Republic of the Philippines
CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Aparri, Cagayan
COLLEGE OF NURSING
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE LECTURE
NCM 55
COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAMINATION
“PRAY as if EVERYTHING depends on GOD and WORK as if EVERYTHING depends on
YOU”
I. DIRECTION: Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer; write the letter
of your choice beside each item in CAPITAL LETTERS.
1. Religion played a significant role in the development of nursing. Who among the following
persons was converted to Christianity and used her wealth to provide houses of care and
healing for the poor, the sick, and the homeless?
a. Matrona
b. Samaritan
c. Fabiola
d. Grazilda
2. Several orders of Knights were formed to provide nursing care to their sick and injured
comrades. The nurse is correct if she site which of the following knights dedicated
themselves to the care of people with leprosy, syphilis and chronic conditions?
a. Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem
b. Teutonic Knights
c. Knights of Saint Lazarus
d. Knights Hospitalers
3. They are nurses who involved themselves in providing care and safety to slaves fleeing to
the North on the Underground Railroad during the American Civil War.
a. Harriet Tubman & Clara Barton
b. Clara Barton & Louisa May Alcott
c. Dorothea Dix & Sojourner Truth
d. Sojourner Truth & Harriet Tubman
4. She was involved in the Civil War in providing nursing care and became the Union’s
Superintendent of Female Nurses responsible for recruiting nurses working in the army
hospitals.
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Clara Barton
c. Florence Nightingale
d. Walt Whitman
5. The monument “The Spirit of Nursing” that stands in the Arlington National Cemetery
stands to honor who of the following nurses?
a. Nurses who served in the German Military Service in World War II
b. Nurses who provide nursing care in Military Hospitals during the Civil War
c. Nurses who served in the U.S Armed Services in World War I
d. Nurses who helped casualties in the Vietnam War.
6. Cadet Nurse Corps was created for what reason during the World War II?
a. Increased compensation for nurses under this corps
b. A marked shortage of nurses and care givers
c. Educational requirement for nurses
d. Auxiliary nurses became more prominent
7. Near the Vietnam’s Veterans Memorial stands the Vietnam Women’s Memorial to honor the
women who served and also for the families who lost loved ones during the war. This honor
is built and called as?
a. “The Nurse”
b. “The War”
c. “The Wall”
d. “The Way”
8. In Charles Dicken’s book entitled Martin Chuzzlewit, he reflected a character of a nurse
known as Sairy Gamp. All of the following are presented by this character EXCEPT?
a. Neglecting nurse
b. A theft nurse
c. Abusive nurse
d. Caring nurse
9. Because of Nightingale’s works during the Crimean War, she brought respectability to
nursing profession and nurses were viewed as what image?
a. Angel of mercy
b. Doctor’s Handmaiden
c. Heroine
d. Sex object
10. She was the first nurse to exert political pressure on the government.
a. Martha Rogers
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Linda Richards
d. Lilian Wald
11. Florence Nightingale is recognized as the nursing’s First Scientist- Theorist. This is in
recognition for her work on which of the following?
a. Notes on Nursing: What it is and What it is not?
b. 5 Levels of Nurse Expertise
c. Definitions of Nursing
d. Transcultural Nursing
12. She is noted for establishing the American Red Cross which linked with the International
Red Cross when the U.S. Congress ratified the Treaty of Geneva?
a. Linda Richards
b. Mary Mahoney
c. Lilian Wald
d. Clara Barton
13. The treaty of Geneva during the Geneva Convention ratified which of the following?
a. Red Cross can be recognized worldwide
b. To abolish Red Cross in America
c. To found Red Cross in Germany
d. Red Cross could perform humanitarian efforts in time of peace
14. Linda Richards was noted to be the America’s first trained nurse. Which of the following is
Richards also known for?
a. Introducing Nurses’ notes and Doctors’ orders
b. Founded the American Red Cross
c. Improve standards for the care of war casualties
d. No other contributions was noted
15. Who among the following initiated the practice of nurses wearing uniforms?
a. Clara Barton
b. Linda Richards
c. Margaret Sanger
d. Lavinia Dock
16. She was the first African American professional nurse and was recognized for her significant
contributions in interracial relationships.
a. Lilian Wald
b. Mary Mahoney
c. Lavinia Dock
d. Clara Barton
17. She is considered to be the founder of public health nursing.
a. Margaret Sanger
b. Lilian Wald
c. Lavinia Dock
d. Mary Brekinridge
18. She campaigned for legislation to allow nurses rather than physician to control their
profession. Her involvement in the protest movements for women’s rights that resulted in
1920 passage of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. constitution which granted women the right
to vote.
a. Mary Mahoney
b. Lilian Wald
c. Lavinia Dock
d. Margaret Sanger
19. She is the founder of Planned Parenthood and was imprisoned for opening the first birth
control information clinic in America.
a. Margaret Sanger
b. Lavinia Dock
c. Mary Mahoney
d. Breckinridge
20. She is a notable pioneer nurse who established the Frontier Nursing Service.
a. Mary Breckinridge
b. Lavinia Dock
c. Lilian Wald
d. Mary Mahoney
21. All of the following women made significant contributions to the nursing care of soldiers
during the Civil War EXCEPT?
a. Harriet Tubman
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Dorothea Dix
d. Sojourner Truth
22. Health promotion is best represented by which of the following activities?
a. Administering immunizations
b. Giving a bath
c. Preventing injuries in the home
d. Performing diagnostic procedures
23. Who are America’s first two trained nurses?
a. Barton and Wald
b. Dock and Sanger
c. Richards and Mahoney
d. Henderson and Breckinridge
24. A nurse with 2 to 3 years of experience who has the ability to coordinate multiple complex
nursing care demands is at which stage of Benner’s states of nursing expertise?
a. Advanced beginner
b. Competent
c. Proficient
d. Expert
25. Which of the following social forces is most likely to significantly impact the future supply
and demand for nurses?
a. Aging
b. Economics
c. Science/technology
d. Telecommunications
26. Nursing Process is a systematic, rational method of planning and providing nursing care.
All of the following are goals need to be met except:
a. Identify client’s health status
b. Identify client’s actual and potential health problem
c. Establish plans to meet the identified needs
d. Deliver general nursing interventions to address unspecified needs
27. All of the following are characteristics of nursing process except:
a. It should be planned and desired outcomes should be established
b. It should focus on the welfare of the nurse caring for the patient
c. It should aim to meeting a specific goal
d. Nursing care should be arranged according to level of priority
28. A nurse in charge of a febrile client is performing a tepid sponge bath based on the care plan
formulated for the client. The nurse is in what phase of the nursing process?
a. Assessment
b. Nursing diagnosis
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation
29. The nurse is assessing the client to examine the extent of which goals achieved and were not
attained to revise the care plan as needed. She is on what stage of the nursing process?
a. Assessment
b. Nursing diagnosis
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation
30. The nurse in charge identifies a patient’s responses to actual or potential health problems
during which step of the nursing process?
a. Assessment
b. Nursing diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Evaluation
31. A female patient is diagnosed with deep-vein thrombosis. Which nursing diagnosis should
receive highest priority at this time?
a. Impaired gas exchanges related to increased blood flow
b. Fluid volume excess related to peripheral vascular disease
c. Risk for injury related to edema
d. Altered peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion
32. Nurse Joy is revising a client’s care plan. During which step of the nursing process does such
revision take place?
a. Assessment
b. Planning
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation
33. One aspect of implementation related to drug therapy is:
a. Developing a content outline
b. Documenting drugs given
c. Establishing outcome criteria
d. Setting realistic client goals
34. A nurse assigned to care for a postoperative male client who has diabetes mellitus. During
the assessment interview, the client reports that he’s impotent and says that he’s concerned
about its effect on his marriage. In planning this client’s care, the most appropriate
intervention would be to:
a. Encourage the client to ask questions about personal sexuality
b. Provide time for privacy
c. Provide support for the spouse or significant other
d. Suggest referral to a sex counselor or other appropriate professional
35. Using Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs, a nurse assigns highest priority to
which client need?
a. Security
b. Elimination
c. Safety
d. Belonging
36. A female client who received general anesthesia returns from surgery. Postoperatively,
which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority for this client?
a. Acute pain related to surgery
b. Deficient fluid volume related to blood and fluid loss from surgery
c. Impaired physical mobility related to surgery
d. Risk for aspiration related to anesthesia
37. The nurse is assessing a postoperative adult patient. Which of the following should the
nurse document as subjective data?
a. Vital signs
b. Laboratory test result
c. Patient’s description of pain
d. Electrocardiographic (ECG) waveforms
38. This phase of the nursing process aims to establish a database about the client’s response to
health concerns or illness, and the ability of the nurse to manage health care needs.
a. Evaluation
b. Implementation
c. Nursing diagnosis
d. Assessment
39. The nurse in charge after the rounds starts to obtain nursing health history, conduct physical
assessment, and review the client’s records. The nurse is said to be under what nursing
process?
a. Evaluation
b. Implementation
c. Nursing diagnosis
d. Assessment
40. The nurse is assessing a preoperative client. Which of the following data assessed by the
nurse is a subjective data?
a. Pain scale of 2/10
b. Redness of the stabbed wound
c. Temperature of 38.5 *C
d. Urine output of 30ml/hour
41. The nurse in charge is eliciting data through a planned communication or conversation by
getting or giving information to provide support and counseling and evaluates change from
the client; the nurse is using what type of data collection?
a. Observation
b. Medical records review
c. Interview
d. Non- verbal assessment
42. The nurse assesses the client and noted that the client is manifesting clinical signs of a
certain disease; this assessment strategy uses what type of data collection?
a. Observation
b. Medical records review
c. Interview
d. Non- verbal assessment
43. The nurse in charge assesses the client who complained of difficulty breathing. After
eliciting data, the nurse starts to describe the client’s actual problem which provides basis
for selection of nursing interventions she will implement. What phase of nursing process the
nurse is in to:
a. Assessment
b. Nursing diagnosis
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation
44. A diabetic client is brought to the clinic due to dizziness, blurring of vision, and headache.
The nurse assessed an increased blood sugar level, and a non- healing wound on the client’s
left foot. The nurse identified that the client is possible to acquire infection and other
complications brought about by the condition. What type of nursing diagnosis is the nurse
identifying on the patient for possible acquisition of infection?
a. Actual problem
b. Potential problem
c. Real problem
d. Syndrome
45. Which of the following nursing diagnosis is stated as a 3-part diagnosis correctly?
a. Impaired Communication related to language barrier
b. Diarrhea related to increased abdominal mobility
c. Ineffective Airway Clearance related to increased production of secretions as evidenced
by crackles, difficulty of breathing and productive cough
d. Altered Body Temperature; Hypothermia related to increased pyrogens in the body as
manifested by body temperature 37.9*C, chills and feelings of cold environment
46. Arrange the following nursing diagnosis according to prioritization:
1. Altered breathing patterns r/t decreased lung expansion, fear
2. High risk for infection r/t hazards of invasive procedure, history of previous
infections
3. Fear r/t outcome of surgery, anticipated pain, need for chest tube postoperatively
a. 2,3,1
b. 1,3,2
c. 1,2,3
d. 2,3 only
47. In planning for expected outcomes, the following criteria should be met except:
a. It should be generalized
b. The outcome is measurable
c. It should be based from what is real
d. It should be time-bound
48. All of the following are goals for determining outcomes except:
a. It shall serve as a framework for evaluation
b. It serves as a means of determining the effectiveness of the care plan
c. It identifies diagnosis that have been corrected and prevented
d. It will allow the client to refuse treatment and care
49. Which of the following Outcome statement is stated incorrectly?
a. After 30 minutes, the client will verbalized relief of pain as evidenced by pain scale of
1/10
b. After 3 days, the client will manifest good coping mechanisms as evidenced by active
participation to planned activities
c. At the end of one hour, the client will understand ways of controlling his blood sugar
levels as evidenced by increased knowledge on Diabetes Mellitus
d. At the end of 30 minutes, the client will manifest alleviation of fever as evidenced by a
decrease in body temperature from 38*C to 37*C
50. Which of the following actions is most representation of the nursing diagnosis phase of
nursing process?
a. Administering antihypertensive drugs
b. Identifying client’s major problems and needs
c. Establishing short-term and long-term goals
d. Organizing data in the client’s family history
51. Which of the following attributes would indicate that the nurse was utilizing the assessment
phase of the nursing process to provide nursing care?
a. Giving inferences
b. Formulates desired outcomes
c. Reviews results of laboratory tests
d. Documents care
52. Which of the following elements is best categorized as secondary subjective data?
a. The wife verbalized that the client loss his appetite
b. Weight loss of 5lbs since last visit
c. Auscultates crackles on both lungs
d. Clients verbalized chest pain upon exertion
53. The nurse aims to elicit client’s feelings about a recent diagnosis. Which interview question
in most likely to elicit this information?
a. “Tell me about your reactions to your diagnosis”
b. “How is your wife and children responding to your diagnosis?”
c. “What did your doctor tell you about your diagnosis?”
d. “Are you worried how your diagnosis will affect you in the near future?”
54. The use of conceptual or theoretical framework for collecting and organizing assessment
data ensures which of the following?
a. Demonstration of cost- effective care
b. Correlation of the data with other health care team members
c. Collection of all necessary information for a thorough appraisal
d. Utilization of creativity and intuition in creating plan of care
55. A collaborative problem is indicated instead of a nursing or medical diagnosis:
a. If both medical and nursing interventions are required to treat the problem
b. When independent nursing actions can be utilized to treat the problem
c. When no medical diagnosis can be determined
d. Nursing interventions are the primary requirement to solve the problem
56. Which of the following nursing diagnoses contains the proper components?
a. Sleep deprivation secondary to fatigue and a noisy environment
b. Risk for care giver role strain related to unpredictable illness course
c. Risk for falls related to tendency to collapse when having difficulty breathing
d. Decreased communication related to stroke
57. In the diagnostic statement “Excess fluid volume related to decreased venous return as
manifested by lower extremity edema (swelling),” the etiology of the problem is which of
the following?
a. Edema
b. Decreased venous return
c. Excess fluid volume
d. Unknown
58. The nurse is diagnosing for a client with a hypertensive disorder. Which of the following
elements exists between data analysis and formulating the diagnostic statement?
a. Assess the client’s needs
b. Delineate the client’s problems and strengths
c. Determine which interventions are most likely to succeed
d. Estimate the cost of several different approaches
59. One of the primary advantages of using a three- part diagnostic statement such as the
problem- etiology- signs & symptoms format includes which of following?
a. Decreases the cost of health care
b. Standardizes organization of client data
c. Improves communication between nurse and client
d. Helps the nurse focus on health and wellness elements
60. The care plan includes a nursing intervention “Monitor client’s vital signs”. What element of
a proper nursing intervention has been omitted?
a. Action verb
b. Content
c. Time
d. None
61. The nurse selects the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity related to
immobility, dry skin, and surgical incision. Which of the following represents a properly
stated outcome/ goal? The client will:
a. Use a pressure reducing mattress
b. Turn in bed every 2 hour
c. Have intact skin during hospitalization
d. Report the importance of applying dressing daily
62. When initiating the implementation phase of the nursing process, the nurse performs which
of the following steps first?
a. Carrying out nursing interventions
b. Determining the need for assistance
c. Reassessing the client
d. Documenting interventions
63. Which of the following is the primary purpose of the evaluating phase of the care- planning
process to determine whether:
a. Desired outcomes have been met
b. Nursing activities were carried out
c. Nursing activities were effective
d. Client’s condition has changed
64. If the nurse planned to evaluate the length of time clients must wait for a nurse to respond to
the client need reported over the intercom system on each shift, which of the following
processes does this reflect?
a. Structure evaluation
b. Process evaluation
c. Outcome evaluation
d. Audit
65. When initiating the implementation phase of the nursing process, the nurse performs which
of the following steps first?
a. Carrying out nursing interventions
b. Determining the need for assistance
c. Reassessing the client
d. Documenting interventions
God Bless!
Prepared by:
MA. ANGELITA C. SAQUING, MSN
Instructor
