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Department of Textile Engineering
Tex 312:Textile Testing &
Quality Control-II (Lab)
Introductory Class
Spring 2018
Course Content
1. Chemical Test:
i) Test of Colour fastness of textiles
against different agencies like
Washing, Light, Rubbing, Perspiration,
different types of Water etc.
ii) Identify textile fibres and fibre blends
iii) Test of fabric for water repellency &
absorption
iv) Determination of Size% of woven
fabric.
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Course Content
2. Physical Test:
Determination of
i) Bending length & flexural rigidity
ii) Tensile strength
iii) Tearing strength
iv) Bursting strength
v) Drape coefficient
vi) Pilling resistance
vii) Abrasion resistance
Colour Fastness of Textiles
The resistance of colour
of textiles to fade or
bleed against different
agencies such as light,
wash, water, perspiration,
rubbing, acid, alkali, hot
pressing, bleaching etc. is
called colour fastness.
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Different Types of Colour Fastness
Colour Fastness
Colour Fastness Colour Fastness to
to Wash to Light Rubbing/Crocki
ng
Colour Fastness Colour Fastness
Colour Fastness
to Perspiration to Water
to Saliva
(Acid/Alkali) (Hot/Cold)
Colour Fastness
Colour Fastness Colour Fastness
to Chlorinated
to Sea Water to Bleaching
Water
Colour Fastness
Colour Fastness Colour Fastness
to Alkali/Acid
to Dry Cleaning to Hot Pressing
Spotting
Assessment of Colour Fastness
1. Changes in the colour of
the specimen being tested,
that is colour fading
2. Staining of undyed material
which is in contact with the
specimen during the test, that
is bleeding of colour.
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Instruments for the Assessment of
Colour Fastness
1. Visual Assessment (By Grey Scale)
2. Automatic Assessment
(By using spectrophotometer)
What is Grey Scale?
The most well-known and used system of visual assessment is the grey
scale.
Grey scales are used as the rating system for most standard test methods
as they are widely available, low cost and easily used.
There are two types of grey scales. One set measures the change in
shade of a coloured textile and the other measures the degree of
staining in an adjacent fabric.
Each rating can be split so that there are nine available ratings within the
grey scale system.
Grey Scale for Shade
Change
Grey Scale for Degree of
staining
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How to assess coloured textiles with
grey scale
With the grey scale, the colour contrast between
before test and after test coloured textile is
compared with the 09 (nine) pairs of colour
contrast in the grey scale.
Multifibre Fabric
Developed by the Society of Dyers & Colourists in
1986 SDC Multifibre DW is a testing fabric comprising
of six different fibre components. SDC Multifibre DW
can be used as an adjacent fabric in many of the ISO
105 C Series and E Series of colour fastness tests and
meets chain store fastness test specification.
It is produced with a narrow weave construction and
contains the following components, secondary
cellulose acetate, cotton, acrylic, polyamide,
polyester and wool.
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Types of Multifibre Fabric
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Rating/Grades of Colour Fastness
Fastness Grade Shade Change Colour Staining
of Tested Fastness of the condition of
Sample Sample the Sample
Grade-5 No Change Excellent No Staining
Grade-4 Slight loss in Good Very Slight
Depth Staining
Grade-3 Appreciable Fair Moderate
loss in depth Staining
Grade-2 Significant loss poor Significant
in Depth Staining
Grade-1 Great Loss in Very Poor Deep Staining
Depth
Rating/ Grades of Colour Fastness to Light
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Test standards of Textile Colour Fastness
Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC)
American Association of Textile Chemists and
Colorists (AATCC).
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)
International Wool Textile Organisation (IWTO).
Introduction to Global Organization for
Standardization
International Organization for Standardization (ISO),
American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
Standards Council of Canada (SCC)
British Standards Institution (BSI)
Standards Australia (SAA)
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
China State Bureau of Technical Supervision (CSBTS)
Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione (UNI), Italy
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Introduction to Global Organization for
Standardization
American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM)
Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS)
German Institute for Standardization /Deutsches
Institut für Normung (DIN)
Swiss Norm (SN)
Bangladesh Standard & Testing Institution (BSTI)
What is ISO?
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is
the world's largest developer and publisher of
International Standards.
Founded on 23 February 1947, the organization
promotes worldwide proprietary, industrial and
commercial standards. It is headquartered in Geneva,
Switzerland, and works in 162 countries.
They 've published 22108 International Standards
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ISO Textile Colour Fastness Standards
The are five portions of a name of ISO Standard for Textile Colour
Fastness e.g. ISO 105 E01:2010
ISO = is common for every standard name.
105 = is allotted for textile colour standards
(different number means different areas of standard)
E = Different types of water against which the colour
fastness will be measured.
01 = is specifically for cold water
2010 = The year from when this standard is activated.
ISO 105 Series
It starts from A and ends at Z but all the 26
alphabet are not there. Like
ISO 105 A, ISO 105 B, ISO 105 C, ISO 105 D, ISO
105 E, ISO 105 F, ISO 105 G, ISO 105 J, ISO 105
N, ISO 105 P, ISO 105 S, ISO 105 X, ISO 105 Z
Here every alphabet represents distinguish
agent types of colour fastness test.
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Exp. No. – 01
EXP. Name:Assessment of colour fastness to wash of
given coloured sample.
Theory:
The resistance of colour of textiles to fade or bleed
against wash is called colour fastness to wash.
Test Method:
Consumers launder their fabric at some time in the lifespan of
the textile. Change of colour or staining of another garment
during laundering is generally immediately evident to the
consumer and has a high impact on consumer satisfaction.
The wide variety of test methods have mostly arisen due to
The variety of washing methods available,
Cultural practices,
The material being washed, and
The end use of the product.
The development of detergents and bleaches has influenced
the development of new wash fastness test methods.
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ISO Wash Fastness Test Condition
Temp. Time No. of Reproduce Action
Test Chemicals
(C) (min) Steel Ball of
ISO 105-C01 40 30 0 Soap Hand Washing
Repeated Hand
ISO 105-C02 50 45 0 Soap
Washing
Medium
Soap
ISO 105-C03 60 30 0 Cellulosic Wash
+Na2CO3
Severe Wool Wash
Soap+ Severe Cellulosic
ISO 105-C04 95 30 10
Na2CO3 Wash
Soap+ Very Severe
ISO 105-C05 95 240 10
Na2CO3 Cellulosic Wash
ISO standard soap (OBA free) = 5 g/l
Sodium Carbonate = 2 g/l (where applicable)
M:L = 1:50
ISO Wash Fastness Test Condition
ISO 105 C06 : Colour fastness to domestic and commercial laundering.
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ISO Wash Fastness Test Condition
ISO 105 C06 (C2S) Recipe:
ECE detergent = 4 g/l
Sodium Perborate (NaBO₃) = 1 g/l
Stainless Steel ball (6 mm dia.) = 25
pH = 10.5 0.1
Liquor = 50ml
Temperature= 60 C
Time = 30 mins.
Specification of ISO Standard Soap
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Specification of ECE Detergent
Sample preparation
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Yarn & Fibre Sample Preparation
Where or loose fibreis to be tested, take a mass of the yarn
of loose fibre approximately equal to one one-half of the
combined mass the adjacent fabric.
Then place it between a 10 cm X 4 cm piece of the
multifibre adjacent fabric and a 10 cm X 4 cm piece of non-
dyeable fabric and sew them along all four sides.
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Apparatus
Washing machine to test textile colour fastness Colour
Fastness
Brand Name: Gyrowash
Manufacturer: James H. Heal
Country of Origin: UK
Any Question?
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