Standards Update Service W59-18 May 2018 ‘Title: Welded steel construction ‘To register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publatlon + goto shop.csa.ca + lek on SA Update Service ‘The Uist 1 that you wl ee to reir for updates to this publication i 2425382, if you require assistance, please e-mal techsupport@esagrouporg oF cl 16-747-2233, Visit A Group’ pleyon prvacy at ww.esagroup.or/legal to fied out how we protect your persoral information,W59-18 Welded steel construction “A tradare the aman Sandor Action parsing aC rg fate in Mey 2188 sranexdo boo fo To puchore standards and ead publication nin tore of shop.esa.ca (oF eo tore 1-800-465-6727 or 416 7 4088, (sa 70--3.13554 andor Asocatan Aeration moy beeen rion of he biContents ‘Technical Committee on Welding of Bridges, Buildings, and Machinery Offshore Welding Task Group (Annee U) 22 Preface 13 2 Scope 15 2 Reference publications and definitions 16 21 Reference publeations 15 22° Definitions 23 3. General requirements 24 3.1 Qualification requirements 24 B11 Contractor 24 3.12 Welding processes 24 3.13 Welding procedures ~ Conditions of prequalifstion 25 3.14 Selection of type of prove and welding procedures 25 32 asemetal 25 321 General 25, 322 caGwai 25 323° ASTMStandards 25 43.24 APIStandarée 27 325° ABSStandarde 27 326° 1acsStandards 27 3.27 oye Standards | 27 33° Welding terminology 27, 34 Symbol 27 4. Design of welded connections 27, 41 General requirements 27 11 Documents 27 412 Lamellar tearing 29 413 Requicementsforwelds 29 42° Deranvalves 22 43° Effective weld are, length, throat, and let ie 31 431 Groove welds 37 432 Filet welds 34 433 Plugand slot welds 35, 43.4 Minimum groove depth fr partial joint penetration groove welés and minimum length and sizeof filet welds 35, 44 Deals of filet, plug and slot welds 36 441 filet weld dete 36 442. Plugand slo weld detals 36 45) Welds inshewedjointe 37 45° filers 38 47 Sealwelds 28 My 2018 (© 201 anion Standard AitonSa General 47, 52 Electrodes 47 521 General 47 522 Electrodes for MAW 49 523 Electrodes and uses for SAW 50 5.24 Electrodes and shielding gas for GMAW, GTAW, MCAW, and FCAW 51 5.25 Electrodes, fee, and gases fr electrosiag welding and elactrogee welding (ESW and Ew) 52 Preparation of material 52 Surface conditions | 52 Joint preparation 53 Roughness requirements 53 Note imitations 52 Inspection and repairof planar edge dlicontnuites 52 Revenant corners 58 Beam copes and weld acces eles 55 ‘Weld acess hee dimensions 55 ‘Group 4and 5 shapes 55 Camber 35 Correction of camber 5 Assembly 55 Filet weld assembly 55 ying suraces 56 PIP groove weld assembly 56 Groove weld assembly 56 Werknanship tolerances 56 Algnment 57 Tock welds 57 Temporary welds 57 Backing 57 Sealwelds 52 Plug and slot welds 58 Detas of welding rocedores 58 General 58 Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) 59 Submerged are welding (SAW) 59 . Gas metal are welding (GMAW), g35 tungsten arc welding (GTAW, metal-coced are welding (O4CAW), and fuxcored are welding (FCAW) 62 555 Hlectroslg welding (ESW) and electrogas welding (EGW) 61 58 Contol of clstrtion and srinkage teseas G2 5.7 reheat interpass temperature, and heat input control 63 5.74 Preheat and imerpass temperatures 63 5.72 Reduction of preheat temperatures 63 58 Dimensional tolerances 68 59. Profile of welds 65 5:10 Corrections 66 SAL Peering 67 5.12 Stressele heat testment 67 2 1 2018 Candie Sonar Aseiton My 2018533 Cleaning of welds 69 5d Arestrtes 69 55 Meatshaping 69 6 studwelding #2 51 Scope 42 62 Generalrequirements 82 {63 Stud appliation quaifcation requirements 82 631 Prequalified postions 82 1632 Non-prequalfed ti applications 2 1633 Base materalforqualiieation tests 83 634 Testvarablesto be recorded 82 635 Test specimens a3 536 Bend tests(nonthreaded studs) 83 637 fend tests threaded studs) 33 638 Torquetests (threaded studs) 87 638 Acceptance ceria 83 163.10 Replacement of end ests (threaded studs) 89 631 Testdate 84 64 Techniqueané workmanship 34 165 Procedural controls 5 {68 Inspection requirements and repr procedures 87 7. Welding inspection 90 7a. General 90 71a Contractor’ nspector 90 7.12 Third-party inspection 90 7.13 Avalabityofdocuments 92 7.14 Wotieation 9 71s Access ot 7.16 denifeaton 91 7.2 specton of materia 91 73 Obligations ofthe contractor 9 74 Mondestructve examination 92 '8_Radiographic and ultrasonic examination of welds 93 81. Radiographic examination of wes 93 B11 General” 93 812 Extent of examination 94 813 Radiographic procedure 94 814 Aeceptality of welds 98 8.15 Examination, reporting and dsposion of radiographs 98 B16 Alternative relation imaging systems 93 8.2 Uirasonlcexamination of grove welds 100 8.21 General 100 8.22 Extentof examination 100 8.23 Personnel quaifeation FAtechniue) 102 8.24 Utrasonicequpment (FA tecmique) 101 8.25 Calibration standards FA technique) 102 ey 2018 1.2018 conadin Sonor Ascition Wold to constroton826 827 828 823 5210 a2 822 Equipment calivation FA technique) 102 Calibration fr examination (FA technique) 103 Testing procedure (FA technique) 108 Preparation and disposition of reports 106 Craton of te uasonic unt with the W-Type or other approved calibration blocks 107 Scanning patterns for ultrasonic examination 108 ‘Ntomatve uvasonle systems 108 3 Strengthening and repair of existing structures 12 32 92 93 35 354 952 36 964 962 10 vet 1012 1013 014 1015 1016 102 1021 1023 103 3034 3032 3033 3034 104 1042 1042 3052 1053 108 3054 1062 1063 ‘General 124 Materials 124 Design 125) Wirkmanship 125 Fatigue fe enhancement 126 Methods 126 Sess range ineease 126 Qualty 126 Visual inspection 126 Nondestructive testing 125, is and welding procedure requirements for prequaliledjlnts 127 ‘General 127, Prequalified complete joint penetration groove welds 127 Prequallied partial joint penetration groove welds 127 Requirement for prequalifeation of joints 127 Joint and weld designations 128 Postweld heat treatment 123 Filer metals tested inthe as-welded condition 129, Shielded metal are welding (SMAW) 130 Prequalified complete jint penetration groove welds made by SMAW 130 Prequalifes partial joint penetration grocve welds made by SMAW 130, Procedures for SMAW 130 Submerged are welding (SAW) 131 Prequalified complete joint penetration groove welds made by SAW 31 Prequalified partial joint penetration groove welds made by SAW 131 Parameter imitation for prequalified complete and partial joint penetration welds 132 Prequalified lt welds made by submerged arc welding 133 Furcored arc and matal-cored ar welding FCAW, MCAW) 133 Prequalified complete jint penetration groove welds made by AW and MCAW 123 Prequaifed pari joint penetration groove welds made by FCAW and MCAW 134 Procedures for FCAW and MCAW with singe electrodes 134 ‘Sas metal are welding spray transfer (GMAW-SP) and pulsed transfer (GMAW-P) 134 Prequalified complete joint penetration groove welds made by GMAW | 134 Prequalified partial joint penetration groove welds made by GMAW 135 Procedures for GMAW with single electrodes 135, (as tungsten are welding (GTAW) | 136 Prequalfied complete joint penetration groove welds made by GTAW 136 Prequalified paral jint penetration groove welds mage by GTAW 237 Procedures for GTAW wih ingle electrodes 137 (©2018 aman tdi Asciaton My 201811_Statically-loaded structures — Design and construction 178 Lt Scope 178, 112 sasemetal 179 313 Design provisions 179 1131 symbols 179, 1132 oesign values 180 1133 ase metal nd matching lactrode casfiction 180 114 structural details 180 3141 General 180 3142 Combination of welds 180 1143 Welds in combination with boks 180 A144 Strength under temporary loads 181 ALAS Eccentrety of connections 181 MAG Filet welddetals 181, 4147. Lapjoints 181 M148 Transition of thickness or width 182 A149. Beams and girders 182 314.10 splices in compression members 182 34.11 Splcesin toson members 163 41.412 Tand comerjoite 183 431.413 Connection of components of bult-up members 183 315 Workmanship 184 115. Termination of groove welds 184 3152 Groove weld batting 184 1153 Dimensional tolerances 184 1154 dualtyof welds 184 32. cyelicll-loaded structures — Design and construction 200 121 Spe 200 122 sasemetal 200 323 besign provisions 201 3231 Symbols 201 1232 Design values 201 4233 ase metal and matching electrode casieation 202 1234 Fatiguestress provisions 202 124 Structural detals 204 1241 General 204 1242 Combination of welds 208 12.43 Welds in combination with Boke 205, 32.44 strength under temporary nade 205 1245 ecentrty ofconmections 205 A246 Filet weld details 206 3247 Lapjois 205 32.48 Trarstionof thickness or widths 206 3249. Beamsand ders 200, 424.10 Splcesincomaression members 207 324.11 Splcesin tension members 207 32412 T-and comer joints 207 124.13 Connections of components of built-up members 207 ey 2018 (©2018 Conan Standard Aiton 5124.14 Prohibited types of joints and welds 208 32S Workmanship 208 125.1 Termination of groove welds 209 1252 Groove weld backing, 209 125.3 Dimensional tolerances 209, 1254 Quality of welds 210 1255 Temporary welds 212 ‘Annex informative) ~ Typical prequalfed partial joint penetration groove welded joints with SMAW, FCAW, MCAW, and GMAW 239 Annex 8 (informative) — Plugand slot welds 241 ‘Annex C informative) — Prevention of cracks 243, ‘nex {informative) — Welcng symbols 245 Annex E(nformative) — Welding defntions 251 ‘annex F informative) — Geometric unsharpness and suggested report forms for examination of welds 297 ‘Annex (informatie) — Example of weld quality requirements 302 ‘Annex H (normative) — Material requirements for studs and std base qualfcation equterents 303 Annex informative) — flatness of ger webs — Clause 12322 ‘Annex (informative) — flatness af der webs — Clause 12315 ‘Annex K informative) — Ar spot welds 327 ‘nex informative) — Hollow structural secon (HSS) connections 329, ‘Annex M informative) ~ Strength of welds 335 ‘annex W informative) — Gas metal ac welding (GMAW) 339 ‘annex (informative) — Guidi and commentary on alternative methods for determining preheat 347 ‘Annex a (nformative) — Lames tearing 975 ‘annex R informative) — The fatigue Iie of structures ad postweld methods of fatigue life ‘enhancement 382 ‘Annex (informative) — Allowable Stress Design 391 ‘annex (informative) — Description and Intended use of electrodes fr gas metal arcwelding 389 ‘Annex U (normative) — Welding of fixed stel offshore structures 401 ‘annex (informative) — Bectrode cassication wossreference 513 ‘annex W (informative) —SFRS Seismic welding provisions 515. ‘Annex normative). — Utrasoni examinations of groove welds using tme-orrecte gain technique with conventional ange beam or manual phased array ultrasoni testing 535 6 (02018 coin andr Acton ey 2018ws.18 Welded contraction Technical Committee on Welding of Bridges, Buildings, and Machinery 1.6. matin cows Group, choir ion, Ontario Category General nterest T.verhey Waters norporte, Vice Chir (Gategory:Prosucer Interest V.Anetisani ‘Omaiweld integrated sotutons, Assocote Bunington, Ontario M0. caries LUncon Electric Company of Canada Limite, Associate Misssoug, Ontario Ni. carington TSE Steal, Calgary, Alberta Category: Prosucer Interest Chessman Mac stet td Catuile, Ontario (ategory: Produce Interest ‘.caliton Fleasway ine Associate Sit Joh, New Brunswick MAL ior Martham, Ontario Category General inert RM. Grant Grantee Engineering Constants inc, Hammonds Pins, Nove Sata (Category: User Interest. 4. Hobos Hobbs Material Engineering Limited, Associate Dartmouth, Nova Seata P.Halloway Holloway NDT & Engineering Ine, Georgetown, Ontaro Gategory User interest Wo Jara Roren Chambly, Quebec Associate My 2018 (© 201¢ canadian Sonar Anccition 75. Keay K kerk Mi. tarek L tudwig A. Mecartney ‘Gu. Mennian| Te Nguyen, LW. oon 1A. Packer NA. Paoin 2 Radon sNctavatin, Stotn', Newfoundland and Labrador Category User intrest Ok & Associates in, Er, Ontario Category: User Interest RapidSpan structures Ut, “Amswone, Brits Columbia Category Producer interest ParioEnginearing and Environmental Sciences, Concord Onan (Category: User interest Enbridge in, Edmonton, Alberta Omniveld integrated Solutions, IMiton, Ontare EXP services ne, tendon, Ontario Category: User Interest Conestoga Clloge, ‘Cambridge, Ontario POW Technolagles, Ingersel, Onearo Category: User interest University of Toronto, Toronto, Otaria ProWeld Engineering, Toronto, Ontario Category: User inerest Pisburgh Stee! Group, Missauga, Ontario Category: Producer interest (2018 canadian Standard Ascation Associate Asocite scsocate AsociateM.Razatin santagon S.Seola v.valdya T.Van toon . Watbridge 4. Whalen wight S. MeDiarmid rasweld in, Rehmond Hil, ontario Gategory User interest 65 canada Ine, ‘Québec, avebec (Category General meres cai, Homesiood tins, USA Category: User interest. Techno Vorue, Beaconsfield, Quebec (ategory: User Interest SELECT-SAl ne, Green Valley, Ontario Category: General Interest University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ntaria Ctegory: General Interest Canadian instute of steel Constrvcton (SC-ICCA), Martham, Ontario Category: General aerest Walward Steet, Eamento, alberta Category: Producer nerst CsAGroup, Project manager Toronto, Oeario “This edition is decated to the memory of. Robert Roy, Png. who during his 30 years of ative Involvement non the W58 Techrieal Committe showed urvelenting passion the highest competence, and deep engagement inthe interests of the Canalan welding industry gaining the respect of a committee members who were privilege to serve with him. In particular, hs expertive in wong metallurgy and mathematical modeling significantly enhanced the provsions ofthe WS9 Standard, Rob leaves a herage of durable professional achievernents ané memories of his colouful and ataching persoalty 1 2018conadin Stoners Action 9Offshore Welding Task Group (Annex U) RM. Grant 1 campbell Fe Fee RLM. Federking Harker J. Hobbs OR cian A.Mecariney NA. Paolini 4. Robertson Po Rogers S. Mebiarmid Grantac Engineering Consultants ne, ovoir ammonds Pain Nova Seatla lursey Engineering Ie, Conception Bay South, Newfoundland and Labrador Iain M Campbell Consuting, Daremouth, Nova eatla ‘CON The Community College of Now Brunswick Bathurst, New Brunswick National ReseerchCounel Canada, Ottawa, Ontario aes, Geveiand, United Kingdom Hobbs Materials Engineering Limited, Dartmouth, Nova Sota ewe Group, ton, Otro Omniveld integrated Solutions, Milton, Ontario ProWeld Engineering Toronto, Ontario Moths Fabrication ne, ‘Miramichi, New Brunswick Suncor Energy ne, Slain’, Newfoundland an Labrador csA Group, Project manager Toronto, Ontario me (©2010 cana Stands Aston 0Preface ‘This the tenth edtion of CSA W58, Welded steel construction. It supersedes the previous eons published in 2013, 2003, 1989, 1884, 1982, 1977, 1970, 1946, nd 190, ‘The followings 2 brit description of some ofthe most significant changes tothe current etion of SA WSS; 4) Cause 3has been revised to add several tel othe prequaife ft. 1b) Clause Shas been updated toad clrfiation on the requirements related t hydrogen esignators, ©) Clause 7has been reworked to provie clarity on roles and responsi for welding inspection 4) Clause Binciuces corrections related to terminaogy, equipment, and flaw length sing Clbration requirements have been revised to rellec digital instrumentation Allowances forthe use of an iterative ultrasonic technique and ralographic Imaging systems have been added ©) InClause 10, all the figuras have been reworked into anew format which arranges prequafied Join by jit type rather tan by welding process, 4) Asthis Standard contains ne commentary various non-mandatory annexes have been included to generate a beter understanding of certan aspect of welded steel construction. Th annexes of the previous edition ofthis Standard have genealy been reviewed for laity. adlion, | Annex W has been added to provide adtional requirements for welding consumables, ‘weed fabcation techniques, weld eps, demand eral welds and welding Inspection for Seismic force resisting system (SFRS) of structures. 1) Annex hasbeen ede to define an sterntive ultrasonic examination techique or manual ‘onventinal and manual phased aay ultrasound, New acceptance criteria ware developed for equivalent sensitivity tothe feed attenuation (Clause 8.2) techlaue ‘Thi Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Welding of Bridges, uldngs, and [Machinery andthe Offshore Welding Task Group, under the urissetion ofthe stratege Steering Committee on Construction and ivi infrastructure, and has been formal approved by the Techn Commitee, 1) Use o the singlr does nat exclu the ll ond vice versa when the sens allows 2} Atiough the nen primary appltion of hs Standard tes int Scope is imortant 0 note that i ‘emai the respanabity ofthe wero the Standard to judges sitet Jor hi are pupose 3) Ths Sandord was developed by consensus, whichis defined by CSA Poe governing Sadardustion~ Cole ‘of good practs for tndarantan a “avbstntol grerent Coens mach more than o single. ‘moor, bu ot necescarly noninterest wt definition thot o member moy be nce i {he Teco! Commie ton ye ot Be in fl agreement witha cuse of hs Standar. 4) To suis request oriterretationo his Standard please send he aowing information f2 uiies@esegroupor an inuse Reaves! oriterretation” ine sabe ie 1} define he problem, meting reference tothe specie cause, and where appropri, nude on strove steteh 1») prove an exlonton of ccumstncssuroundng te acu fd contin: on ©) where pose, pase the request in such away at Speier no" ons wl adress the Mey 2018 (© 2018 conadueSwards Asociaton 135) ThiStondord it subject review with five yrs from the dt of pbleaton Suggestions fer ts Improvement wl beefed tothe apeopite cane. To submit apropos fer change, plese send the [allowog nfometen to nqurles@esogroup.ory on inclde "ropa fr change in the suet ie 3} Stondrd designation (ramber 1) relevant cause ol and/or figure uber ©) ovdng of the propoces change ne (rationale forthe change 1“ (©2010 condi Sandor Aiton My 2018W59-18 Welded steel construction 1 Scope 1a “This Standard covers welding requirements for carn and owally weld steel construction, withthe ‘exception of those types listed in Clause 12. Requirements that are essentially common toal such structures ae covered in Clauses 3 10, while provisions applying special a stata ooded structures and to yeealy-loaded structures are Included in Clauses 11 and 12, respectively. 12 ‘This Standard snot intended to apa to pressure vessels o a stuctres governed by special codes such a5 those ofthe American Petroleum Institute, the American Society of Mechanical Englnees, or the American Water Works Assoiaton, 13 ‘This Standard includes provisions forthe following: 2) shielded meta ate welding (SMA; b) submerged ar welding (SAW); ©} metal are welding (GMAW), 4) as tungsten ae welding (GTAW); f) fhaccored are welding (FAW), 8) metakcored are welding (MCAWh 8) elecrosisg welding (ES; 1) electrogas welding (EGW); and |) stud welding (SW) processes. 4 “The provision of this standard are not intended for use wit steels having specied minimum yield sRrength over 700 MP (100009 ps). 45 “his Standard apples tothe welding of base metal 3 rm (1/8 In and thicker. In cases where base ‘metas ess than 3 mm (2/8 in thick ae to be welded to base metals 3 mm (1/8 In) and thicker, the requirements of AWS D13/AWS D1.3M and this Standard app nthe eave of any confct between |AWS DL3/AWS D1.3M and tis Standard, the requirements ofthis Standard govern Noten cates where base metals than 3mm (1/8) hk ae to be weed to Bese metas ls thon 3am (A76in, the requvemens of AWS DL-3/AWS DL 3M moy be appropiate Mey 2018 © 2018canodun Sonor Aiton 1516 Tis Standard does not address safety problems associated with welding and welding practices. Note 4 W172 adresses safety in weg, cating, and alles process, and shuld be followed inode to ‘ny apleabeworplce heath and safety legislation in eft Ite responsibilty of the sero ths Standard {@estobshcpevoprete softy ad heath practies and to determine the opal of registry ttn, a7 This Standard doesnot adress the welding of stalniess stels. For welding of stainless tel the provisions of AWS D1 6/AWS O1.6M may be used forthe delgn of welded connections, preaualificaton fabiaton, and inspection Note: Se SA 47.1 for guidance related tothe qulfcaton of welding personel and welling paces for 18 ‘This Standard does not address underwater welding activities. 19 In this standard, “shal” is used to express a requirement, Le, a provision thatthe wer is obliged to satisfy inorder to comply with the standart “shoul is eed to exoress 4 recommendotion or that which is advised but not required; and "may" is used to express an option or that which s permissible ‘within thems of he stand Notes accompanying causes do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpse of & rote accompanying a clause sto separate fom the text expanator or informative materia Notes to tables and figures are considered par ofthe table or fgure ane may be writen 8s requirement ‘Annexes are designated normative (mandatory or informative (non-mandatory) o define their ‘palieation 110 ‘The values gvon in Sl unit are the units f record forthe purposes ofthis Standard, The values given in parentheses are for information and comparion oly. 2 Reference publications and definitions 2.1 Reference publications ‘his Standard refers tothe following publications, and where such ceferences made, it shall be to the cediton listed below esa croup 1951962 (withdraw) Surface texture roughness, waviness, ond fey) c4020/600.21-13 ‘Generl requirements fr rolled or welded structural quoltystel/Stuctura quality steels 16 (©2010 cana Stondrt Ascation Mey 2018so14 ‘Conacan Highway Bridge Design Code Design of ste! structures ‘wa7.1.09 92018) Cerfieation of companies for fusion welding of tel wae-18 Filer metals and alled moter for metl ar welding war72a2 Safty in welding, cating, and ali processes wa7eaaa Ceriction of welding inspection organizations wa7ezas Cereication of welding inspectrs CAN/cSAAsO 4341-1 (R016) Welding consumables ~ Wire electrodes and well depts for oas shielded meta are welding of on alloy ond fine grain steels — Cessation ‘iSc(Ameriean institute of steel Construction) AANSYAISC 341-10 Seismic Provision or Structural See Bulngs AansyAisc 358-20 Prequalified Connections for Special ond Intermediate Stee! Moment Frames for Seismic Applations AP (American Petroleum Institute) ‘AP Speciation SL13 Speciation for Lie Pipe, For fith Edtion ASTM International pejasnaasa Standard Specification for General Requirement for Role Strutt Stee rs; Plates, Shapes, nd Sheet Ping 6/a36M14| ‘Standard Specfeaton for Coron Structural Stee! -853/AS3M-12 ‘Stondord Specification for Pipe, Stee, Black and Hot Dipped, Zne-Cooted Welded ond Seamless ‘n106/x1066-15 ‘Standard Speciation for Seamless Corbon Stee Pipe or High Temperature Sevice My 2018 © 201canan Sundar Asacition "7iBY/al3ziMt4 ‘Standord Speciation for Stractura tel or Shins ‘n139/A1396-16 Standard Speciation for Electric Fusion (Ac}-Welded Stel Pipe (NPS4 and Over) saurjazaners ‘Stordard Spedicaton for High Strength Low-Aloy Structural Stee! 381-96 (2012) ‘Standard Specfication for Metakarc-Welded Stel Pipe for Use with high Pressure Transmission in Systems| ‘AAAL/A841M.88 [ita Speciation for High-Strength Low-Aley Stuctuel Manganese Vanadium Ste! ‘496/8496M.07 ‘Stardord Speciation for Stel Wire, Deformed or Concrete Reinforcement ‘500/as00N13, ‘Standard Spedfieaton for Colé-ormed, Welded ard Seamless Carbon Stee Structural Tubing in Rounds ‘ond Shapes aso1-18 Standard Speciation for Hot Formed, Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing asuayasianeas ‘Standard Specfiction for Migh-ieéStrength, Quenched and Tempered Alo Stee Pat, Suitable for Welding '8S15/A515410 (2015) Stondord Speciation for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Stel, for Intermediate ond Higher- Temperature Sence -AS46/AS164-20 (2015) ‘Standard Speciation for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Stel for Moderate. ond LowerTemperature Senice ‘AS17/AS47.40 (2015) ‘Stonderd Speciation for Pressure Vessel Plates, Aly Steel, High Strenath, Quenched and Tempered 52496 (2012) ‘Standard Speciation for SeomiessCorbon Stel Pipe for Atmospheric of tower Temperatures 29/08206-14 Standard Speciation for High Suength Carbon Manganese Stel of Structural Quality ass7/as37M13, Standard Speciation for Pressure Vessel Plates, Heot-Teate,Carbon-MoganeseSilcon Steel 18 (©2018 canon Stn Action Mey 2018'A570/4570N198 (thrown) ‘Standard specification for Stel Sheet and stp, Corbon, Hot-Rolled asrziasaMas ‘Stonderd Spezfetion for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanaclum Structural tee! AsTa/As72.33 Standerd Specfeation fr Structarol Carbon See Plates of improved Toughness ASBa/AS86M-15| Standard Specification fr High-trenat Low Aly Strctura tel upto 50k [245 Mo) Minimum eld Pont 04 with Atmosphere Corrosion Resistance ‘Asas/asgsnen4 ‘Standord Specification for Stel Tubes, Low-Carb or High Strength Low-Alloy, Tapered for Structural -A6D6/A6O6NAS ‘Stonderd Speciation for Stel, Sheet and St, High-Strength, Low-Aliy, Hot Role and Cold-Rolled, with improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance 4607-98 (withdrawn) ‘Stondard Speciation for Steel, Sheet ond Strip, High-Strength, Lowey Columbium or Vanadium, or Both, Hot Rolled ond Cld-Raled ‘As 18/8618 (2015) ‘Standort Specification for Hot Formed Welded ond Seomiess High Strength Low-Alloy Strctural Tubing ‘n633/n69N-13, ‘Stonderd Specification for Normalized High-Strength Low Aly Structural Stel Plates ‘A709/4709N-13, ‘Stoned Specification for Strctural Stel for Bridges Ar.O/A710™02 (2013) Stondard Specification for Precisitation Strengthened Low-Carbon Nickel Copper Chromium ‘Molytdenum- Columbium Alloy Structural Steel Plates .A808/A8O8N-008 (withdrawn) ‘Standard Specfieation for High-Strength, Low Alby Carbon, Manganese, Columb, Vandium Stel of ‘Structural Quality with improved Notch Toughness aBaT/naaria ‘Stondora Speciation for Cold formed Welded ond Seamless High-Strength, low-Aloy Structural Tubing with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resstont '8852/A852-03 (withdrawn) Standard Speciation for Quenched and Tempered Low Aloy Structural tel Pate with 70 ks (485. apo] Minimur Yield Strength on [10 mm ick Mey 2018 (© 2018 cade Sonar Aseition 191913/A913M15, Standard Specfeation for Nigh Strength Low-Alloy Stel Shapes of Structural Ql, Produced by the ‘Quenching ond Sel Tempering Process (257) aszayasz4n13 ‘Standard Specjiction for Genero Requirements for Steel Sheet, Metalic Coote bythe Ht bp Process 2992/4992M-11 (2015), ‘Stondard Soecjfeation for Structural tel Shapes ‘1008/8x006M-128 ‘Standard Speciation for Stel Sheet, Cold-Rolled Crbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High ‘Strengen Low-Alloy with improved Formabilty Solution Hardened, ond Boke Hardenabilty atons/aonamas ‘Standard Speciation for Stel Sheet ond Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon Structural, High Strength Low-Alloy, High Swength Low-Alloy with improves Format, and Ul. High Strength ‘a1018/A10180-15 ‘Standard Speciation for Steel Sheet ond Strip, Heavy Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Commercil Drawing, Structural High Strengh Low-iloy, High Strength Low-Alloy with improved Formebilt and Utratigh Senge Atoas/asosse1s ‘Standard Speciation for Cold-Formed Welded Corbon Stee Hallow Structured Sections (HSS) i236 ‘Standard Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Wardnes of Metalic Materials 94-06 (2010) “Standard Gude for Rockogrophic Examination euoaz ‘Standard Hordness Conversion Tables for Metos Relationship Among BrnllHrdness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hordness, and Slerascope Hardness “Standard Proctice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments 165-12 “Standard Practice for guid Penetrant Examination for General Industy 709.15, ‘Standard Guide for Magnetic Porte Testing AWS (american Welding Society) ee ‘Standard Symbols for Welding, roving, and Nondestructive Examination 20 (© 201 canon Sender Asan Mey2018a3 0M/A3.0-10 ‘Standord Welding Terms and Definitions; Incuting Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering, Therma Cutting and Thermal Spraying ‘a43-93 (2016) ‘Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusble Hydrogen Content of Martens, Bint ons [erie Stee Weld Metal Produced by Are Weng AS o1M/AS.01-13 Welding Consumables — Procurement of Filer Metals and Fuses A5.4/A5.1M12 Specification for Carbon Stee Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding ASS/AS S14 ‘Specfeaton for Low-Alloy Stel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Are Welding as23jas23mat ‘Speciation for Low-Alloy Stel Eetroses ond Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding 8. 28/05.2804.05 ‘Specfeation for Low-Alloy Stel Electrodes and Rods for Ges Shielded Are Welding 15.29/5.29M20 ‘Speciation for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Fa-Cored Arc Welding (c4-7 (R2010) ‘itera fr Describing Oxygen-Cut surfaces p1.as ‘Structural Welding Code ~ Stee! 13/01. 3m08, ‘Structural Welding Code — Shet Stel p16/0.6m07 ‘Structural Welding Code — Stones Stee! oct07 Stondord for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors {cG58/1s0 (Canadian General Standards Boar international Organization for Standardation) CAN/C688-48.97122006/150 9712-2005 Non-destrctve Testing ~ Qualification and Certfiation of Personnel {sc (Canadian institute of Steet Construction) “Moment Cannectons fr Seismic Applications, second elton (2018) 2018 1 2018 conan Sur Aseition 2‘1sc/cPMa (Canadian Institute of Steel Construction/Canadian Paint Manufacturers Assocation) 1733 1975), ‘A Quickdrying One-coot Pint for Use on Structure Steel 2275 (1975) ‘A Quickdrying Primer for Useon structural Stee! (SIcc (Canadian ste! industries Construction Counel) Industry Research Project No. 175, Strength of Arc Spot Welds in Sheet Stel Construction Industry Research Project No, 180 ‘Study of Hardness and Cooling Rates in Are Spot Welds (WIC Report RC 541-80) 150 (International Organization for Standardization) 3590:2012 Welding an ote processes ~ Determination of hydrogen concent nave weld metal INR (Nationa Research Counc of Canada) Nation! Bulding Code of Cone, 2015 LUsDOT FHA (U.S. Department of Transportation — Federal Highway Adminstration) Report No. FRWAAF-58:008 Heat Straightening Repois of Damaged Steet Bridges ~ Manual of rectice and Technical Guideine USAF (United States Ai Force) To2e141 Non-Destructive Inspection Methods, Basle Theory Wic/Csset Project (Welding Institute of Canada / Canadian Sheet Stee! Building institute) WiC Report RC 163 Fracture Tests on Are Spot Welds ‘other pubiiations Dexter, Connor R, Kactns,R. 1997, Fatigue Design of Modular Bridge Expansion Joins National {Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 402. Fish 1, Nusbaumar, A. esting Yen, 8. 1993, Resitance of Welded Beto under Variable ‘Ampiude ong-fe Fatigue Leading, NCHRP Report 354 Frank, KH. and Fsher, 1.1079, Fatigue Strength of Filet Weld Cruiform Sections, Journal ofthe ‘Structural Dison, ASCE Val, 105 S8, September: 1727-1740, Packer... and Henderson, E1987. Hollow Structural ection Connections ané Trusses, A Design Guide. Chapter 12. Canasion Intute of Stel Construction 2 (©2018 asin andar Acton Mey 20182.2 Definitions 224 The following defintions apply inthis Standard [Approved — epproved by the engineer. ‘Contractor — the fabrieator or erector who performs the welding, Contractor’ engineer — the professionali: qualified engnser responsible to the contractor for al raters within the scope ofthis Standard ‘Construction documents ~ the most recent IFC (sued for construction) drawings, specications, computer output, models an electronic dtl data used to govern the construction ofthe works Cw — the Canadian Welding Berea ‘Demand citca welds — welds designated by the engineerin the contract documents that are required tomeet the provision of Annex W. Design documents — érawings and specification, including computer models electronic documents and other data 2s prepared by the Engineer showing member ses and dimensions and all required forces fr connection desig, Le shears, axial ares, moments and orion, [Refer tothe governing technical standard for the entre tof mandatory requlrements), Engineer — the professionally qualified engineer who ats as the designated representative of the regulatory authorty or ofthe Purchase, as applicable, for all matters within the scope of this Standar, Fabrication and erection documents — a colection of documents (hard coy, electron and/or models) prepared by thefabriator and/or rector related to steal abication and erection. SS — hollow structural ection, January design temperature ~ the lowest temperature tor below which only a certain smal percentage ofthe hourly outde ar temperatures in January occur ae specfed inthe National Buluing {ose of Concd, ‘Low hydrogen — a term applied to consumables manufactured to deposit weld metal having @ specieg ‘maximum init te difsible hydrogen content or to processes having inherently ow aifusible drogen levels “Maltiple electrodes ~ the combination of two or more single or paral electrode systems Each ofthe ‘component systems has it own independent power source ad its own electrode feeder. Primary member — an elemento assembly of elements within a structural system that performs an ‘essential ole in load transfer and, on becoming ineffective, wil substantial reduce the oadcarying capac ofthe system, Primary tension members — a primary member or companentof# primary member, within a multiple Toad path structural system hat is subject to tense stress. Protected sone — areas designated on the stuctral design documents ae part ofthe seemie force resisting system that undergo lage inelastic trains lcommonly termed plastic hinges) and in which Tmtations apy to abiatien and attachments Mey 2018 (© 218 canaton todas ein 23Purchaser mer or owner's representative, Procedure Qualfeation ~ acceptance by the CWS or the enginee. Acceptance by the CWB may be |anted on the basis of one ofthe flowing at the discretion of the CWB: 8) rungs by applicable governing codes proving for pregualifie joints; 1) evidence of previous test data accumlted by the CWE, evidence of test data accumulated by the contractor witnesed by an independent author; or 1) testing witnessed bythe CWB, but ony if tem (l(b oF} doesnot app Selsmic fore resisting syst (FRS) — the structural elements inthe bulding that resist seismic lads Note: hese stractual elements must be enti inthe contac documents an inde the columns, bons, (aes, braces andthe connection: benaeen hee semen pec) designed ta res sani ad, ether Welding inspection organization a group competent in welding inspection that iether completely Independent ofthe contractor or does nt report ect to supervision responaibe for produlng the ork to be nepecte, 22.2 Welding terme refered inthis Standard are defined in Anne 3 General requirements 3.1 Qualification requirements 3.1.4 Contractor ‘When mandated inthe contract orn the governing design Standard, allcontracters performing work ‘unde this Standard shall comply with CSA WaT. for welded fabriatlons * examples CS. A S16 3.1.2 Welding processes 3424 “This standard covers the following processes: 2} shielded metal are welding (SMAW! 1) submerged arc weling (SAW €) gas meta are welding (GMAW) €) gas tungsten are (GTAW); 8} fccored ar welding (FCAW} f)metalcored ae welding (MCAW); 8) elctosiag welding (ESW); 1) electrogas weling (EWI: and 1) stud welaing (SW. Filler metals and alle materi forthe various processes shall conform tothe requirement et forth in CSA Was, except for Stud welding, which shall conform othe requirements of Cause 3.1.22 ofthis Standar, oy (©2012 cain Standard Ascoon My 2018Any welding process not covered dirty by CSA WA8 or not writen Into this Standard shall be subject tothe acceptance provsions of SA W47.1, 322 ‘Stud welding procedures shal conform tothe requirements of Clause and their approval shall be based on stsfacory tess prescribed in Cause Ha, 3.1.3 Welding procedures — Conditions of prequalification 34.34 Joints for SMAW, SAW, FCAW, MCAW (Spray transfer mode), GTAW, and GMAW (spray and pulse ransfer mode that conform othe provsone of laure 10 shall be deemed ae prequalified and, ‘therefore, approved for use without performing procedure qualification ests, provided that welding procedures also conform to Clauses 4, 5, and 10 * See Amex foro dscuson of medes of etl wansfr oss the ae 3.1.32 ‘ont detals may depart from those presrived in Clause 10, only ifthe cantractar haste proposed join and joint welding procedure qualifled in accordance withthe requirements of CSA WA7.2 34.33 ‘combination ofthe welting processes Ista n Clause 3.13.1 maybe wed to weld a joint deemed a prequalified under the requirements of Clause 10. In such instances, te joint geometry shall meet the provisions af Clause 10 for both process; when ths orcs the ont shal be deemed a prequalified nd, therefore, shall be approved for use without performing weiging procedure quafstion ts, 3.1.4 Selection of type of groove and welding procedures Unies otherwise specified inthe contract documents, the selection ofthe typeof groove, the geometry ‘of preparation, the welding process, and the elated welding procedures shall be te responsibity of the contractor's engineer, 3.2 Base metal 3.2.1 General Stee! tase metal tobe welded under ths Standard shal conform tothe requirements ofthe CSA or [ASTM Standards ited in Clauses 322 and 3.2.3 or other recognized specications of equivalent welding quality as determined bythe contactor’ engineer and approved bythe engineer Eaunalant ‘welding qual shall be established on the basis of composition and carbon equivalent. Carbon ‘auivalent shal be determined in accordance with the International Isttute of Welding formule Ean = CoMnyex(creMor/SH(NH-Cu/S 3.2.2 ¢5n 640.21, ‘Steel base meta tobe welded under this Standard shall conform othe requirements of CSA G40.21 In the following grades 3) 260W (38W) and 260WT (387); 3) 300w (ea) and sow (44w; Mey 2018 (©2010 cana Sanders Acton 25©) 345\WM (SOW), 245A, 350W (SOW), ISON (SOW, 350A (50), 350R (SOR) and 350AT (Soar 4) 320W (SSW) and 380W (5; €)400W (GoW), 400WrT(SOWT), 400A (608), and 400A (EDA); 4) 450 (65W) and 4S0W7T (65W7; 1) 480W (70W),480¥rT(7OWT), 430A 708), and ABORT (OAT): 1) Sow (B0W),SSOWT (SOW), 550A (308), and SSOAT (SORT) and 1) 79001000} and 7000 (20007), 3.2.8 ASTM Standards Steel base metal to be welded under this Standard shall conform tothe requirement of the following ‘ASTM Standards in the grades ited in Tables 11.1 and 12. 3) sa6/aa6u: ) Assyasam; ©) At06/aa0e @) AtSi/AL3IN )ALBO/AL30N, A) azazyaonaNt, ) A38i; hy Agaajaasan |} ASOOVASOOM; 5 Asox; 4) asiajasiam: 1) asisjasisat mm) ASIG/ASIEM; ) ASH7/ASL7M; 0) AS24; )_AS29/as29M; )AS37/as37M, )_ASTO/ASzON 5) aSTZasTaN 8) AS73/A573N 1) -KSB8/ASSBM, 385 MPa (50s) minimum yield point to 100 mn 4 in) thik ith propertios table for welding} ¥) ASBS/AS95N WW) ASQ6JASDGM (Types 2 and 4; Type 4 shall have properties suitable for welding a) Aer; ¥) AsiB/AsisH 2) A633/A6330; 23) A709/A709N; ab) A7I0/A7I0m; 3c) A806/A808m; fg) A847/Ag87™; 3} A852/A8524 3H), AS13/A013%5 3g} A992/0002% 3h) A1oos/atocaM, a) Atouyato1uM, i) A1028/A10180; and 26 1 201 candi Standard Ancor My 20182k) 1085/0854, 3.2.4 API Standards Steel base metal tobe welded under this Standard shal conform ta the requirements of API Speciation SU ln the grades sted in Tables 11.1 and 12.2 3.2.5 ABS Standards Steel base metal tobe welded under this Standard shal conform tothe requirements of ABS inthe grades ised Tables 12.1 and 12.1 3.2.6 IACS Standards ‘Stel base metal tobe welded under ths Standard shall conform tothe requirements of ACS nthe grader listed in Tables 2.1 and 12.1. 3.2.7 Lloyds Standards ‘Steel base metal tobe welded under hs Standard shall conform tothe requirements of Uoyd in the arades sted in Tables 1L.1 and 12.2, 3.3 Welding terminology "Most ofthe welding terms ued inthis Standard are defined in AWS A3.0M/A30, See AnnexE for 2 Selected list of dations dervd fom that Standard. Annex alo Includes definitions of terms used in this Standard that are not covered in AWS A3.OM/A3.O. 3.4 Symbols Wilding symbols shal be 25 shown in AWS A2.4, See Annex fr symbols from that Standard and additional conventions developed for incorporation into tis tondara, Spec requirements shall be fully explained by notes or deta 4 Design of welded connections 4.1 General requirements 4-14 Documents 401.1 Design documents atta The dese octal itl a formation neces fr reparation of aetna ren 4aaa2 Wilded structures shall be designed to permit adequate acessbilty to the joint uring construction. 4aaa3 Inspection requirements shal be defined on the plans orn the specications. oy 2018 © 2010 Cason Sandor Alin a4a444 In the case of partial joint penetration groove wel, the design documents shall specify the required effective throat (1) as defined in Cause 4.3.18 Design documents shall show groove weld requirements, Le, complete jens penetration (CP) or partial joint penetration (PP), flows (G) settee dros one aw ie (e)} Seteete thes onte ther side Special groove etal shall be specled, where required 4a44s Inthe case of filet welds o groove welds In skewed jolts, the design document shal spac the require effective throat (E) 35 defined in Clause 45. 41146 The engineer shall ldentfy welded joints that ae cyclically laced in the design documents or construction documents. nthe absence of any identied celal Welded jit, the provisions of Clause 11 shall apply. 4.1.1.2 Fabrication and erection documents saa2a Complete information regarding locaton type, size, and length ofall welds shal be clearly shown nthe fabrication and erection documents. The documents shall stinguish between shop and field welds and shal distingulsh groove weds as ether CIP or PP. Note: or welding symbols see Annes D. 44422 Inthe cas of partial joint penetration groove welds, fabrication and erection documents used inthe ‘shop or fea shal spect the groove depth (S} and geometry applicable to the effective tron eared for the welding proces ad postion of welding to be ured, 41123 Inthe case of wal In skewed joints see Figures 48 and 4), fabrication and erection documents sed inthe shop or fl shall specfy the efecive lg 2 (5) or filet welds or effective throat cor groove weld as appropriate. In the case of grave welds, aditional information tothe welding smb! shall be required to allow for in-process measurement. This maybe contained inthe tal ofthe welding symbol ‘ron an additonal sete, 28 (©2018 cannon Sondre scion ey 2018saan Special febriation procedures shal be prepared and issued with or onthe fabrication or erection documents where its important to minimize shrinkage stresses or distortion o to control the general Sequence of fabrication operations. 4aa2s ‘The required weld lengths specified onthe fabrication ar erection documents shall be the effective lengths as specified in Clause 3. 4.1.2 Lamellar tearing Note: ee tone for aston! formation op lm taring Corner oF Toit details causing trough thickness tensile tresses resulting from welding executed Under condone of etait shall be aolded when possible If his typeof joint cannot be avoided, measures shal be taken to minimize the possibilty of lamellar tearing! such as the selection af matrals with improved through thickness duct 4422 In the ase of comer joints using single bevel or grooves, the preparation shouldbe as shown in Figure a. 4:1. Requirements for welds 4.1.3.1 Types of welds aag4d Forth purpose ofthis Standard, welds shal be assed as groove, filet, plu, or lot welds 41342 ‘complete joint penetration groove weld i defined as one having fusion of weld and base metal ‘throughout the thickness ofthe jl. For adaonal condition dfing complets ont penetration welds that are considered a prequaliig, see Clause 10.1.1 Joints welded from one side forthe fl thickness of materi and 28) utsde the provisions of Clause 20.1.1; 1) where this welding involves the ute of backing material ther than tee 1} where mo backing is used, but where welding le dane by a" casistion welder, ‘may be given the status of complet joint penetration welds only when qualified in accordance with appropriate provisions of CSA W47.1 (except fr flare bavel groove welds, see Cause 4.3.16). Upon similar qualifation, the same status may be given to joints welded from both sides without back ‘outing provided thatthe use of such ints is approved by the engineer. The engineer may require Bedtlonal quality control measures in production a5 a condtion of Rs approval Mey 2018 12 2018consin toto Aiton 29sore oles conaracton 4aaaa ‘> pata joint penetration groove weld is defined as one having joint penetration less than comple, For adétional conditions defining paral jolt penetration groove welds that reconsidered Prequalified, se Clause 10.12. 443.4 Flare groove welds shall eas defined in Clause 43.15 see also Annex), 4.13.2 Continuity of welds 4ag24 ‘Groove welds shall be continuous forthe fl length of he jin, except as provided in Clause 4.1.3.2.2 ‘or as otherwise permitted bythe engineer. 41322 Members of an assembly connected by groove or filet welds throushout their length may, a pln of ‘external framing, have ational welsng to accommodate the external load, bu this need not be continous forthe ful length ofthe members, 41323 Filet welds may be continuous or intermittent. Fot restrictions onthe use of intermittent filet welds in ‘yccalyloaded structures, see Clause 12.414) 441324 ‘Al corners of ots provided fr filet weld shall be rounded and the filet welds shall extend completely ‘round the periphery ofthe sts (see Clause 4.4.2.3) fillet weld along ony one side of he slot may be used ont when specfied or approved bythe engineer. 4.1.8.3 Use of welds 4133.4 Groove and let welds maybe sed transmit any combination of loads using the factored resistances 23 defined in Clause 11.3 for stateallytoaded structures ora defined in Clause 12.3 foreplay onded Structures. 41.332 ‘Snge filet and singe partial joint penetration groove welds shall at be subjected to bending about ‘he longitudinal ad ofthe wed if produces tension atthe root ofthe weld 41333 Fillet welds may be usd in joins with fsion faces forming an incuded angle of 60" to 135° (see Figure 48), Angles less than 60" may be used; however, in such cases the weld shall be considered tobe pati joint aenetaton groove wel. For anges over 135, let welds shall ot be relied upon to transit calculated loads (see Clase 45). 30 (©2010 nein Standards Acciation Mey 201841334 Plug and slot weld in ap joints may be use to transmit shear or to prevent buckling or separation of lapped pants, except as governed by the provsins af Clause 12414) Plug and slot welds on ‘quenched and tempered stels maybe used only with the express consent of the engineer. 4.2 Design values ‘The factored resistance for base and weld metal fr stataly loaded or cyclically oaded structures ‘proportioned by limit states design methods shal be as given in Clauses 1132 or 123.2, respectively, For eyical-oaded structures, where applicable, the allowable ranges of stresesin the base and weld ‘metal under the specie loads sha be as gv in Cause 12.34 "Note: To reference te alowabl ses design nfomaton onthe allowable sree fo bate metal ad the lemoble stresses on eect tretoreas of welds or Stately or eeeay loaded tures se en § 43 Effective weld area, length, throat, and fillet size 43.1 Groove welds 43.1.1 Effective weld area The effective area of groove weld salle the elective weld length muted by the effective throat. 4.3.1.2 Effective weld length ‘he effective weld length for any groove weld, perpendicular or skewed tothe direction of stress, shall be the with ofthe pat joined, 4.3.1.3 Effective throat for complete joint penetration groove welds The effective troat of a complete jeint penetration groove weld shall be the thicknes ofthe thinner pat jlned. There shall beno increase in elfective throat for weld relforcament 4.3.1.4 Effective throat for partial joint penetration groove welds The effective throat of partial joint penevation groove weld for joint with no root opening shall be the depth ofthe chamfer tess 3 mm (1/8in for grooves having an included angle athe root ofthe roowe less than 60" but not less than 45" The effective throat of part ent penetation groove Weld shal be the depth of chamfer for grooves having an nuded ange atthe root ofthe groove of 60" or aeater ee Figure A) 4.3.1.5 Effective throat for partial joint penetration groove welds with reinforcement The effective throat for shearing forces of 2 paral jint penetration groove weld enforced witha ilet wed shal be the shortest distance Between the rot ofthe groove andthe surface of the filet less 3mm [1/8 in), where such reduction is required by Cause 4.3.1.4 (se Figure A.) When a patil joint penetration grove weld reinforce with filet weld i subjected to tensile forces normal othe axis ofthe wea, the factored resistance shall be gven by the expression in Tale 11.2 Wherein Ay shall be determined by the foregoing effective throat ines the wel length, 4.3.1.6 Flare groove welds Note: Cause 43.61 not applicable tothe fbn of pen web tee ot Mey 2018 (©2010 cain Standards Aston a4.3.1.6.1 Flare bevel groove welds in butt joints 431.644 2 fare bevel groove wold in 3 but inti the joint configuration formed between a member with 2 ‘curved surface and an edge of a planar membe [e, suchas the jin formed between th curved ‘come ofan HSS truss chord member, tubing, or round bar andthe end wall thickness ffl faced SS web member (see Figures 8.2 and 4.3 and Annex) 431.612 Fare bevel groove weld in but joints made fram ane sde may be designed as partial or complete joint ‘enetration groove welds. Only welds on backing material shal be considered complete joint ‘enetration groove welds (ee Figures 82 and 43), 431.613 Flare bevel groove welds butt joints made onto backing bars shal be considered to be complete joint penetration groove welds with an effective throat equal othe lzzr ofthe thickness ofthe plana edge ‘or the wall thickness ofthe HS member (se Figure 4.2) 431.614 ‘The effective throat for partial joint penetration flare bevel groove welds in butt joints shall not be eater than the wall thekess ofthe HSS member or 60% ofthe thickness ofthe planar ede (see Figure 4.3). 431.615 Where, fora given set af procedural cndltions, the contractor has established that he/she can onsistenty provide larger measured treats than these ven in Cause 4.3.1.6.1.4, the contractor may tablish such ger effective tvoat by qualifeston (ree Caure 4.3.6.1. 43.16.16 (Qualification requred by Clause 43.16.15 shall include the sectioning of a text ssembly ofthe curved surface}, normal tots as, ata location 80 mm (2a) from the stat ofthe weld to ensure that the effective throat is achieved in production, Such sectioning shallbe made ona numberof combinations lof materia shes representative ofthe range ved by the contractor The qualifation procedure and ny changes tothe estective throat habe acceptable tothe engineer 43. 2 Flare bevel groove welds in T-joints 431.624 ‘fare bevel groove weld ina Tein shal be considered 3 the ont configuration forme between 2 ‘member witha curved surface and a sutface ofa planar member 08 Figures an 4). 431.622 Fare bevel groove wel in eins made on ound bas or tubing having rai less than or equal to 10 mmi3/8 in) or on square/rectanguar HSS members (including 90" Hens informed sections) having ‘measured corer rai es than or equal to 10 mm(3/8 in) may be designed and detalles filet welds ‘but referred to as lare bevel let welds. The oot of sucha filet weld shall be assumed ta be the Intersection ofthe planar surface an a tangent tothe curve ofthe fae thats perpendiar ta the planar surface (see Figure 4, 2 12018 cenion Std section My 2018For welds not designed a fle, the throat shall be established through qualfistion eee Clause 43.15.28). 43.1623 Flare bevel groove welsin Tots made on round bars or tubing having radi greater than 10 mm (3/8 in) or on square/ectangular HSS memiets having fad greater than 10 rm (3/8 in], need not be lsh ith the tangent othe curve ofthe fare that sperpendular tothe planar surface see Figure 43). The wel may be entirety within the are, fush with it or extend beyond it by means of filet For design purposes, the efflecve throat shal be indicated by specvng 3 weld face greater than lor equal to. factor of 6 tines the required effective trot, subject to the folowing tra 2) For the SMAW process factor §= 17 1) For the SAW, FCAW-<, MCAW, and GMAW processes, factor 8 = 15. ©} The eective throat shall be indeated onthe welding symbol in brackets tothe aft of the Hare bevel weld symbol an the weld face width (W) noted below the flare bevel symbol (see Figure 5). A etal showing the weld face shouldbe provided onthe shop drawing, 1)The obtuse angle between the weld surface andthe planar surface salle greater than or equal 090" andes than or equal 0140" (8 Figure 4) ) For the GTAW proces, the contractors engineer shall determine the rlatonship between a ‘greed factors through testing 43.16.24 ‘where, for agen set of procedural conor, the contractor has ertablihed that he/she can consistently provide larger measured thvoat than those given in Cause 43.1,62.2 oF 43.1623, the contactor may establish such larger effective throats by qualification eee Clase 43.6.2), 43.1625 The effective throat for fare bevel groove wel in joints using round bars, tubing or HSS members, en ile Tush to the surface ofthe round bar, tubing, or HSS members, shal be shown in Table 4.1 Alternate at the option ofthe engineer, Clause .3.1.6.2.3 may be applied 43.1626 Where, fora given set of procedural contons, the contractor has established that he/she can consistently proude larger measured throat than thoze shown in Table 4, the contractor may ‘establish such larger efecve tvoats by qualifation (se Cause 4.3.1.6.) 43.1.6.2.7 Where the required effective tvoat of flare bevel groove weld in aToin using a round bar, tubing, lor Hs member i less than that provide by the wellle Mush tothe surface ofthe round bat, tubing, ‘Ss member the contractor may establish the required size by qualifeation (ee Clause 43.15.28) Inno case sal the provided eective throat be less than that shown n Table 4.2 43.1628 ‘Qualification requited by Clauses 43.1622, 43.1.62.4, 43.16.26, and 43:2.6.27 shall inclu the Sectioning of atest assembly ofthe curved surface}, normal ose, at location SO mim (2) rom ‘the start ofthe weld to ensure thatthe elective throat achieved in production. Such sectoning shall be made ona number of combinations of material sizes representative ofthe range used by the ‘contractor. The qualifeaton procedure and any change tothe effective threat shall be acceptable tothe engineer. Mo 2018 1 2018 Condon Sond Aaleion 334.3.1.6.3 Flare V-groove welds in butt joints 431.631 Fare V-groove welds can occur in ether of two configurations. One configuration resus from the sie byside ongtudinal entact between two curved surfaces (eq, the Joint farmed by side-to-side round bars, tubing, or HS members; See Figure 46). The other configuration i the result ofa bevelled edge of a planar surace butting longltudnally longa curved surface (eg, joint formed by the edge of pate and 2 smaleradus corner of an HSS meme, wit zero root gap, whereby the required penetration can be achieved only by beveling the edge ofthe plate to form a Vee Figure 7}. 431.632 ‘The effective throat of lar V-groove weld on ound bars, tubing, oF paired HSS members, when filed hush tothe surface, shall be as shown in Table 4.1, except that forthe GMAW process for rai 212 ym (U/2in, the effective tvoat shal be equal to 0.375 times the bar radius 2 Figure 4). 431.633 Where, fra given set of procedural conditions, the contractor has estabished that he/she can consistent provide larger measured throat than those given in Table, the contactor may extablich Such larger effective threats by qualfcation see Clause 3.1.6.3.) 43.16.34 When te requles effective throat o flare groove weld se than that provided by the weld fled flush tothe surface of the bars, tubing, o HSS members, the contractor may establish the equres Weld siz by qualification [see Cause 43.16.35) Inno case shal the provided effective throat be less than ‘hat own in Table 42, 43.635 Quaification reuired by Causes 43:1.6.3 and 43.1.6..4 shall include the sectioning of test ‘assembly ofthe curved surfce(), norma ots ax, ata location 50 mm (2 in) from the start af the ‘weld to ensure that the effective treat Is achieved in production. Such setoning sal be made on a ‘umber of combinations of material sizes representative of the range used by the contractor The ‘ualfcationprocecure ana ay changes to the effective throat shal be acceptable to the engineer. 43.2 Fillet welds The effective length of let weld shal be the overall length ofthe fullsize filet, inclaing end returns "No reduction in etecive length shal be made for either the start or termination ofthe waldf he weld | fullsize throughout is length saza ‘The effective length of» curved filet weld shall be measured along the centiline ofthe effective ‘throat the weld area of flet weld ina hole computed from ths length is reater than the area {ound trom Clause 43.3, then this latter area shall be used a the effective area of the let weld a (©2010 canadian Standards cation Mey 2010sa24 The effective throat (shall b the shortest stance fram the root to the face of the diagrammatic wold for al processes excent SAW. The effective tvoat for submerge ate welding may be considered the equivalent of the next larger filets, up to 2 mm as requires (1/16, provded tha the legs ate of uniform sxe and the welding procedure has been proven to produce sulcent penetration that the acta tvoat is atleast ‘equivalent tothe cograrmatetvoat ofthe next lager filet sz. Hewtever,the design documents shall Show the theoreti filet size required, The actal ste shall be nat les than the minimum required by Table 4 4325 ‘The relationship between the effective sizeof the filet weld (Seq) the measured sizeof he file weld (5) the rot opening, an the ange between fusion faces shall be as defined in Figure 48, The ‘measured sze ofeach fil (3 shal be the smaller of the two leg sites. Rook openings less than 2 rm (1/86 in) may be neglected 4.3.3 Plug and slot welds ‘The effective area of a lug or lt weld shal be the area of the hole inthe plane of the fying surface, when welded in sccordance with ouse 44.23 4.3.4 Minimum groove depth for partial joint penetration groove welds and ‘minimum length and size of fillet welds 4.3.44 Partial joint penetration groove welds 43444 ‘The minimum groove dept of single parti ont penetration groove welds or on each side of double para jane penetration groove welds shal be in accordance with Table 3. The effective throat shall be as defined in Clauses 43.1.4 and 43.15. (See Figure A) 43442 When combined with filet weld the dapth of groove forthe partial penetration groove weld, whether singe or double, shal be sch thatthe effective throat of the combined weld shal be nt ise than 2} that compatible withthe requirements of Table 4.3 for such grooves or 1) the minimom filet sce ae require in Table. 4.3.4.2 Fillet welds 43424 ‘The minimurn filesize as measured shal be as shown in Table 4.4, excep that the weld size need not exceed the thickness ofthe thinner part joined, unless larger siz is equied by calculated stress. For this exception, particular care sal be taken to provide suilen heat np to ensure weld soundness For welding of attachments to members that do not carry calculated stress, the requlrements of Table 44 need not appl. My 2018 (©2018 cman Standort Action 3543422 ‘The minimum effective length of let weld shall be 38 mm (1-1/2 in) or time the eof the filet, whichever i larar, ‘Where the geometry ofthe joint makes it impossible to deposit the minimum effective length the ‘effective filet ze shal be 0.25 tes its effective length 44 Details of fillet, plug, and slot welds 4.4.1 Fillet weld details 4aaa “The maximum effective sizeof let weld tobe assumed in desin shall be such that sresesin djacent base material do not exceed those permed 4442 The maximum filet weld size detailed along the edges of material shall be 2} the thcknes ofthe material for material ss than & mm (0/4 thik se Figure 4.12 detail Al 1b) 2mm (2/180 ess than the thickness of materia for material 6 mm (1/4 in or more in thickness {ece Figure 4.12 etal 6, uniess the welds designated on the deta drawing tobe bit out to ‘obtain fll hvoat In the aswelded condition, the dance between the edge ofthe base metl and ‘the toe ofthe fllet maybe less than 2 mm (1/16 in), provided thatthe weld ee clearly verifiable 4443 Fillet welds in holes or sot may be used to transmit shear o o prevent bucking o separation of Jained pans let welds oles or sot shall nat be considered plug or slot weds In any case the provisions of Clause 4.3.23 and of other clauses related ole welds should app. The diameter ofthe round hole fora filet weld should be sc times th filet sie, Aclameter less than she imes the filet size may be ued, provided that adequate root fusion i obtained. In any ese, the ameter shall be not less than the thickness ofthe part containing plus & mm (5/16) “The minimum width ofthe sl shall be the thickness ofthe part containing plus # mm (5/16) “The ends ofthe sot shall be semiircular or shall have the comers rounded toa ras nat lees than the thickness ofthe part containing, excep for thse ends tat extend to the edge ofthe part 44.2 Plug and slot weld details Note See Anne 8 fo adrenal nfermation on pl ond a welts sara ‘The minimum ameter of the hole or a plug weld shal be the thickness ofthe part contsining it pls {8 mm (5/15 ie). The maximum diameter shall be the thickness ofthe part pus 32 mon (7/16 in) 2-1/4 ‘ims the thickness ofthe par, whichever Is greater. The minimum centre to-centre spacing of lg ‘welds shal be fur times the ciameter of the hole Leer spacing may be used when spect or approved bythe engineer. 36 (©2018 cneion Stnderts recioion sy 20184422 ‘The minimum width ofthe st shall be the thickness of the part containing it pls 8mm (5/26 in). The macimum width ofthe lot stale the thickness ofthe par pls 12 man (7/26in] or 23/4 times the thickness ofthe oat whichever i greater. ‘The masimurn length of te slot sha be ten times the thickness ofthe part. Lengths exceeding ten times the thickness may be used when species or approved by the engineer. ‘The ends ofthe sot shal be semicircle. ‘The minimum centre-tocentre spacing of slot welds in a dteton transverse other length shal be four times the width ofthe ot The minimum eentre-t-centre spacing of st welds ina direction parallel to their length shall be two mes the length ofthe ot Lesser spacing in both dections may ‘be used when spectied or approved by the enginaer 4423 ‘The depth of filing of plug and slot weld in parts 16 mm (5/8 in) thik less shall be equal to the thickness ofthe pat In parts over 15mm (5/8 in) thc, it shall be atleast 0.5 times the thickness ofthe par, but not lass than 16 mm (5/8 in lesser depth of fling may be ued when specie or epproved by the engineer. 4.5 Welds in skewed joints 45a ‘The trm “skewed joints” applies to nonorthogonal T- and corner joints. Welds between fusion faces forming angles over 138" and under 30" shall not be used to cary clelated loads, unless acepted by the engineer (see Cause 45.5), 452 ‘The geometric relationships for welds in skewed las ar represented in Figures 48 and 49, 453 Standard welding symbols might not be sufcien to cover skewed joints. Skewed jints may lo be Setalled on sketches showing desired joint, weld configuration and se, the effective throat, and at ‘ther pertinent detls see Figures 4.8 and 49) For anges between fusion faces from 60" to 135" Inclusive the ingiaton ofthe effective throat sna required (se Cause 4.3.) 454 ‘The minimum weld sie for a skowed joint shal provide a wel cross-section ares equivalent to that etermined in accordance with Tabe 4 fora even base metal thekness, 455 For obtuse dihedral angles, a preparation may be provided to obtain the desired effective throat (ee Figure 49). n particular, a preparation may be used to allow the weld teary calculated load when neal angles exceed 135", If preparations used, all applicable provision for gat joint penetration groove welds shall be follows. My 2018 (© 2010 conan Senders Aiton 37ws Wold coercion 456 “The relation between dinedral angle andthe effective throat shal be 3 lows: 8) 60" 505135" the effective throat (shal be considered equal tothe theoretical twat (7) (se Figure 8); 1b) 45° 0-60" the lfctve throat shall qual the theoretical throat redced by 3 mm (1/8), unless larger effective throat i established through procedure qualifiaton (se Figure 4.8) 2nd 6) €1<45" the effective throat shal be established through procedure qualification (see Figure 4). 457 ‘ith the exception of joints in accordance with Cause 45.6), skewed joint may be deemed prequalified, povided that all applicable requirements concerning joint geometries, processes, and Positions a5 defined in Cause 10 re met. 46 Fillers 464 Filer may be used in 4) splicing of pares of ferent thicknesses; and 1b) connections where, due to essing geometric alanment, offsets must be accommodated to permit simple framing 462 2 filer of 6 mm (1/4 in) ores in thickness sal not be sed to transfer stres, but shall be ket ash with the welded edges of the stres-carrying part. The sizes of welds long such edges shall be Increased over the eguied sues by an amount equal the thickness ofthe filer (ee Figure 4.1), 463 ‘filer over 6m (1/4 nn thickness sal extend heyond the edges ofthe splice plate or connection ‘materiel an shall be welded tothe part on whichis ted with suffllnt wel to transmit the splice Bate or connection material stress. The wel joining the spice plate or connection material to the filer Sha be suflent to ansmit the slice plate or connection materi stress and shall be long eneugh to {avoid overstressing the filer along the toe ofthe weld (see Figure 4.1). 4.7 Seal welds aga Seal welds are intended primarly to provide a degree of tightness against leakage. Seal welds are not strctual welds Therefore, seal welds shall nt be included in any tength calelations andthe requirements of Table 43 or 8.4 need not apply. Seal welds shall be spactied by indeating the term "eal weld inthe tal ofthe welding symbol. Since seal welds may cary stress, uve consdertion shall be given to weldment deta eg, possible edstrbution of stressor for eye loading 472 When structural welds ae ako intended to provide abarlr against leakage, they shal be detaied for such purposes. The use of the term "seal wel shall not be used to describe structural welds. Structural ‘wel intended tobe leak tight shall meet il te provisions ofthis tandar. 38 (©2018 candi Stands Acton Mey 2018473 The us of Causes 47.1 and 47.2 doesnot necessary guarantee a specie degre of ek tightness When leak tightness is crtcal tothe performance ofa sroture, appropriate esting should De perlormed, ‘Table 4.1 Effective throats of flare groove welds filled flush (Gee Clauses 43.1.625,43.16.26,43.16.2,and 431633) Radius, Flare bevel groove welds Flare V-groove welds Re i0mm ‘See Cause 42.1622 ; > 10mm o3R osat * Ne applicable to GMAW using the short ckeuting ranefer mode of metal deposvon. 1 Except 0.375 R fr GMAW process with Roreoter than or equa to 12 mm (1/2. Noe: = reso rend ar bing, or measured corer ra of HS member Table 42, Minimum effective throats of flare groove welds (Gee Clauses 43:1.62.7 and 43.1634) Flare bevel groove welds Flare V-groove welds 0258 oR 1) The eof ny snl pass wer these of theft pass of matinee wad sal be sch ae 2 Ini the oss of cocking. 2) frou fund br utng or measured corer dus of MSS member My 2018 (2018 Cenion todos Asian 39Table 4.3 ‘Minimum groove depth for partial joint penetration groove welds (not combined with fillet welds) (Gee Clauses 434.1.1,43412,47.1,10223, 10323, 10423,and 10523) Minimum groove depth* bevel grooves J Uearooves Groove angle | Groove angle | Prequalified “Thickness ¢ Sasrand 60" | S60" sroove geometry mm [on mm [my [mm | Gn) mm | inp ea tie @ [sae [s fans [5 [ans nets jypersxa fio fae fe fae fo |e woctsw |amctstaa [un |rne a sas fe [sas wocrseo frypersre [san fo aye x0 fam wocrsiso |ryectss |e |o@ fas jan as fa ao25 mm Tin) ‘Remave to 25 mm in) depth andrews * Maximum aggregate ength of repair welds (remova” constitutes repr) permitted is 20% of plote {ength, over 20%, opproval ofthe engineer sl be require. 1 No remedial work shal be coved out without the approval of the engineer. 2 (© 2010 canon Snr scaton(pananuog) a EI (uy se0r "woo lumsal nose ive ose ing pasoeebese tam opera sq spas “es vs Pu MYDICE MUS 1 2018condan Standards Aiton 7”tid coercion (omunuaa) pee spe ese oowavene3 oY “Avia a | a ara nso ormod ye wedaeyon joss {teint issue YH MS (Papnppueg) e's Te, "(pomunwea) ‘ommnpeey ns Avs Poe OH AE MS (ponunues) e's 214% 1 208 Condon Stndod sociation(pomune09) (aguas stan sasoup yt 0f 0 « aow'a 8m Salen so'n'a'e ype (ponunuo9) es 1a,"zr pue rr sae 28 vonassnpaponzae Bp og (pepnppuea) e's are, (© 2010 conan Santor Aettin ” Mey 2018Table s.4* Carbon equivalent and minimum single-pass fillet weld sizes to eliminate preheat (SAW only) (See Clause 572.2) Carbon equivalents Plate thickness 035 [oso [oss [oso [055 [0.60 ta [2 welded of = 407 mm —[&mm —[&mm [20mm [40mm —| 42 min — (est/2weided tore 11/24) | 5/2610) | 6/16) | (5/1619) | /8in) | (378m) | 4/216) Yo 12 welded wo r= 40 Sam [Smm [10mm [10mm [1mm —|iémm (oawelded rere ry/24) | 5/16.) | (761) | 8%) | B/N) [0/2 | 6/8 in) The provisions of thie Table donot apply to Q and T tel. Cys Cotte /er(eraon¥) 7 50{MnCa) / 15. ‘nw international Intute of Welding). The analysis used in determining the carbon equvolent may be obtened fram 1) onoys ofthe plate materia 2) the mil test cerfeates: or )_the material speffeation using the maximum composition allowed In the specfcion ' For ASTM AS72/AS72M, Grodes 60 and 65, and CSA G40.21, Grades 400W, 400WT,A0OAT, 80W, and SOW, his thickness is 20 mm (3/4). Note See Aes P for ian Table S.5 ‘Workmanship tolerance for groove welds (Gee Clause 545.1) Root not gouged Root gouged 1 Root face ofjant e2mm —_(21/16in) | Notlimtea 2 Root opening of joint without | s2mm ——‘(a/6iny_— [Ram a/b la) Steel backing “3mm Fysin) ‘ect opening of joints with steet | 46mm ———(44/4in)-_—_| Not applicable pecs 2mm antein) 3: Groove angle of joint ae ae . = 70 (©2018 cana Stnderds section Mey 2018+) Figure 5.1 Weld access hole dimensions (See Clause $3.8) cig aa etna roy Nosed . i (ote) Tease faite aafeme Mes Leis) roe ! ew Optional method for ‘making omer as oie sone | wa 7 _rooe welded shape riers ene 1) "Far ASTM AR/AGM and CSA G8020 Group 4 and stapes ond welded bul. up shapes with web thickness ‘nove than 38 1/2) great 65° [150 7} port thermal eating, ond nd and inspec! tmermoly cot espero oro hole sing magnetic parte ode penerotion methods ir to making Web ‘and flonge spe wel. 2) elute roi sooth nteh free tronstin: R10 rn (3/8) pl 12. (1/2 53} ewer opening made fer lin wed flange 1) Access opening mas before welaing web 0 long. Wed no retumed though pening 5} Tse are eal etal forjnts weld from onesie against stel ecking. Alene ot designs oud beconsaeed 16) Pr 20m (9/4 nar eb thickness) whichever greater Mey 2018 (© 2018canaion Sandor Asotin 7Figure 5.2 Depth, width, and width of face in welds (Gee Clause 551.5) 2 whom BS fon J 2) shams weld showing 8 shamatiot wisp sowng Set cpanel ‘Sather oa (©2018 cana tndrt Asciation Ny 2018Figure 5.3 Acceptable and unacceptable weld profiles (See Clauses 59.1 and 5.93 and Figures U2, U.3,and US) etc ace tae nathafthe wlfr nolo pct, om bin 2) Desirable Flee We Profiles f FF Siete 7 er racine db === fe SOAS sue! seo) 9 Unacceptable Flee Weld Prafe Note: freer ha roteceed Som 8 4) ceptable Groove Weld Proilsin Batons £eSt EY ERY ERI 9 Unacepable Groove Wel Profs in Bt Jin Mey 2018 (© 201 candin Sandan Action a1wore Wold sto crsracton 6 Stud welding ote: louse contains the mandotory provisions fo td welling tobe wed under ths Stondord. Motrs ‘equrersents nd stud bose guaiieoton requirments oe icluded in es 6.1 Scope Clause 6 stpulates speci requirements for 43} workmanship, echnique, preproduction testing, operator qualification, and appiation ‘ualfcation testing when required; and 1b) inspection and rept equicements of stud welding uring production. 6.2 General requirements 624 Studs shall be of «design stable for ar welding to see! members with automaticaly timed stud welding equipment. The typ, sze or diameter lorgth, ad lestion of studs shall be as specie by the onericion and design documents, r special proweons as approve by the engineer see Figure H.? for dimensions and tolerances of standard type shear connectors, ‘The minimum distance rom the edge of the stu to the edge ofa flange shal be the diameter of the stud plus 3 mn (1/8) but peferebly not les than 38mm [1-1/2 in unles specified otherwise on the design document 622 An are shel fru) of heat resstant ceramic or other suitable materia hall be urished wth each ud 623 [A sutable deouldaing and are stabiling Mux for welding shall be furnished with each stud of 8 mm (5/ 1 in) ameter or larger Studs les than 8 mm {5/16 nn eameter maybe furnishes wth or without fox 624 ‘iy studs with stud bases quale in accordance with the requirements of Clause H4 shal be use ‘ha ashe used in production shall be the same type a Used in st base qualification tess ores recommended by the manufacturer. 62.5 [At the option of the purchaser the contractor shall be required to submit studs of the types used under ‘the contract for check quafiction in accordance wit the procedures of Cause. The contractor ‘shall be responsible forthe performance ofthese tess. tthe option of the purchaser tests may be performed by the contractor or the stud manufacturer 6.3 Stud application qualification requirements 6.3.1 Prequalified positions Studs that ae shop of fl applied in the fat (own-hand) postion toa planar and horizontal surface re deemed prequsifed within the extent ofthe manufactiers sud bate quafeation tat (Annex Hi) and no further testing i required other than the procedualcontras of laure 6 and inepection| a2 (©2010 canadian Standards Accaton ay 2018requirements and reparproceduesof Cause 6.6. The lint of lat potion is defined a 20" to 15° Slope onthe surface to which the stud I apeled 6.3.2 Non-prequalified stud applications Non-prequalifed stud applications that require tests ofthis section shal be 2) studs that are applied to nonplanar surfaces or to fat surface ina postion other than the flat, 1b) studs that are welded through decking the tess shouldbe done with materials representative of the conltons to be uses in constrton); and 6) studs welded to materials other than steel groups 1,2, or 3 sted in Table 1.1 oF 12: ‘The contractor shal be responsible for the performance ofthese tests. Tests may be performed bythe contactor or the stud manufacturer Witnessing f these tests by the CW is non-mandatory. {6.3.3 Base material for qualification tests Test specimens shal be prepared by welding the studs being qualified to specimen plates of SA G40.21 3000 (44W) steel or any ther material sted in Table 11.1, Groups 3, 2,03. 6.3.4 Test variables to be recorded Weld position, nature of surface welded to, curent, and time shal be recorded, 6.3.5 Test specimens Ten specimens shal be welded consecutively using recommended procedures snd stings foreach ameter, postion, and surface geometry. 6.3.6 Bend tests (nonthreaded studs) ‘Alten specimen studs shall be bend tested by being bent 90" rom thelr oxgina axis. A stud application Stall be considered quad if al tan specimens pass. Fracture may occur in the plate or shape materi forthe shank ofthe stud but notin the wel 6.3.7 Bend tests (threaded studs) Five specimens shall be bend tested in accordance with Clause 6:36. 6.3.8 Torque tests (threaded studs) Fve specimens shall be toque tested using 9 torque test arrangement thatissubstantily in secordance with Figure 6.2, 6.3.9 Acceptance criteria ‘stud application for threaded studs shal be considered qualified if all five ber tests of Clause 6.3.7 satisfy the crteria of Clause 6.3.6 and, n adstion the five test specimens of Clause 63.8 are torqued to estruction without alice in the wel 6.3.10 Replacement of end tests (threaded studs) ‘The contractor or stud appieatr may, at hsfher option, authrie the ben testing of toraue testing of allen specimens in eu of bend testing hve specimens and torque testing ve specimens Mey 2018 1 2018conadan Standards Action 9363.11 Test data Application qualifeaton tet data shal nelude the following 2} rawings that show shapes and dimansions of studs an arc hel; 1b) a complete description of stad and base materials anda derrption (pat number) of the are Shel and ©) Welding postion and stung (cure, tine ‘recor, including al test ata, shal be made foreach qualification. Ths record shal be maintained for ach contract. 6.4 Technique and workmanshi aa Studs shall be welded with automaticaly timed stud welding equipment connected toa suitable source of dreccurent straight polarty power Welding voltage, current, ine, and gun settings fort and lunge should beset at optimum settings, based on pas practice recommendations of the stud and ‘equipment manufacturer, or bath oan "wo or more stud welding guns are to be operated from the same power source, they shall be Inteiocked so that only one gun can operate at atime ands tht the power source has uly recovered from making one wed before another weld i started 643 Wile in operation, the welding un shall beheld n postion without moving unt the weld metal has soled 644 tthe time of welding, thestus shal be ree from rus, ust pts, ol or other deleterious mattr that ‘would adversely affect the welding operation. 645 ‘he stud base shal not be altered by panting, galanizing, or eaemium plating pir to welding 646 ‘he areas to which the studs are tobe welded shall be free of scale st altura other injurious ‘material to the extent necessary to obtain satisfactory welds, These areas may be sutabl cleaned by ‘wire brushing, scaling, nding. or other suitable methods ‘The suitability of he surface conditions fr stud welding shall be assessed by implementing the requirements of Cause 55, 6a7 “The arc shields or ferrules shal be kept dy. Any ar shields that show sgn of surface moisture frm dew oF rin sal be oven red at 120 °C (250°) for 2 h before use. 4 12018 cennian Sonor Aaccon Mey 2018,aN 648 When the base metal is below =18 °C(0"F), welding of studs may be done only with the expressed ‘consent ofthe contractors engineer Welding of studs shall ot be done when the surface s wet or ‘exposed to fling rain ar snow. When the temperature ofthe base metals below 0°C (32), one _dstional stud in each 150 studs welded shall be tested by methods specified in Clauses 6.4 and {555, except that the angle of testing shal be approximately 15° These tests aren aon tothe fst ‘wa studs tested for each tart of new production and te those require by Clause 86. 649 Longtudina and aterl spacing of stud shear connectors with respect to each other and to edges of beam or gleder flanges may vary by « masimum of 25 mim (in) from the locaton shown onthe sign documents while maintaining povisans fo minimum adge tance. The minimum distance from the tego ofthe stud tothe edge ofa ange shall be the diameter ofthe stud plus 3mm (1/8in) but Dreferably not les than 38mm (1-1/2 in). The accuracy of laation of other types of studs shal be such sto permit a workmanlike assembly of attachments without alterations o reaming, 64.10 ‘After welding are sields shal be broken free from shear connectors and anchor studs and, where practical, fom al other studs ant Std welds shall exhibit flash around the ful periphery ofthe stud. Note: The expels etal arzund the base ofthe tu devanted a flo Ocordance with the dfn of [shin Agar. ot et wed fred by convntanal re weld. The erpeled met whichis excess © {he weld equted fo strength, nox detrertl bt onthe contro resent t prove o 900d we The Contarment of is excess melten meta around welded stu bythe fer oe heat i scirig sun {ison of he entire cross section of the sd bse "he stad weld sh ay hove nofon nk eta eg and over on ts hontai ay contin ccesonl smal shintage furs ar cecartntis that fom othe fp ofthe wel ech with etn rosa {lonatuaial orientation, bath tthe xs ofthe tu. Such nonfat ei ofthe los ond eal Shonkae sures moy be acepabe 6aaz When welding directly to base meta the base meta shall be not thinner than 1/3 ofthe stud dame oats ‘Studs to be used in composite beams costing of tel sections or ots ntrconnacted with acellular Stel deck with conerete cover slab may be welded through a maximum of two ses ack sheets. Each thet shal be not more than L.7 mn (2067 in) in thicknes, inching in-conting to'9 maximum 2275, (680) (sro 824/A9240M). Otherwise, holes through the Sheets shal be requied for placing su Inspection of studs shall conform to the requirements of Cause 6, with procedural controls having been previously established in accordance with Clause 65. aad ‘Ate option ofthe contractor, studs may be filet welded provided thatthe following requirements are 2) The minimum filet sie tobe used sal be the larger of those requied in Table 4. oF 6.2. 1) Welding sal be done with w-hydrogen electrodes My 2018 (©2018 canadin Standort sition as©) The stud base shal be prepared so thatthe outside circumference ofthe stud fits Ugly aglnst the bace metal 4) Te surfaces to which studs ae o be welded shall ofthe stud hal alo be cleaned ©) Tae base metal to which studs ae welded shall be preheated in accordance with the requirements of Tables, Tre isual acceptance criteria shall met the requirements of Clause 5.8 9 the quirements of Cause 5.3.1. The end 65 Procedural controls 634 ‘The contractor shall maintain documentation covering recommended welding parameters for tud wong, Such 25 current, ime, it and plunge settings, ss well a orate pertinent requirements of this section, Note Acceptance by the G8 of sch documents nonmandoton 652 Before production welding witha particular set-up and with a given ste and typeof stud, and a the ‘beginning ofeach dy or shit's production, testing shal be performed on the rst two sts that are ‘welded. The stud welding technique may be developed ona separate pece of materia similar tothe rosuetion member in thickness and properties actual production thicines ent avaiable, the ‘hekness may vary 225%. al test studs shal be weed inthe same general poston as required on the production member. Tests on decking shal be done on the sae decking materials a hore used in production. ‘A the option ofthe contractor the fist two test studs may be welded onthe production member except when separate lates are required by Clause 65.6. 653 The stud welding set up sal incude the stud gun, power source, sus diameter gun ft nd plunge, total electrode lead length, changes greater than 5% in current and te, and a decrease base mel temperature greater than 15°C (27). 634 ‘The test studs shall be visually examined. They shall exhibit ash around the fll periphery of the stud 655 In sdtion to visual examination, the test shal consist of bending the studs, after they ae allowed to ‘00 to.an ange of approximately 30" from their original aes by either striking the studs witha hammer or placing a pipe or other suitable hollow device over the stud and manually or mechanically bending the stud. At temperatures Below 10°C (50), bending shall preferably be done by continuous slow application of load. For threaded stu, the torque test of Figure 6.1 and Tale 6. shall be bred forthe Bond tert, 656 ¥ on visual examination the test studs donot exhibit 360" flash orion bend or tou esting failure ‘occurs inthe welded zone of either stud the procedure shall be corrected! and two more studs welded and tested ona separate plate 26 (2018 cansin Sanders Aiton ey 2010Additonal test welding hal be continued uni two consscitive studs are tested and found satisfactory ‘we consecutive studs shall then be welded tothe actual member and teste, ‘The results ofthe testing shal rove to be satisfactory pio to continuation withthe prosction ‘welding ofthe studs. Ifthe tests onthe actual member donot prove stisactory,srocedures hal be Corrected by use of sample materials beore two consecutive stud welds are again attempted onthe Sctal member in accordance with the above, 65.7 (Once production welding has hegun, any changes made tothe welding stp as determined in Clauses 65.2 and 65.3 shall require that the testing n Cavies 65.4 and6.55 be performed prior to resuming production waldng. Where changes in base metal thickness are greater than 25% of the Ital thickness tested on the reduction work the fist two studs onthe eiferent production thickness shal be tested by bending to the requirements of Clause 65.5. 658 ‘Te preproduction test required by Clause 6.5.2, sucessful shal aso serve to qualify the stu welding operator 659 Before any production studs are welded by an operator not involved inthe pre-production set-up of Clause 65.2, the operator shall wel two studs and test them in accordance wth the provision of Causes 6:54 and 65.5, When the two welded studs have been tested and found satisfactory, the operator may then weld production studs 6.6 Inspection requirements and repair procedures 661 ‘Studs on which a full prihera ash snot obtained shal, a the option of the contract, be replaced bya new stud or repaired by adding minimum filet weld, whic shall be the larger ofthat required by Table. or 62, a place ofthe mising Nash, The epait weld shall extend at least 10 mm (2/8 in) ‘beyond each end ofthe dscontinulty belng repaed. The requirements of Clause 64.143, b), and) shall aso be met 66.2 If he reduction in the length of studs as they are welded becomes less than normal Le, thelength of stud is more than 2 mm (2/32 in) greater than the speci length, welding shal be toned Immediately and nt resumed unt the cause ha been corected, 6.6.3 Ifa stud has been removed from a component subjected to tensile stresses, the are fom which the stud was removed shal be ground smooth and sh. Wherein such areas the base metal has been pled out in the course of stud removal, rc welding in accordance with the requirements of this ‘Standard shall be ued tol the packets and the weld surface shal be ground fs, In compression areas of members, if tu false are confined to shanks or fusion zones of tds, 2 new sud may be welded adjacent to each affected ara neu of repair and vacement on the existing ey 2018 (©2010 anon Standort Aneto a7weld area (se Clause 649). If metals tor from the hase metal of such areas, the repair provisions Shall be the same as fr tension areas, except that whan the depth of sicontinuty she lesser of 3 rin (0/81) oF M4 the base metal thickness, the decantinaty may be fired by erining niu of filing the damaged area with weld metal. Where a replacement stu sto be placed inthe damaged area, the base metal repair shall be made prior to welding the replacement stud. Replacement studs othe than {he tvesded type, which shall be torque tested) shal be tested by bending to an angle of ‘approximately 15" rom thelr original aes. The areas of components exposed to view in completed Structures sal be made smooth and fush where 9 stud has been removed 664 Except as provided in Cluse 6.65, at least one nonthreaded stud in ever 150 shall be bent oan angle of 15 the stud fl, thee more ofthe exiting etc shall be bent. ay af these thee studs ay 9 further 10 studs shall be tested any of thse 10 studs fala ofthe stds represanted by the test 70u9 of 150 shall be tested. \When the temperature conditions of Clause 648 are applicable, the number of tod tested shall be increased accordingly 668 ‘any nonthreaged stud that hs been repaired by weling or any nonthresdad stud in which the reduction in lngth de to welding iess than normal, stall be bent to an angle of 15" Bending shall preferably be done by continval slow appliation ef load. For studs epaiced by welding when te ach Isles than 360°, the cretion of bending shall be oppose tothe missing portion of fas, ‘At temperatures below 0 (32) Impact loading Such as striking with 2 hammer shall nat be use, ‘tus that show no signs of fracture shal be acceptable for use an lel in the bent poston, unless otherwise requled by th engineer. Studs that rack nthe weld, the base metal or the shank under Inspection sal be replaced 66.6 ‘Any threaded stud that hasbeen repaired by welding shall be torque tested in accordance with Fgure 6.1 and Table 6.1. 667 Unless otherwise speci by the purchaser or required by Clause 6.66, threaded studs need nat be torque tested prior to final use. 668 The engineer, where conditions warrant, may select a ressonabe numberof addon studs to be subjected tothe ters epeifed in Cause 6.6.4 or 66, a applicable, 669 ‘he bent stud shear connectors and studs in ater applications that show no sgn of fare shall be lft Inthe ben postion Ino portion ofthe studi ss than 25 mm (la) om a proposed cancrete surface. 28 (©2012 asin andar Asstion sey2018Table 6.1 Required torque for testing threaded studs (See Clauses 655 and 6.6) ‘Nominal diameter Nominal fofstuds, | Thread | Testing | dlameter of | Thread pitch, | Testing torque, mm | pitchymm torque} | studs,in | fb 6 1.00 74 wa 728 UNF 65 ounce 83 @ 12s ve wae 2aUNF 133 a8UNC 9 0 130 355 ae 2aUNF 23 a6 UNE as = = = 78 2OUNF 373 saune 38 Fry 1s ws wa 20UNF 35 s3UNe 523 200 385 36 TBUNF Bo 6 200 17 we UNF awa mune 1038 » 250 7359 Er 36UNF 2050 30UNe ee 2 250 4080 78 TeuNF a3 uN. 2971 w 300 sues 7 2 UNF ‘083 uN asa ‘Table 62 ‘Minimum fillet weld size for small diameter studs (See Clauses 64.14 and 66.1) Stud diameter ‘Minimum fillet weld size ‘mm in mm im Gio wave 7/16 5 ane 2 aa 6 ya 16 sf 8 sn. 18 aA 0 3/8 2 78 n 716 2s 1 8 wn ey 2018 (© 2018 condin Stoner Aiton 29Figure 6.1 ‘Torque testing arrangement (See Clause 63.8, 655, and 6656) erst ae pete he se ofthe sta ‘naa asso ceon onde of cer athe th ese oft 7 Welding inspection 7. General 7.1.1 Contractor's inspector ‘The contractor sal be responsible for visual inspection of al welds regardless of any addtional Inspection required in contract documents. Such ispection shal be cared out by the contractors Inspection personne. ‘he contractors inspection personnel may be 2) emindividuls) deemed competent by the contractor: 3) a certied welding inspector certified in secordance with CSA W/I78.2 orn conformance with the Fequtements of WS QC 7.4.2 Third-party inspection ran When required by contrat, visual welding inspection shal be performed by either an indhidual welding Inepectr or welding Inepaction organization, 742.2 ‘A walding inspectr shal ether be current certified to CSA WI78.2 oF AWS QC or shall be stably ‘wained and experienced, to the satisfaction ofthe engineer, to ensure that adequate competency exists {forthe inspection tasks to be perce 90 (©2018 candin Standart Ascaton Mey 20107423 Welding inspection organizations shal either be certified to CSA WI7E.1 or shal provide evidence to satisfy the engineer that they are capabeof performing welding inspection, 7.13 Availablity of documents Complete fabrication o erection documents showing the sie, ength, ype and location of all welds that are tobe made shall be made avalble ta the Inspector. 7.14 Notification ‘The welding inspector or welding inspection organlzation shal be noted, n advance, ofthe start of any welding operations. 74.5 Access The inspector shall have access to the contractor's work tal easonable times and the contractor shall provide the inspector with reatonabe aesitance necestay for inspection uring manufacture and Upan Fompition, 7.1.6 Identification The inspector shall dentiy with aastingulshing mark al parts or ons that have heen Inspected and accepted 7.2 Inspection of materials ‘The inspector shal verity thatthe materials used conform to the requirements ofthe contrat 7.3 Obligations of the contractor 734 The contractor shal be responsible for meeting al the quality control requirements ofthis Standard 732 ‘The contractor shall comply with al equess ofthe engineer to corec improper workmanship and to remove and replace or correct al welds that donot comply with the constuction and design ‘documents o with this Standard 733 Inthe event that faulty welding, ors removal for ewelding, will so damage the base metal that its retention i notin accordance withthe intent ofthe plans and specications, the contactor shall remove an replace the damaged materia or shall otherwise rectly the deficiency ina mane Spproved bythe engineer 734 non-destrutve testing other than visual inspection Is nt sped inthe aiginal contract agreement ‘but is subsequently requested bythe purchasr ors authorized representative, the contractor shal perform any requested examination or shall permit any examination tobe performed in accordance ‘vith Cause 7.4 The purchaser shal be responsible fr al sscclated cost, Including handling, surface preparation, gondestructve examination, and repair of defects ater than those listed In ‘Clause 11.542 or 125.42, whichever s applicable, trates agreeable to both the purchaser and the ey 2018 (©2018 cana Stand Asacaton oncontractor. However If such examination dicoses gross nonconformance to ths Stand, cepa work Shall be done atte contractors expense 735 Ia level of quality exceeding that detaled in Clause 11.5.2 oF 125.42 f not spaced inthe orginal onract agreement buts subsequently requested by the purchaser ots authoraed representative, ‘there shal be agreement between the contractor and purchaser prior to commencement of any ackitional work. The purchaser shall be responsible forall associated costs in the repair of defects other than thse listed Cause 11 5.4.2 oF 125.4. whichever i applicable, a rates agreeable to both the pureharer and the contactor 7.4 Nondestructive examination Note Uses ofthis toned are cautioned tht each nner exomnation metho hos inherent lation Indetecana fowshovn speci octos and aientoton. Users shoul become ar with tee tations by cnsating appropiate etc sources and/or cid weling wspetonogonatons 744 \When nondestructive examination i require a5 apart ofthe contract in adtion to the vial Inspection required by this Standard t should beso stated bythe owner. his information shall esgnat the welds to be examined and the extent of examination ofeach weld and method of examination (08 ako Cause 7.34). TAR 7424 When radiographic examination suse, the procedure and technique shall conform to Csuse 8.1 and standards of acceptance shall bein sceordance with Clause 11.8.8. o° 12548, 742.2 When alternative aation imaging systems such as computed radiography (CR) or drect radiography (OR) ae used or required by contac the procedure and technique shall conform to Cause 818. 7Aa 743.4 When ultrasonic examination i sed, the procedure and technique shall conform tothe following 2} forthe xed attenuation (FA) technique: manual, conventional angle Beam UT in acordance with Cause 3.2. The standard of acceptance shall be in accordance with Clause 115.45 or 125.45; or ) forthe 76s technique: manual, conventional angle beam UT or manval PAUT in acordance with ‘Annex X and the standards ofaceptance defined therein Unless specified otherwise in the contract documents or reguled by the joint geometry the standard technique to be used shouldbe the fed attenuation technique in accordance with tem 3}. Alternative ‘techniques in accordance with Item b) may be used where agreed upon by te contractor and the ‘welding inspection organization 92 (©2018 canaion tndrds Aseciation My 20187432 ‘When alternative utrasoic systems such as encoded PAUT are used, the procedure an technique shall conform to Chuse 82.12 TA8 When magnetic particle examination is used, the procedure and techlque shal be in accordance with [ASTM E709 and the standards of acceptance shal be in accordance with Clause 115.42, 115.44, 1254.2, oF 1254 ofthis Standard, 748 For detecting discontinuities that ae open tothe surface, gui penetrant examination may be used “The standard methods st forth in ASTM E165 shall be used for laud penetant examination a the standards of acceptance shab in accordance with Clause 15,42 or 12.5.4.2of thi Stand 746 Where required weld shal be repaired by the methods permitted by Cause 5.10 747 Personne performing nondestructive examination shall be certified to Level 1,2, 3 forthe relevant ‘examination method in accordance with CAN/CGSO-48.9712/S0 S712, Level {certified personnel shall operate oni under the supervision of Level 2or 3 certified personnel 8 Radiographic and ultrasonic examination of welds 8.1 Radiographic examination of welds 8.1.1 General aaa ‘The procedures an standards se forth In this Clause govern atigrtphic examination of welds when such examination is required by Clause 7.4 These procedures are solely for examination of groove ‘weld in but Joints. Inspection of filet welds should nat be performed by radiographic methods a1az ‘Variations in examination procedure, equipment and acceptance standards not included in Clause 8.2 ‘may be used upon agreement withthe engineer. Such variations may include the 2) rediograph examination of let, Tor ener welds; 1) changes in source to fin stances; €} unusual application of fm for unusual geometries 4) unusual penetrameter application; ©} film types er densities; ane A) film exposure or development variations sey2018 (©2018 odin Sonor action 93£8.12 Extent of examination aaza Information furshe to the bdr shall clearly define the extent of radiographic examination e122 When complete examination is specified the entre length of the weld in each desieated int shall be examined. 8123 When parti! examinaton i specified, the locations and length of weld or categories of welds tobe tested shal be clearly designated n the contact documents 124 \When spot examination is specified, the owner shall incl the designated categories of welded jin tobe inspected and shall define th unit of length of weld presented by each 90t (eg, One =p0t pet metre, one spot per wab splice, ec). Since the use of spot test implies that samping il be involved, the bidder should not be made aware ofthe speci location ofthe weld spt) 3th Spot radiograph Should show at east 100 mm (in) of weld length with the weld image centres on the spot. When 2 Spot radiograph, representative ofa gwen unt length of weld, shows a defects (se Claute 8.1.4), the etect(s) shall be traced fr repair. Two addtional spots onthe same unit length of wel shall be Selected to propery sample the remainder ofthe original unit length of Wel. A defective condition In ‘ther of these spots shall result in the whole unit tength of wed Being examines radiographically 18.1.3 Radiographic procedure 8.13.1 General Radiographs shall be made by ether Xray or gana ray. They shal depict al portion of he welded joint, including the heat affected zones, witha Inererence from penetrameters orientation ‘markers. They shal be cean and re fom processing defects and shal havea dest of not less than 418 nor mere than 40. The density of any radiograph shall ot vary by more than O'S vera constant theless of work piece, Radiographs shall show 8} the tine of the penetameter; 1b) the essential hee inthe penetrameter andthe wire mensions as define in Table 81 or 8:2 ond Figure 8.1 0°82; ) the penetrameterentifcation number; 4) the adograph identification and locaton marks as indicated in Figures 83, 84,85, or 8.6 and requred by Clause 8.1.3.7. and ©) the outline ofthe shi, if eppicable 8.132 Penetrameter selection “he required penetrameters shall be determined trom Table 6.1 oF 82. 4 (©2018 aman Stands Assiation ey 20188.1.33 Personnel requirements Personne performing radographic image intrpetation shal be cried to Lael 1,2, 0F3 in ‘adlographic testing in accordance with CAN/CGSB-£89712/1SO 9712. eve 1 erties personnel shall ‘operate oniy under the supervision of Level 2 or 3 eerie personne. was 81341 The backing need not be removed from a weld prior to radiography unless is removal specified, nor does the reinforcement have to be ground or otherwise smogthed unless its surface regulates of juncture with the Base metal would cause weld defect to be obscured inthe radiograph In ether case, the stel under the penetrameter, including sims when required shal be equal 10 the combined thickness of the test late, the backing, andthe allowable height ofthe reinforcement, az sppliable. Inthe selection of ponetrametor thickness, the backing shall not be considered as prt of he joint thickness. 91342 Weld tabs shall be moved prior to radiographic inspection unless otherwise approve by the enginer. 81343 ‘The methodclogy of radiographic testing shall conform to ASTM E94 81344 Radiographic in shall be as described in ASTM E94. Fluorescent screens shall not be used Radiographic imaging plates fr computed radiography shall comply with a recognized international Standard such a ASTM E2446 or euivalent. 135 e135. Ifthe greatest and least thickness of weld connecting pats of ferent thickness cannot both be eniered with adequate contrat on a single fm witha single exposure, a dual film or dual exposure {echnigue shal be used to obtain sable contrast for both the greater andthe leas thickness ofthe ‘Weld Penetrametersontranston joints sal be chosen and postioned 2 shown in Figure 85 or 86 1382 Hote type image quality indicators ls) or wie Ia shall show cleary on each adiograph. The ‘minimum sumber and their requied location shall be a flows 8) Forel joining nominally equal thicknesses |) where a radiograph recesent 255 mm (10) or greater of weld length, two haleype oF ‘site type As placed a show in Figure 8.3; and 1) where radiograph represents less than 255 mm (10 in] of weld, one ole type 1} oF wire {ype ll placed as shoun in Fgure 8. My 2018 (©2010 canadin Sondre Acton 9s1b) Forwelds ata wansition in ticks: |) where a radiograph represents 255 mm (10in) or gresterof weld length, two hole-type IOs or wire type ais onthe thinner plate ard one hoe-ype IA or wie type lon the thicker plate, Crtwo wie IOs atthe alternate wie type Il placement location each a shown in Figure 25; and i) where radiograph represents less than 255 mm (10 in} of wel length, one hole-ype 1 on the ticker plate and one oleype Il on the thinner plate or one wire typeI placed on the weld a shown in Figure 8.6. ©) Whena radiogreph represents less than the outer edge ofthe area being ratiogrophed, [wires hall beperpenaiclrt the joint with the smalast wire onthe outer edge ofthe aea being radiographed 14) When 3 complete circumferential weds blag radlographed with single exposure and the radiation source is placed atthe centre of curvature, a least tree equally spaced hole ype or wie {ype 1s sal be used, 8136 Penetrameters shal be placed onthe side ofthe work nearest the source of radiation excep for ‘tubular structures) located as shown in Figures 8.3, 8.4, 85, or 86. Penetametrs sal conform tothe etal shown in Figure 8.1 0° 82. e137 1374 Permanent identification shal appear onthe radiograph that wl show postive correlation vith the ‘weld. The lnstion of uch identieaton shall bear shown in Figures 83, 84 8.5, o° 86, This Information may be provided by lead characters or other means suchas afl imprinter 813.72 Welded joins shall be radiographed and the fim Indexed by methods that wil provide complete and continuous inspection of the joint within the limits specied. Jon lms shall sow clearly nthe radiographs. shor fm, short screens, excessive undercut by scattered radiation, o ary other process ‘hat obscures potions ofthe total wel length shal render the aclgraph unacceptable, 81373 ‘ls shall have suffient length and shal be place to produce a lact 12 men (2/2) ffm exposed to erect relation from the source beyond each free edge where the wed is terminated ‘Welds longer than 350 mm (14 in) may be raiographed by overlapping flm cassettes and making 8 singe exposure or by using single fim cassette and making separate exposures. Provlons of Clause 8.1.3.4 shal apply 813.74 To check for bacscate alation, (when required) ead letter “8, 12 mm (1/2 In) high and 1.6 mm (0/36) thie shal be atached tothe back ofeach fm cassette. ifthe "B mage appears on the radiogra, thet shal be considered unacceptable and alternative methods to control the backeater Shall be employed 96 (©2018 cans Sonar Aeiton Mey 201081375 Fm wits shall be suficient to depict al portions ofthe weld jit, including the heat affected zone, an shall prove sulfcentaditiona pace forthe require lls and fim kdentfeation without Infnging upen the area of interest nthe radiograph, 813.76 ‘radiographs shallbe ree fom mechanical, chemical or ther blemishes tothe extent that they ‘cannot mask or be contused with themage of any discontinuity n the ares of interest nthe radiograph, Such blemishes may include but ae not mites to a) fonsngs 3) procesing defects such streaks, water marks, or chemi tins €)Seatehes, finger mars, rims, ar, state mars, smudge, o ear; 4) oss of detail de to poor sreen to fim contact and 6} fae indeations due to defective sreens, 813.7.7 Information requled tobe shown on the radiograph shal include the owner's contract identfeation, initials ofthe radiographic inspection company ina ofthe Fabrieator, fabricator’ shop order number, the radiographic dentication mar, date, and weld repair number f applicable, e130 a13e, Radiographs shall be made with a single source of radiation approximately canred with respect ta the lenath ofthe area being examined. Geometicunsharpness ofthe racsogrph shall not exceed the folowing values ‘Material thickness ‘Geometric unsharpness mm ‘mm = pte ~ st 2 ost 020 Over 7 51010 760 2t03 076 020 7600 102 3toa 1.02 080 12 4 7a 0.070 Note: Forte clean of pometic unshornen, se Gaur a3. The source to subject tance shal be not Iss than the ttl length of fm being exposed ina singe plane (tis doesnot appy to panoramic exposures) or less than Seven times the thickness of weld plus Feinfccement and backing, i any. Als, the inspecting radiation shall nat penetrate any portion of he weld shown in the radlograph at an angle greater than 26.5" froma ine normal tothe weld surface ey 2018 (© 2018 conan Sonor Asciaton 7139 “The minimum thickness of steal foreach racloacthe otope thet may be used on tel shoul be 35 follows a) 188 — 12 mm 1/2 1) Col — 38 em (1-1/2 in); and ©) Se — 10mm (3/8 ‘When its not practical to perform radiography within these limitation, or when rasloactve Isotopes other than the above ate used, the procedure shall be proven satisfactory by actual demonstration of [enetrametereslution on the minimum thickness ofthe material adiographed, 8.1.4 Acceptability of welds Wilds shown y radiographic Inspection to have ascontinuitis prohibited by Cause 11.548 oF 12544 sal be repaired by the methods permitted by Clause 5.10 or shall be removed nd subsequently revelded £8.15 Examination, reporting, and disposition of radiographs asa ‘The contractor shal provide a suitable highntensity viewer wit uffient capac to iluminate radiographs wth a density of 40 without dificult A varable-intensty luminator should be used e152 Prior to acceptance of a weld subjected to radiographic inspaction by the contractr for the ownet, al ofits radiogranh, including any that show unaceepable quality pir to repay and 9 report interpreting ther, shall be submitted to the engineer (Se Figure For 3 radlographic test report same} 8153 ‘ful set of radiographs of welds subjected to radiographic inspection by the contractor forthe owner, Inctusing any that show unacceptable qualty prio to repay shall be delivered tothe owner Upon completion of the work. The contractors obligation to retan radiographs shall cease upon delvery of {is fll st tothe owner, onthe even that delivery ofthe radiograph snot made tthe endef one {ull year ater completion ofthe contractor’ work. 8.1.6 Alternative radiation imaging systems 16.4 Wilds may be examined using ining radiation methods other than radiagraphy on fm sucha but not lited to, 3) radiseopy, ) computed radiography ane ©} direct (real tre} radiography. “These methods may ony be used if greed ton writing bythe engineer and the contractor, prior tothe examination. 98 (©2018 conn Stoners ein Ay 201001.62 In aation tothe certification required for adography on fl, inspection personne hall have completed a traning program specific tothe radiation Imaging system used 1.63 Inspections shal be performed in conformance with 2 written procedure that shall contain, at 2 minimum the following information regarding te radiation imaging method and examination techniques: 3) specfc operator waning requirements 3) equipment identification, induding monufecturer, make, and made ‘)_ radiation source type, st, end settings; 49) ype and thickness offiters used; 2} waldjoin type 4) wald thickness ange: 2} radiation source to weld distance; Fh) image conversion screen to weld distance; I) scanning pattern and speed ppscable; |) ange of radiation through the weld (from norma 1) typeof recording medium (ssitl image, vdeo recersing,radographic lm, or eter); 1) computer enhancement, image zooming (fused) rm) documentation equtements and 7} all requirements of Cause 8.1.3 with is equvalenc to radiation imaging systems, B64 Sensitty ofthe image 25 seen on the monitoring equipment used for acceptanceteection of welds and recording medium shal be ot less than that required in ths Standard for radiography on fr, 1.65 \Wire-type or holetype 1s shal be used and placed on source sie, except for tubular structures. The \ais shal be selected using Table 8.1 or 8.2. For stati examination, (ls shal be placed 2 described in Clause 1.3.5.2. Forinmetion examination, two Is shal be pestioned at each end of area of interest and tracked within the same ron, without exceeding 2m (10 ft} between each 2.1.66 Acceptance criteria of Cause 814 shal apo 81.67 Examinations, which ae wed for acceptance/rejection of welts, shal be recorded using 2 medium acceptable fo the engineer. A written record shall be included with the recorded images giving the following misimum information: 2) identieatin and description of welds examine 1) procedure used; ©) equipment used; 4) lation of the wold within the recorded medium; and ©} results, inluding» ist of unacceptable welds and reps, and thal location within the recorded medium sey 2018 (©2010 odin Standort Acton 998.2 Ultrasonic examination of groove welds 8.2.1 General 24a ‘The procedures and standards set forth in Cause &.2 gover the ultrasonic examination of complete penetration groove welds between the thicknesses of &0 mm and 200 mim (5/16 a and Bn), inlsive, hen such examination i required bythe stipulation of Clause 74. Utrasonc examination of parti penetration groove welds should nat be used. aza2 The techniques and search units permitted for ultrasonic weld examination shall include 2) Conventional angle Beam uteascic testing utiing the folowing 1) The standard fied attenuation (FA) technique characterized by 2248 per inch estimate of attenuation, reference senstty set ata sine point, large 2 to 2.5 Mie search uns, 2nd ‘resrbed inspection angles and corresponding ale speci acceptance criteria. Tis technique shal be performed in accordance with the equipment and procedures sulted in ‘Clause 82 and uses the acceptance criteria in Table 113 and Table 125, 1) ‘The akternative time corrected gain (TCG technique characterized by measurement of _ttenuation by performing a mit point sensitiv clloation over the sound path used. This ‘echaique maybe apie to both straight beam and angle beam examinations using a wide ‘arety of tansduce ies and requences. This technique shal be performed in accordance withthe equipment, procedures, and acceptance entra stipulate In Annex 18) Theaiternative manual phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT)wtiiing TCG technique subject to the equipment, procedures, and aceptance criteria stipulate in Annex ‘he alternative time corrected gain (16) techrique in accordance with tem a i and manual PAUTIN accordance with lem b} do not require the engineer's approval, but shal be used only by agreement between the contractor and the welding inspacn organization. Other alternative ultrasonic systems, incuding encoded PAUT and tne of ight fraction [TOFD], are subjact to writen agreement between the engineer andthe contractor in accordance with Clause 82.2, \ariationsin examination procedure, equipment, and acceptance standards not incuded in Clause 8.2 ‘may be used upon agreement withthe engineer. Such variations include other thicknesses, weld Bsometries, transducer ies, frequercies,couplant, et. 243 Spot radiography is suggested to supplement ultrasonic examination of elactosog snd electroges butt, Joi in materia 5O mm (2n] and over in thickness to detect possible piping pores. 8.2.2 Extent of examination e224 ‘he over shal leary identify the extent of ultrasonic examination 8222 When complete examination is pected, the entire length ofthe weld in each designated joint shal be examined 100 (©2018 canoion Standard Ascaton My 2008¢ ws918 ald el coracon 3223 When spot examination specie, the numberof spots in each designated category of weld o the ‘number requced tobe medina stted length of wed shal be included by the own. Each spot ‘examined shall cover atest 100 mm (4) ofthe weld length, When spt ultrasonic examination ‘representative ofa given unt length of weld shows defect, the defects shal be traced for repair nc ‘wo addtional spots shall be examined within the same unit length of wes to property sample the remainder ofthe original unt length of weld, A defect condi nether ofthese spots shal resin ‘the whole une length of weld being examined ultrasonic, 8.2.3 Personnel qualification (FA technique) Personnel performing ulzasone examination shal be certified to Level, 2, oF 3m rasan esting in accordance with CAN/CGS8-48.9712. Level 1 cried personnel zal operate only under the Supervision of Level 2 or carted personne 8.2.4 Ultrasonic equipment (FA technique) azar ‘The ultrasonic test instrument shall be ofthe dg, pulse-echo type, Analog instrument hall ot be used. The instrument shall be capable of operation over the frequency range of at least to 10 Mt shall produce # waveform dipay (A-scan) and tal readout of suflent vertical and hortontal resolution to permit accurate amplitude and time base measurement tothe raguementso this Standard andthe examination beng performee, 02.4.2 Straight beam search unt shal have the following properties 8) The transducer shape shall be ound, 1b) The ave efameter shall bein the range rom 13 mm {2/2 In 025 nm (i. 6} Thenomina equeney shal Ben the range from 2.25 05.0 Mie 8243 ‘angle beam search units shall consist ofa transducer and an angle wedge fallow (the unit may be comprised of two separate elements of be an integral unt) 23) The transducer frequency shall be between 2and2.5 Mi, inclusive The transducer crystal may be square o: rectangular in shape and vay in sie frm 25 ta 26 mm (5/8 toi) n wiath and rom 15 to 21 mm (5/8 to 13/25 0) n height (ee Figure 8.7), ©} The search ui shal produce a sound beam Inthe material being ested within 22° ofthe following proper ange: 77, 6" or 45% as deserbed in Clause 8.25022, {ach search nit sha be marked to indeate lary the frequency ofthe tanedacer, nominal angle of refraction, and index point (See Czuse 2.10.21 fora description ofthe index point location procedure) 1 Interna reflections rom the search unit with a screen presantation higher than the horizontal reference line, appearing onthe screen tothe right ofthe sound entry polat, shall not eeu beyond 13 mm (1/2 in) equvalert distance I ste! when the sens le eta ols: 20 dB ‘mare than that required to reduce s maximized horizontal reference lin height indation fem the 15 mm (0.08 i) dameter hoe inthe Intemational ete of Weng [IN-Tpe) reference block (se Figure 8) 4) The dimensions ofthe earch unt shal be such that the closeness of approach to the weld reinforcement shall nt exceed the requirements of Cause 8.21026, The seach unit hall be ey 2018 (©2018 nao Sande cote 101ws. Welded el comrton ‘postioned fr maximum inition fram the 1.5 mm (0.06 in} dlamete hole the IWType “albation Sock, 1) The combination of search unit and instrument sal resolve the thre hoes in the resolution test ‘block shown in Figures 89 and 8.10 {see Clause 82.10.25 for 3 deseription of the rearch unt postion) The resoition sal be evaluated with theinstrument cntrols set at normal test etngs and with indications from the hols brought to mic-sreen helght. Resolution shall be sufficient stinguish at least the peak of indications frm te three holes. 8.2.5 Calibration standards (FA technique) 28a The IW-Type 1 or Type 2utrasone reference Mock, defined in ASTM E164 and US Alr Force .0. 338-11, shall be the standard for stance callrtion and sensi elioratons. The 25 mm (0.069) side-ritg hoe ata depth of 15 im (0.500 in shal be defined a the standard reference reflector (ene ‘nox. other portable blocks may be use, provided the reference evel senivity for instrument/seareh unt ‘combination adjusted to be the equlvalent ofthat achieved with the IN-Type block. callrtion blocks used shall be ofthe same material ype and acoustic properties asthe material under ceramination 8252 Use of a "comer" efector for calloation purooss shall be prohibited. £8..6 Equipment calibration (FA technique) 826.4 {ain contol nearly shall be demonstrated tobe within 21 dB by postoning a stesight beam search unit conforming to the requirements of Clause 8.28.2 onan IW. Type Block so the ideation Irom the 115 mo (0.060 in sidered hole is peaked onthe screen. The gan shall be acute as shown below and the indeations shal fall within the specified limite Indication setat % of fall | aif control change Thdication mits % of fall 20% a8 3510 45% 20% “2 a8 1810238 4008 15.08 7110 30% 20% rT 7119 89% ‘Alternatively, any sultabe carbon steel reference block with any reference reflector within the Sensitity ange ofthe search uni / instrument combination may be used. This shall be performed at Intervals not to excees 12 mnths, 102 (©2018 Canaan tnd sion say2018