in
prominence in the wake of a number of high-profile natural disasters.
The goals of a given green building project may vary depending on
the needs of the stakeholders, including a building’s expected
occupants. As a result, different elements may be prioritized in
different projects. Local factors such as climate zone and flood risk
may influence the design process in ways that affect the relative
emphasis placed on the various elements discussed below.

Energy
A reduced energy footprint is probably the most widely cited element
of green building. Techniques include  energy efficiency and
conservation, through such means as energy-efficient appliances and
lighting, weatherization, and day lighting; use of alternative,
renewable sources of energy, such as solar or geothermal power or
combustion of biomass; utilization of energy storage technologies,
often in combination with on-site renewable energy generation; and
participation in smart-grid innovations such as demand-response
programs. Energy is widely considered a crucial element because of
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the economic costs and environmental impacts associated with energy

use. Federal law sets numeric requirements for reductions in energy
use by federal buildings.

Water
Reducing water usage in buildings can provide cost savings. It can
also aid management of water resources, especially in arid areas and
in response to periodic drought elsewhere.26 Reductions can be
achieved through such measures as reduced-flow plumbing fixtures,
recycling of wastewater, and landscaping designed to reduce
irrigation requirements. Water management may also include how the
building and associated land handle rain, on-site water, and run-off.

Materials
The materials used in a building, during both construction and
operations, can contribute substantially to the building’s
environmental footprint. The choice and use of materials affects
resource depletion, pollution, embodied energy, and health.
“Environmentally preferable” or “green-labelled” products can reduce
the impact.

Waste
The environmental impacts from a building’s waste stream over its
life cycle can be mitigated by waste-reduction efforts, which fall
broadly into four main categories: source reduction, reuse, recycling,
and waste-to-energy. The waste from standard demolition and
construction processes can be reduced through more efficient use of
materials (source reduction) and recycling or reuse of waste products.

Health
Several factors can influence the health impacts of buildings. For
some, the health effects are obvious, such as the presence of indoor air
pollutants like mod, radon, carbon monoxide, asbestos, and VOCs.
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Indoor air quality (IAQ) has a significant impact on occupant health,

given that most people tend to spend a large percentage of each day
indoors.

Siting
Where a building is situated can have significant effects on its
environmental footprint. For example, siting of buildings near
transportation hubs can facilitate the use of public transportation and
reduce impacts from private automobiles. Site selection may also take
into account the ecological sensitivity of potential sites, to minimize
adverse impacts on ecological services38 and native species of plants
and animals.

Serviceability
A building that is not useful to its occupants is unlikely to be worth its
cost, no matter how small it’s environmental footprint. Therefore,
productivity and other measures of utility comprise an important
element of green building that is not always discussed. A large
percentage of U.S. workers spend their days in offices, and studies
have suggested that IEQ strongly influences worker comfort and
productivity.

Green Rating System:

Evolution of Green Rating Systems
Green rating systems for buildings measure and quantify the
environmental performance of a given building. India currently has the
below green rating systems for buildings.

 Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)

 Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED)
 IGBC rating systems
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These green rating systems aim to quantify the environmental,

economic and socio-economic benefits of green building design with
an emphasis on sustainable site planning, optimized energy

performance, efficient materials, and construction practices, water, and

waste management strategies; and indoor environmental quality.

1] GREEN RATING FOR INTEGRATED HABITAT ASSESSMENT

(GRIHA):

Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is the national

rating system of India for any completed construction, endorsed by the
Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India and
TERI.
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GRIHA: The basic features of

The scheme was created to assist in ‘designing and evaluating’ new

buildings. The stages of the life cycle that have been identified for
evaluation are:

Resource conservation and resource allocation problems, energy

effectiveness, energy regeneration, and reuse, and occupant safety and
wellness regulations. The prime resources that are considered in this
section are land, water, energy, air, and green cover. 

GRIHA Rating Criteria:

GRIHA provides a rating of up to five stars for green buildings and

dispense points based on criteria’s met by any builder. It comprises a
set of 34 criteria, few of them are:

2] LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT DESIGN

(LEED):
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LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is the most

widely used green building rating system in the world. It was the Indian
Green Business Centre, under the Confederation of Indian Industries
that facilitated the LEED rating of the United States Green Building
Council (USGBC).

LEED India encompasses rating systems for:

 Existing Buildings (EB)

 New Construction (NC)
 Core and Shell (C&S)
 Green Homes

Many buildings in India register for a LEED Green Building

Rating. LEED-INDIA is, therefore, one of the chief councils to
give a green rating to a structure, whether an apartment
independent home or office. 
3] INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL (IGBC) RATING SYSTEM:
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IGBC Rating System is a voluntary and consensus-based programme.

This rating system would facilitate the development of energy-efficient,
water-efficient, healthy, more productive, environmentally friendly
factories.

The rating system evaluates certain credit points using a prescriptive

approach and other credits on a performance based approach. The
rating system is evolved so as to be comprehensive and at the same
time user-friendly. The rating programme uses well accepted national
standards and wherever local or national standards are not available,
appropriate international benchmarks have been considered.

Benefits

Green Existing Buildings can have tremendous benefits, both tangible

and intangible.
Tangible benefits
Energy savings: 30 - 40%
Water savings : 20 - 30%
Intangible benefits
Enhanced indoor air quality
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Scope in India

The Green building concept is catching up fast globally,

and in India too. A Green Building is one, which in the
process of constructing a building, uses renewable
materials, saves money on light bills, gas bills and
water bills. This method can include using all natural
materials but for the most part, it pertains to saving
environment and costs. It is a reflection of the growing
concern for environment and energy, and the awareness
that huge consumption also leads to huge depletion of
resources. More and more people are becoming aware
of this fact and the concept of Green Building is here to
stay and it should be encouraged and promoted for the
betterment of the society. It reduces the energy
consumption of a building. It is also cost effective and
is being implemented worldwide.
Building-owners, developers, architects and consultants
see a value proposition in designing green. Green
design is turning out to be a niche area for developers.
There is an increased need for green building materials
and products in the industry.
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CASE STUDY
Title: Mess and Consumer Store Building for RCSM Medical College
at Shenda Park
Location: Kolhapur
GRIHA Rating:5 Star Rating
Rating Type: SVA GRIHA

Title: Bhamashah State Data Centre

Location: Jaipur, Rajasthan
GRIHA Rating:4 Star Rating
Rating Type: GRIHA Provisional rating

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFFERENCE

https://www.greenbiz.com/sites/default/files/document/O16F22028.p
df
https://sallan.org/pdf-docs/CHOWE_GreenBuildLaw.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEUShQ7r_tE

https://www.grihaindia.org/case-study
https://www.grihaindia.org/griha-incentive
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https://www.intechopen.com/books/sustainability-assessment-at-the-21st-
century/green-building-rating-systems-as-sustainability-assessment-tools-case-
study-analysis

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_building

SCOPE OF INDIA

The Green building concept is catching up fast globally,

and in India too. A Green Building is one, which in the
process of constructing a building, uses renew able
materials, saves money on light bills, gas bill sand
water bills. This method can include using all natural
materials but for the most part, it pertains to saving
environment and costs.
It is a reflection of the growing concern for
environment and energy, and the awareness that huge
consumption also leads to huge depletion of resources.
More and more people are becoming aware of this fact
and the concept of Green Building is here to stay and it
should been courage and promoted for the betterment of
the society. Energy consumption of a building, thus
reducing CO2 and global warming to help the climate
change.
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The markets have transformed in the last10 years.

Building owners, developers, architects and consultants
see a value proposition in designing green. Green
design is turning out to be a niche area for developers.

CONCLUSION

Green building is a financially, health, and most importantly

environmentally responsible idea that more people need to adopt.  The
Green Building Council developed LEED in order to help customers
and builders to work together to create buildings with the minimal
impact on the environment possible. Through educating, making
environmentally products more readily accessible and reliable, and by
providing government incentives it is possible to encourage more
people to adopt green building and all of the benefits that come along
with it. Each of the above mentioned rating systems has its own
features, but they are aligned in its intentions and in many
requirements.
The GREEN building imitating the LEED goal for a golden certificate
is packed with good design potentials which can lead for such project
to be one of the first office buildings in Egypt to be certified with a
Golden certification using the newly announced LEED for Core and
Shell.
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