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$6Wdwhdqgdwudqvqdwlrqdouljkwlq8Oulfk%Hfndqgwkhpdwkhwklfv: 5 (68022suhvhqwhduwljrylvdghprqvwududlpsruwkqfldgdreudghxo

This document discusses Ulrich Beck's work on ethics and the transformation of society in light of globalization. It aims to demonstrate the importance of Beck's work, particularly his book "La sociedad del riesgo global", which warns of possible societal collapse if globalization's transformative effects like individualization, gender revolution, and global risks are not addressed. The authors analyze how Beck's work is relevant for a transnational state and law, and discuss ethics as an important concept. They argue that ethics is fundamental to supporting transnationalism and seeking balance amid globalization's changes through adapting law to society's demands for justice.

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ThaisFeliz
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
84 views14 pages

$6Wdwhdqgdwudqvqdwlrqdouljkwlq8Oulfk%Hfndqgwkhpdwkhwklfv: 5 (68022suhvhqwhduwljrylvdghprqvwududlpsruwkqfldgdreudghxo

This document discusses Ulrich Beck's work on ethics and the transformation of society in light of globalization. It aims to demonstrate the importance of Beck's work, particularly his book "La sociedad del riesgo global", which warns of possible societal collapse if globalization's transformative effects like individualization, gender revolution, and global risks are not addressed. The authors analyze how Beck's work is relevant for a transnational state and law, and discuss ethics as an important concept. They argue that ethics is fundamental to supporting transnationalism and seeking balance amid globalization's changes through adapting law to society's demands for justice.

Uploaded by

ThaisFeliz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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