Slide 1
OK I will continue the explaining, Now I will talk about alternative for future utilization of salt lake.
Actually has 4 alternative such as Solvent extraction, Ion-sieve adsorption, Electrochemical processes,
and membrane technology.
Slide 2
For the first is solvent extraction divided 4 extraction method. The first is Neutral extraction system, for
this method TBP as neutral organophosporus, kerosene as diluent, and FeCl3 as coextractant. This is
structure of several neutral extractants, the advantages is suitable and optimized for lithium extraction
from brines with high Mg/Li ratio, available efficiency for industrial application. Otherwise,
disadvantages is corrosion of material in the oxidative HCL environment.
Slide 3
The second is synergistic solvent extraction system, for this method TBP as extractant and FeCl3 as
coextractant. Advantages is reduce solvent loss, improve lithium recovery and separation factor, and
extraordinary effectiveness about 97%. Otherwise disadvantages is loss of organic phase and decreasing
of extraction efficiency, have only recently been studied in research laboratory scales, and high costs of
the extractants and synergists.
The third is Crown ether system, this is schematicball-and-stick models of crown ethers. Advantages from
this method is be able to maintain the electro neutrality of the SX system, Otherwise disadvantages is
laboratory-scale research due to the high costs of novel reagents.
Slide 4
And the last method of solvent extraction is room temperature ionic liquid system. Used multi-stage
countercurrent method campare with conventional SX system. This is schematic diagram of several ionic
liquids. Advantages from this method is Li extraction efficiency can be increased to nearly 100%.
Otherwise disadvantages such as understanding and prediction of ionic liquid properties and their
synthesis, and laboratory scale.
Slide 5
The next method is ion-sieve adsorption divided 2 extraction method such as lithium manganese oxide
and titanium manganese oxide. Advantages from lithium manganese oxide method is high adsorption rate
and superior lithium selectivity. Advantages from titanium manganese oxide method is low dissolution
loss and long recyclability. And the main problem from 2 extraction method is water pollution in
industrial operational
Slide 6
The third method is electrochemical processes divided 3 extraction method such as Salt Capturing Battery
System, Rocking-chair Battery System, and Selective Exchange Battery System. Advantages from Salt
Capturing Battery System is low energy consumption, from Rocking-chair Battery System is good
chemical stability and economical friendliness, and from Selective Exchange Battery System is low ion-
transfer resistance, high electric-driving force, and excellent separation and re cyclability performance.
And the main problem from 3 extraction method is Need further understanding about chemical reactions.
Slide 7
And the last method is membrane technology divided 3 extraction method such as Electrodialysis,
nanofiltration, and liquid membrane electrodialysis. Advantages from electrodialysis is green processes
and promising option for commercial extraction and the disadvantages is high cost. Advantages from
nanofiltration is excellent separation, excellent rejection for divalent, and high permeability. The
advantages is need investigated about sulfate and boron. Advantages from liquid membrane
electrodialysis is feasible for processing solutions with low concentrations and good cycling performance,
and the disadvantages is still laboratory scale.
Slide 8
OK and the last, most of extraction method still laboratory-scale research due to the high costs and need
further researches should be carried out to making it feasible for industrial application.
