Periodic Table of Elements
1 18
IA VIIIA
1 6 Atomic Number 2
H C Element Symbol He
Hydrogen Carbon Element Name Helium
1.008 2 12.011 Average Atomic Mass 13 14 15 16 17 4.003
IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
6.941 9.012 10.811 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
22.989 24.305 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB VIIIB VIIIB IB IIB 26.982 28.086 30.974 32.065 35.453 39.948
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.409 69.723 72.64 74.922 78.96 79.904 83.798
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
85.468 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.94 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.411 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
55 56 57 58-71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.91 137.33 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.207 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.967 200.59 204.383 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 90-103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
(223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (266) (264) (277) (268) (271) (272) (277) (284) (285) (288) (289) (292) (294)
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04 174.97
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
232.04 231.04 238.03 (237) 244.06 (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)
The atomic masses listed in this table reflect the precision of current measurements. (Values listed in parentheses are those of the element’s most stable or most common isotope.)
Accurate with the IUPAC as of November 28, 2016 Table created by Mr. Pedersen & Mr. Goldsmith
Specific Heat
Common Polyatomic Ions Activity Series Formulas
Negative Ions Metals Non-Metals J/g°C
D = m/V mol = g / MM
BrO3- Bromate Lithium Fluorine Ice 2.10
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 atoms/molecules = molar mass (grams) = 22.4 L of gas @ STP
CH3COO-1 Acetate Potassium Chlorine Water 4.18
ClO-1 Hypochlorite Calcium Bromine Steam 1.90 STP = 273 K, 1 atm, 760 torr, 760 mmHg, 101.3 kPa
𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉2
ClO2-1 Chlorite Sodium Iodine Aluminum 0.897 K = °C + 273 = Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3…..
𝑇1 𝑇2
ClO3-1 Chlorate Magnesium Brass 0.380
𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑥 𝐿 𝐾𝑃𝑎 𝑥 𝐿 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 𝑥 𝐿
PV = nRT (R = 0.0821 , 8.314 , 62.4 )
-1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝐾
ClO4 Perchlorate Aluminum Copper 0.384
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
CN-1 Cyanide Zinc Ethanol 2.40 𝑀= C1V1 = C2V2
𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
CO3-2 Carbonate Chromium Gold 0.126 q = m C ΔT
-2
C2O4 Oxalate Iron Iron 0.449
Activity
pH = -log[H3O+] pOH = -log[OH-] pH + pOH = 14 10-pH = [H3O+]
CrO4-2 Chromate Tin Lead 0.128
[𝐻3 𝑂+ ][𝐴− ]
Cr2O7-2 Dichromate Lead Magnesium 1.02 (#H) x MA x VA = (#OH) x MB x VB Ka = 10-pOH = [OH-]
[𝐻𝐴]
HCO3-1 Hydrogen carbonate Hydrogen Nickel 0.440
HSO4-1 Hydrogen sulfate Copper Nitrogen 1.31
MnO4-1 Permanganate Silver Steel 0.490 Water
N3-1 Azide Mercury Silver 0.235 Melting Point 0°C
-1
NO2 Nitrite Gold Silica 0.800 Boiling Point 100°C
NO3 -1 Nitrate Titanium 0.540 ΔHfusion 334 J/g
O2-2 Peroxide Vapor Pressure of H2O Tungsten 0.134 ΔHvaporization 2259 J/g
OH-1 Hydroxide °C KPa Zinc 0.390
-3
PO3 Phosphite 0 0.60
PO4-3 Phosphate 5 0.87
SCN-1 Thiocyanate 10 1.21
-2
SiO3 Silicate 15 1.71
-2
SO3 Sulfite 20 2.31
-2
SO4 Sulfate 25 3.17
-2
S2O3 Thiosulfate 30 4.20
Positive Ions 35 5.63
+1
NH4 Ammonium 40 7.30
CH3NH3+1 Methyl-ammonium 45 9.59
50 12.2
55 15.7
