CONCEPT MAP FOR HYPOVOLEMIA

PRECIPITATING FACTORS PREDISPOSING FACTORS

 Hot weather
 Age > 60 y.o & children < 6 y.o
 Excessive sweating
 Vomiting
 Pre-existing chronic conditions
 Diarrhea
 Burns
 Bleeding

Decreased fluid intake

Thirst and dryness of mucous

membrane
Decreased blood
pressure
Water loss

Fludrocortisone
Decreased intravascular
volume

1. Maintain bed rest

Loss of 2. Encourage pt to
Decreased circulatory increase fluid intake
Decreased
jugular blood volume
3. Put patient in
venous return
venous Trendelenburg
to heart (loss of
pressure position
preload to
4. Open IV fluids to
heart
increase blood
volume

Insufficient organ
perfusion

Brain Skin Heart Kidneys All body

tissues

Decreased
cerebral
blood flow
 CONCEPT MAP FOR HYPOVOLEMIA

Body vasoconstricts Decreased

in extremities to Decreased blood Decreased blood flow Increased lactic
preserve circulation pressure causes myocardial to kidneys acid production
to vital organs contractility
compensatory due to
increase in heart inadequate
Cerebral hypoxia Body loses more fluids rate to maintain delivery of
trying to cool down body perfusion oxygen
temperature

Renal Decreased
Progressive
 Cold, clammy, and Tachycardia ischemia glomerular Decreased
decrease in level of filtration rate
pale extremities clearance of
consciousness
 Decreased capillary lactate in kidneys,
refill liver, and skeletal
 Increased body muscles
temperature Oliguria

1. Monitor laboratory Muscle

data weakness
2. Maintain effective
Cramps
airway Acetaminophen
3. Monitor intake and Amlodipine
 Na
output Intravenous fluids usea
4. Maintain hydration such as plain NSS or
and prevent 0.9% sodium chloride
1. Encourage pt to
dryness  Sodium
increase fluid 1. Monitor oxygen
intake
bicarbonate
saturation and
2. Provide tepid arterial blood gasses 1. Record intake and  Tromethamine
sponge bath to 2. Monitor the client’s output accurately to
reduce fever monitor renal
central venous
3. Monitor intake function 1. Monitor vital signs,
pressure (CVP),
and output laboratory results
pulmonary artery 2. Monitor blood and level of
4. Monitor body diastolic pressure pressure and heart
consciousness
temperature (PADP), pulmonary rate
frequently
every q30 mins capillary wedge
2. Record intake and
pressure, and cardiac
output accurately to
output/cardiac index
monitor renal
function
3. Provide good oral
hygiene after
incidences of
vomiting

Legend:

Predisposing Factors
 CONCEPT MAP FOR HYPOVOLEMIA

Precipitating Factors

Medications

Signs and Symptoms

Nursing Interventions

Pathophysiology